• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 1997년도 봄 심포지움 및 학술논문발표요지
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• pp.23-27
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• 1997

Bio-Green(B.G.) functional water was manufactured by Kyungwon Enterprise Co. through a series of processes ; water longrightarrow ultra-purification longrightarrow adding catalysts longrightarrow energy imprinting fermenting with energized water + zeolite and others + photosynthetic bacteria in fermenter longrightarrow filtering. Control(0), 5 or 10 liters of B.G. functional water were supplied to the orchard soil under canopy of 10 year old 'Tsugaru'/M26 apple trees on March 20, May 20 and June 20, 1995, respectively. Some orchard soil characteristics, not only pH, but also Ca and Mg of exchangeable cations were increased by supply with B.G. functional water. However, P$_2$O$_{5}$, K, and B contents were not influenced by the treatment. At harvest time soluble solid content of flesh and anthocyanin of fruit skin were increased by the treatment. B.G. functional water treatment showed higher root activities, and photosynthesis of leaves than that of control. Also B.G. functional water treatment showed higher Ca content in fruit skin and flesh tissues, whereas not affected N, K, and Mg contents. During storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ cold room, the more volume of B.G. functional water supply showed lower bitter pit symptom. Respiration and ethylene evolution in fruit were decreased, while fruit firmness increased by the treatment during storage.e.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.408-415
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• 1991

TOL plsmid size of Flavobacterium odoratum SUB53 was estimated as 83 Md and the optimum concentration of m-toluate degradation by TOL plasmid was 5 mM. $H_{2}$ production by Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides KCTC1425 was largely dependent on nitrogenase activity and showed the highest at 30 mM malate with 7 mM glutamate as nitrogen source. Nitrogenase activities were inhibited by 0.3 mM $NH_{4}^{+}$ions, to be appeared the decrease of $H_{2}$ production. Conjugation of TOL plasmids from F. odoratum SUB53 and Pseudomonas putida mt-2 to R. sphaeroides showed the optimum at the exponential stage of recipient cells in presence of helper plasmid pRK2013. According to the investigation of catechol-1,2-oxygenase (C-1, 2-O) and catechol-2,3-oxygenase (C-2,3-O) activities of R. sphaeroides C1 (TOL SUB53) and C2 (TOL mt-2), the gene for C-2,3-O is located on TOL plasmid and gene for C-1, 2-O on the chromosome of R. sphaeroides. m-Toluate was biodegraded by TOL plasmid in R. sphaeroides C1 and C2, presumably to be produced $H_{2}$ gas from the secondary metabolites of m-toluate.e.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2022

The removal efficiencies of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals (Cu and Ni) by Rhodobacter blasticus and R. blasticus attached to polysulfone carriers, alginate carriers, PVA carriers, and PVA + zeolite carriers in synthetic wastewater were compared. In the comparison of the nutrient removal efficiency based on varying concentrations (100, 200, 500, and 1000 mg/L), R. blasticus + polysulfone carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 98.9~99.84% for N and 96.92~99.21% for P. The R. blasticus + alginate carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 88.04~97.1% for N and 90.33~97.13% for P. The R. blasticus + PVA carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 18.53~44.25% for N and 14.93~43.63% for P. The R. blasticus + PVA + zeolite carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 26.65~64.33% for N and 23.44~64.05% for P. In addition, at the minimum inhibitory concentration of heavy metals, R. blasticus (dead cells) + polysulfone carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 7.77% for Cu and 12.19% for Ni. Rhodobacter blasticus (dead cells) + alginate carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 25.83% for Cu and 31.12% for Ni.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2022

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) attract considerable interest as useful microorganisms; nevertheless, a generalized culture technique has not been previously reported owing to difficulty in their cultivation. Therefore, a simple culture technique suitable for public use was investigated. Among the PSB tested, the strain Rhodobacter azotoformans EBN-7 was the most suitable for scale-up production because it showed the highest specific growth rate (0.20 h^-1) on basal medium. In scale-up cultivation (500 L), R. azotoformans EBN-7 showed 4.50 × 10¹⁰ colony-forming units mL^-1 (number of viable cells), dry cell weight of 26.8 g/L, and a specific growth rate of 0.15 h^-1. Cultivation using this final culture broth (as seed culture) in a 15 L simple reactor was successful, with maintenance of cell activity evident. For use as seed culture, the maximum allowable preservation period of R. azotoformans EBN-7 at 4℃ was 3 months. When R. azotoformans EBN-7 cultivated in a simple technique was applied to shrimp aquaculture water, NH₄⁺-N was reduced from 0.61 mg/L to 0.24 mg/L (by 60.7%) in 4 days in comparison with the control. Thus, this simple culture technique using R. azotoformans EBN-7 has the potential for a good removal efficiency of NH₄⁺-N, making seed culture easier and suitable for public use.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.843-859
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 제주도 한라산 중산간 습지대 28개소에서 IAA 및 carotenoid 생성능이 우수한 광합성 세균 1종을 최종 선발하였으며, 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석과 생리학적 특성을 조사한 결과 Rhodopseudomonas palustris JK-1 균주로 동정하였다. JK-1 균주의 최적배양조건을 선발하기 위하여 pH, 온도, 빛 및 통기 등을 포함한 여러 가지 요인들이 균주의 생장과 IAA 및 carotenoid 등 광합성색소 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험결과 JK-1 균주는 명/혐기조건에서 균생장, IAA 및 광합성색소 생성이 양호하였으며 암/혐기조건에서 균생장, IAA 및 광합성색소 형성이 모두 크게 억제되었다. 명/혐기조건에서 균생장, IAA 및 carotenoid 등 광합성색소의 생산을 위한 최적 pH, 온도 및 배양회전속도는 각각 7, $30^{\circ}C$, 150 rpm, 9, $30^{\circ}C$ 및 150 rpm, 그리고 6, $25^{\circ}C$ 및 50 rpm이었다. 그리고 명/호기조건(0.5~1 vvm)에서는 명/혐기조건(0 vvm)보다 균생장 및 IAA 합성이 양호하였으나 광합성색소 형성은 크게 억제되었다. 따라서 최적배양조건은 명/혐기조건에서 pH 7, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$ 및 회전속도 100 rpm을 선발하였으며, IAA 합성을 유도한 배양액을 생육촉진 효과검증에 이용하였다. 시험결과 R. palustris JK-1 균주를 열무에 3% (v/v) 처리 시 지상부 및 지하부 건물중이 무처리 및 배지처리구 대비 각각 20~58% 및 40-28% 증가하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 1983

한국(韓國), 일본(日本) 및 태국(泰國)의 논토양(土壤)을 홍시(洪試)하여 수종유기물(數種有機物)을 첨가(添加)했을 때 지양성(地養性) 질소고정력(窒素固定力)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알고져 실내시험(室內試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유기물(有機物) 첨가(添加)에 의(依)한 타양성(他養性) 질소고정(窒素固定) 미생물(微生物)의 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 Glucose > 볏짚 > 퇴비(堆肥)의 순으로 높고 3개토양간(個土壤間)에 현저(顯著)한 차이(差異)가 있었다. 2. 탄소(炭素) 1g당(當) 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 토양(土壤)에 따라 상이(相異)하나 담수(湛水)30일간(日間) 췌동(萃東)(한국(韓國)) 2.20mg, 홍소(鴻巢)(일본(日本)) 0.80mg, 그리고 Ratchaburi 토양(土壤)(태국(泰國))이 0.85mg/100g이였다. 3. 논토양(土壤)의 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 근래(近來) 수년간(數年間) 유기물(有機物) 및 화학비료(化學肥料)를 전혀 시용(施用)하지 않은 토양(土壤)(Ratchabur) 및 화학비료(化學肥料)만을 시용(施用)한 토양(土壤)(홍소(鴻巢))에 비(比)하여 볏짚을 운용(運用)한 토양(土壤)(췌동통(萃東統))에서 현저(顯著)히 높았음. 4. 논토양(土壤) 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物)에 의(依)한 전질소(全窒素) 고정력(固定力)은 사질토양(砂質土壤)보다 식질토양(殖質土壤)에서 높으나 광합성(光合成) 질소고정(窒素固定) 미생물(微生物)에 의(依)한 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 반대(反對)로 식질(殖質)보다 사질토양(砂質土壤)에서 높았다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.488-494
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• 1993

토양으로부터 생육도와 유기산의 자화도가 우수한 광합성세균 P17 균주를 분리하여 균학적 성질을 검토한 결과 이 균주는 Rhodospirillum rubrum으로 동정되었다. 유기폐수처리용 종균 생산을 위한 본 균주의 배양조건을 검토한 결과, 탄소원으로서 0.2% Na-acetate, 0.1% Na-propionate, 0.2% Na-lactate를 함유한 혼합 유기산이 효과적이었으며, 0.1% yeast extract를 첨가하였을 때 높은 생육도를 나타내었다. 최적배양조건의 환경인자들은 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, 조도 2,500 lux, 교반 $50{\sim}100\;rpm$ 등이었다. Jar fermentor를 이용한 회분배양과 반연속배양으로부터 각각 5.17 g/l와 7.93 g/l의 균체가 생산되었으며, 연속배양에서는 희석비율 0.21 $h^{-1}$에서 생산성이 0.206 g/l/h이었다. R. rubrum P17을 두부공업폐수에 적용시켰을 때, 4일간 배양으로 초기 COD(3,240 mg/l)를 250 mg/l까지 감소시켰다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.66-69
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• 2002

Zinc chlorin 1 possessing tertiary 3$^1$_hydroxy and 13$^1$-oxo groups was synthesized as a model for the antenna chlorophylls of photosynthetic green bacteria. Self-aggregation of 1 in nonpolar organic solvents was examined and compared to 2 and 3 possessing a secondary and primary 3$^1$_hydroxy group, respectively. Zinc chlorin 1 self-aggregated in I％(v/v) CH$_2$Cl$_2$-hexane to form oligomers and showed a red-shifted Qy maximum at 704 nm compared to the monomer (648 nm in CH$_2$CI2$_2$). This red-shift is larger than that of 3$^1$S-2 (648 to 697 nm) and comparable to that of3$^1$R-2 (648 to 705 nm), but smaller than that of 1 (648 to 740 nm), indicating that while a single 3$^1$-methyl group (primary to secondary OH) suppressed tight and/or extended aggregation, the additional 3$^1$-methyl group (secondary to tertiary OH) did not further suppress aggregation. The relative stability of the aggregates was in the order 3> 3$^1$R-2∼ 1 > 3$^1$S-2 as determined by visible spectral analyses. Molecular modeling calculations on oligomers of zinc chlorins 1, 3$^1$ R-2 and 3 gave similar well-ordered energy-minimized structures, while 3 stacked more tightly than 3$^1$ R- 2 and 1. In contrast, 3$^1$S-2 gave a relatively disordered (twisted) structure. The calculated oligomeric structures could explain the visible spectral data of 1-3 in nonpolar organic solvents. Moreover, self- aggregation of synthetic zinc 13$^1$_oxo-hlorins 4-6 possessing a 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl and 3- hydroxy-I-propenyl group at the 3-position in nonpolar organic solvents was discussed.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1997

토양에서 분리한 광합성 세균인 Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1 균주에 의한 ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 생산에 있어서 levulinic acid (LA) 및 ALA 생합성 경로의 첨가효과를 검토하였다. Glutamate를 제외한 Lascelles의 기본배지에 LA를 배양초기에 10mM, 이후 대수기 중기에 30 mM을 첨가한 결과 균체외의 ALA 생산성은 최고 45 mg/l 도달, LA 미첨가 대비 23배 증가하였다. ALA 생합성의 전구물질인 glycine-succinate ($C_4$) 및 glutamate ($C_5$)의 feeding 효과는 배양초기/대수기 중기에 LA 10/30 mM을, glutamate 30 mM/30 mM을 각각 첨가하는 한편, 대수기 중기에 10 mM 농도의 $C_4$ 전구물질을 별도로 첨가배양함으로써 미첨가 대비의 ALA 생산성이 약 40배 (75 mg/l) 증가하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1997

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 생합성의 $C_5$ 경로의 전구물질인 L-glutamic acid가 Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1 새포내에서 ALA 생산의 역할을 검토하였다. Lascelles의 기본배지에 L-glutamic acid와 levulinic acid (LA)를 각각 30, 20 mM 첨가배양으로써 균체외 ALA 생산성이 40배 증가(76 mg/l)하였다. 한편 $C_4$ 경로의 기질인 glycine과 succinic acid를 대수기 중기에 각각 60 mM 첨가함으로써, 균의 증식은 억제되었으나 균체외의 ALA는 52 mg/l에 달하였다.