• 한국균학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.457-473
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 국내 기수 환경의 물과 토양에서 균류의 다양성을 확인하기 위해 을숙도, 금강하구둑, 순천만습지, 대호방조제, 신두리사구 및 부남방조제 총 6지점의 현장조사 및 시료를 채집하였다. 현장에서 여과한 담수시료와 담수퇴적물로부터 곰팡이를 순수분리하여 PDA배지에 접종한 후 25℃에서 배양하였다. 기수역 시료에서 순수분리된 균주는 총 173균주로 ITS 부분을 분석하여 속 수준으로 동정하였다. 분리 동정된 균주를 다양성 지수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분리된 균류는 Pleosporales, Eurotiales, Capnodiales, Hypocreales, Polyporales, Saccharomycetales, Agaricales, Glomerellales, Mucorales, Dothideales, Russulales, Xylariales, Sordariales, Myrmecridiales, Tubeufiales, Onygenales, Cantharellales, Amphisphaeriales 목에 속하며 Cladosporium속이 20%로 가장 우점하며, 그 다음은 Penicillium (19%), Fusarium (5%)의 순서로 많이 분포하였다. Sarocladium kiliense NNIBRFG3280와 Fusicolla merismoides NNIBRFG23708를 국내 기수환경에서 발굴하였으며, 이를 국내 미기록종으로 보고하고자 한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2021

To date, there is no report on the genetic diversity of ticks in these regions. A total of 370 representative ticks from the south and east regions of Kazakhstan (SERK) and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) were selected for molecular comparison. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene, ranging from 631 bp to 889 bp, was used to analyze genetic diversity among these ticks. Phylogenetic analyses indicated 7 tick species including Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma detritum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus and Haemaphysalis erinacei from the SERK clustered together with conspecific ticks from the XUAR. The network diagram of haplotypes showed that i) Hy. asiaticum from Almaty and Kyzylorda Oblasts together with that from Yuli County of XUAR constituted haplogroup H-2, and the lineage from Chimkent City of South Kazakhstan was newly evolved; and ii) the R. turanicus ticks sampled in Israel, Almaty, South Kazakhstan, Usu City, Ulugqat and Baicheng Counties of XUAR were derivated from an old lineage in Alataw City of XUAR. These findings indicate that: i) Hy. asiaticum, R. turanicus and Ha. erinacei shared genetic similarities between the SERK and XUAR; and ii) Hy. marginatum and D. reticulatus show differences in their evolution.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.24-37
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• 2021

[Purpose] To determine whether physical activity (PA), primarily the recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA, is associated with gut bacterial microbiota in 10-year-old children. [Methods] The Block Physical Activity Screener, which provides minutes/day PA variables, was used to determine whether the child met the PA recommendations. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples from the children to profile the composition of their gut bacterial microbiota. Differences in alpha diversity metrics (richness, Pielou's evenness, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity) by PA were determined using linear regression, whereas beta diversity (unweighted and weighted UniFrac) relationships were assessed using PERMANOVA. Taxon relative abundance differentials were determined using DESeq2. [Results] The analytic sample included 321 children with both PA and 16S rRNA sequencing data (mean age [SD] =10.2 [0.8] years; 54.2% male; 62.9% African American), where 189 (58.9%) met the PA recommendations. After adjusting for covariates, meeting the PA recommendations as well as minutes/day PA variables were not significantly associated with gut richness, evenness, or diversity (p ≥ 0.19). However, meeting the PA recommendations (weighted UniFrac R² = 0.014, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with distinct gut bacterial composition. These compositional differences were partly characterized by increased abundance of Megamonas and Anaerovorax as well as specific Christensenellaceae_R-7_group taxa in children with higher PA. [Conclusion] Children who met the recommendations of PA had altered gut microbiota compositions. Whether this translates to a reduced risk of obesity or associated metabolic diseases is still unclear.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.212-212
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• 2022

Soluble starch synthase (SS) IV-2 is one of the starch synthase gene family members and responsible for starch chain elongation interacting with other rice eating and cooking quality controlling genes (e.g., AGPlar and PUL). SSIV-2 is mainly expressed in leaves, especially at grain-filling stage and its alleles can significantly affect rice quality. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure analyses of SSIV-2 gene by using 374 rice accessions. This rice set was grouped into 320 cultivated bred (subsequently classified into temperate japonica, indica, tropical japonica, aus, aromatic and admixture) and 54 wild rice. Haplotyping of cultivated rice accessions provided a total of 7 haplotypes, and only three haplotypes are functional indicating four substituted SNPs in two exons of chromosome 5: T/A and G/T in exon 4, and C/G and G/A in exon 13. Including the wild, a highest diverse group (0.0041), nucleotide diversity analysis showed temperate japonica (0.0001) had a lowest diversity value indicating the origin information of this gene evolution. Higher and positive Tajima5s D value of indica (1.9755) indicate a selective signature under balancing selection while temperate japonica (-0.9018) was in lowest Tajima's D value due to a recent selective sweep by positive selection. We found the most diverse genetic components of the wild in PCA but shared in some portion with other cultivated groups. Fixation index (F_ST-values) and phylogenetic analysis indicate a closer relationship of the wild with indica (F_ST=0.256) than to its association to both of temperate japonica (F_ST=0.589). Structure analysis shows a clear separation of cultivated subpopulations at every K value, but genetic components were admixed within the wild illustrating the same genetic background with japonica and indica in some proportion.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.752-761
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• 2023

Genetic diversity serves as the basis for selecting and genetically enhancing any culturable species in aquaculture. Here, two different strains of wild (River Ravi and River Kabul) and six captive-bred strains of Labeo rohita from various provinces were se- lected, and genetic diversity among them was evaluated using three different microsatellite markers, i.e., Lr-28, Lr-29, and Lr-37, and one mitochondrial CO1 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) gene. Different strains of L. rohita were collected, and part of their caudal fin was cut and preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction and determination of genetic diversity among them. Results in- dicated that selected markers were polymorphic with polymorphic information content (PIC) content values above 0.5 with the highest in Lr-28 followed by Lr-29 and then Lr-37. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) of all strains was higher (Avg: 0.731) but less than the expected heterozygosity (He). Moreover, TMs and WRs showed the highest He, while TKs showed the lowest, He. Over- all, inbreeding coefficient (FIS) values observed for all strains with selected markers were positive. The DNA barcoding with the CO1 gene revealed genetic variation among various strains, as demonstrated by the clades in the phylogenetic tree separating the strains into two distinct clusters that then divided into sub-clusters. In conclusion, TMs showed the highest heterozygosity as compared to other strains. Overall results provide the baseline data for the initiation of the genetic improvement program.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2024

해조류는 풍부한 필수 영양소 공급으로 인해 귀중한 해양 자원으로 여겨지며 특히 단백질과 아미노산이 풍부하게 함유되어 있다. 한국에서는 500종 이상의 해조류가 서식하며 그 중 50종 이상이 식품용으로 이용되어 일상 식단의 중심 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 한국에서 가장 흔히 섭취되는 해조류 5종(매생이, 톳, 김, 다시마, 미역; Capsosiphon fulvescens, Hizikia fusiforme, Porphyra yezoensis, Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida)의 단백질 구성 아미노산을 분석하였다. 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피 분석 결과, 아스파르트산, 글루탐산, 알라닌, 류신이 가장 풍부한 아미노산 성분임을 알 수 있었다. 주성분 분석에서는 이 다섯 종류의 해조류가 아미노산 구성에 따라 세 개의 군집으로 분류될 수 있었고, 이는 부분적으로 계통 분류 결과와 일치하였다. 다양한 아미노산 중에서도 글루탐산, 아스파르트산, 알라닌이 구분을 주도하는 주요 아미노산이였다. 특히, 가까운 계통적 근접성을 보이는 Undaria pinnatifida와 Capsosiphon fulvescens는 뚜렷하게 유사한 아미노산 프로필을 나타내었다. 그에 비해 Porphyra yezoensis와 Saccharina japonica는 계통적 관계를 공유하더라도 다른 아미노산 구성을 보였다. Hizikia fusiforme는 두 분석 모두에서 독특한 군집으로 나타났다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2023

잔가시고기 Pungitius kaibarae의 신규 집단인 고령(GR) 집단과 야생 집단의 특성을 규명하기 위해 미토콘드리아 cytb 유전자 영역의 886 bp 서열을 이용 총 4개 집단 (경상북도 고령(회천, GR), 포항(곡강천, PH), 경산(오목천, GYSA), 강원도 고성(배봉천, GS))을 분석하였다. 고령(GR) 집단에서 가장 낮은 haplotype 다양성을 나타냈고(H_d=0.000), 고성(GS) 집단에서 0.755로 가장 높은 haplotype 다양성을 확인하였다. Nucleotide 다양성은 고성(GS) 집단에서 0.00291로 가장 높은 다양성을 나타냈으며, 고령(GR) 집단에서 가장 0.00000로 가장 낮은 다양성을 보였다. 유전적 분화도에서 고령(GR) 집단은 포항(PH) 집단과 유전적으로 가장 가까운 것으로 나타났다. Haplotype 네트워크는 고령 (GR) 집단이 포항(PH) 집단과 군집되어 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 고령(GR) 집단은 계통발생학적 tree에서 높은 지지도(98%)의 값으로 포항(PH) 집단과 군집됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 고령(GR) 집단은 포항(PH) 집단과 유사한 집단에서 유래됨을 추정하였다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2012

The tiger population that once inhabited the Korean peninsula was initially considered a unique subspecies (Panthera tigris coreensis), distinct from the Amur tiger of the Russian Far East (P. t. altaica). However, in the following decades, the population of P. t. coreensis was classified as P. t. altaica and hence forth the two populations have been considered the same subspecies. From an ecological point of view, the classification of the Korean tiger population as P. t. altaica is a plausible conclusion. Historically, there were no major dispersal barriers between the Korean peninsula and the habitat of Amur tigers in Far Eastern Russia and northeastern China that might prevent gene flow, especially for a large carnivore with long-distance dispersal abilities. However, there has yet to be a genetic study to confirm the subspecific status of the Korean tiger. Bone samples from four tigers originally caught in the Korean peninsula were collected from two museums in Japan and the United States. Eight mitochondrial gene fragments were sequenced and compared to previously published tiger subspecies' mtDNA sequences to assess the phylogenetic relationship of the Korean tiger. Three individuals shared an identical haplotype with the Amur tigers. One specimen grouped with Malayan tigers, perhaps due to misidentification or mislabeling of the sample. Our results support the conclusion that the Korean tiger should be classified as P. t. altaica, which has important implications for the conservation and reintroduction of Korean tigers.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.41-41
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• 2015

Oomycetes belong to the kingdom Straminipila, a remarkably diverse group which includes brown algae and planktonic diatoms, although they have previously been classified under the kingdom Fungi. These organisms have evolved both saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and more than 60% of the known species are pathogens on plants, the majority of which are classified into the order Peronosporales (includes downy mildews, Phytophthora, and Pythium). Recent phylogenetic investigations based on DNA sequences have revealed that the diversity of oomycetes has been largely underestimated. Although morphology is the most valuable criterion for their identification and diversity, morphological species identification is time-consuming and in some groups very difficult, especially for non-taxonomists. DNA barcoding is a fast and reliable tool for identification of species, enabling us to unravel the diversity and distribution of oomycetes. Accurate species determination of plant pathogens is a prerequisite for their control and quarantine, and further for assessing their potential threat to crops. The mitochondrial cox2 gene has been widely used for identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of various oomycete groups. However, recently the cox1 gene was proposed as a DNA barcode marker instead, together with ITS rDNA. To determine which out of cox1 or cox2 is best suited as universal oomycete barcode, we compared these two genes in terms of (1) PCR efficiency for 31 representative genera, as well as for historic herbarium specimens, and (2) in terms of sequence polymorphism, intra- and interspecific divergence. The primer sets for cox2 successfully amplified all oomycete genera tested, while cox1 failed to amplify three genera. In addition, cox2 exhibited higher PCR efficiency for historic herbarium specimens, providing easier access to barcoding type material. In addition, cox2 yielded higher species identification success, with higher interspecific and lower intraspecific divergences than cox1. Therefore, cox2 is suggested as a partner DNA barcode along with ITS rDNA instead of cox1. Including the two barcoding markers, ITS rDNA and cox2 mtDNA, the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were performed to resolve two complex clades, Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew) and Peronospora effuse (spinach downy mildew) at the species level and to infer evolutionary relationships within them. The approaches discriminated all currently accepted species and revealed several previously unrecognized lineages, which are specific to a host genus or species. The sequence polymorphisms were useful to develop a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for detection of airborne inoculum of B. lactucae and P. effusa. Specificity tests revealed that the qPCR assay is specific for detection of each species. This assay is sensitive, enabling detection of very low levels of inoculum that may be present in the field. Early detection of the pathogen, coupled with knowledge of other factors that favor downy mildew outbreaks, may enable disease forecasting for judicious timing of fungicide applications.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권6호통권86호
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• pp.756-761
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• 2007

능금속(Malus) 식물은 다년생 목본으로 국내에는 약 8종이 있다. 이 속에 있는 사과(M. pumila)는 경제적 중요작물로 그 기원은 서중국의 야생종 M. sieversii일 것으로 추정되고 있다. 우리나라에 자생하는 Malus내 모든 분류군과 중국의 M. sieversii를 RAPD로 분석하였다. 재배종이 높은 다양성을 나타낸 반면 제주아그배나무가 가장 낮은 다양성을 나타내었다. 재배종이 야생종보다 유전적 다양도가 더 높게 나타나 재배화 과정에서 여러 종과교잡이 일어나 많은 유전자가 침투된 것이라는 보고를 됫받침한다. 이 속은 M. sieversii를 포함한 사과나무, 능금나무가 같은 분자군을 형성하였고, 개아그배나무 또는 제주아그배나무(Malus micromalus), 아그배나무(Malus sieboldii), 꽃아그배나무(Malus floribunda)가 같은 분지군, 야광나무(Malus baccata), 개야광나무(Malus baccata for minor), 털야광나무(Malus baccata var. mandshurica)가 같은 분자군을 형성하였다. 한국내 재배종 사과와 능금이 국내 자생종 능금속에서 진화나 분지한 것은 아닌 것으로 판명되었고 오히려 중국 야생종이 그 기원의 하나일 가능성이 시사된다.