• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2011

최근 잔디관리를 위한 시비프로그램에서 인산의 사용량을 줄이기 위한 연구가 많이 진행 되고 있다. 토양의 인산함량이 식물성장을 위해서 충분히 존재하더라도 시비프로그램은 질소의 양을 기준으로 이루어져 있기 때문에 인산이 불필요 하더라도 질소와 같이 시비되는 것이 일반적이다. 많은 선행연구에서 이미 조성된 잔디에서는 토양내 인산함량의 조건에 상관없이 인산의 영향이 발견되지 않았다. 이것은 뗏장으로 조성된 켄터키블루그래스의 대취층에 많은 인산의 함량이 발견되었기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 대취층을 최소화 하기위하여 파종하여 새로 조성된 켄터키블루그래스의 성장에 질소와 인산의 영향을 측정하기 위해서 수행되었다. 질소의 시비량은 소량, 중량, 다량으로 각각 20, 30 and $40g\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$로 되었으며 시비 횟수를 각각 2, 4, 6회로 구성되었다. 인산의 시비량은 0, 10 and $20g\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$로 되었으며 인산은 질소시비와 함께 이루어 졌다. 소량의 질소시비는 실험기간 동안 최소수용 품질을 유지 하였으며 가장 적은 예지물을 생산하였다. 다량의 질소시비는 가장 좋은 잔디 품질을 나타내었다. 그러나 실험기간 동안 켄터키블루그래스의 성장에 대한 인산의 일관적인 영향은 발견되지 않았다. 두꺼운 대취층에 조성된 켄터키블루그래스의 성장에 인산의 영향이 없는 것과 동일하게 새로 조성된 켄터키블루그래스의 성장에도 인산의 영향은 일년 동안 발견되지 않았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

With the population growth and industrialization, the characteristics of discharged waste water and sewage have become more diverse. The removal of phosphorus (P) in the wastewater is essential for the prevention of eutrophication in the river and stream. This study was performed in order to estimate the field application of the Bacillus sp. 3434 BRRJ. Bacillus sp. 3434 BRRJ was cultured in the raw wastewater and synthetic medium at the 5 L reactor. The best optimum conditions for P removal by Bacillus sp. 3434BRRJ in the synthetic medium at the 5 L reactor were as follows: temperature, $30^{\circ}C$; P concentration, 20 mg/L; carbon sources, glucose + acetate (1:1); oxygen concentration, alternatively anaerobic and aerobic conditions. P removal efficiency under the optimum condition was 89.4%. In case of wastewater, P removal efficiency was 95.5% under controlled at $30^{\circ}C$. Through this study we confirmed that P removal by Bacillus sp. 3434BRRJ in case of wastewater was as effective as the synthetic medium. It is considered that Bacillus sp. 3434 BRRJ can be applied to the treatment of wastewater in order to biologically remove P from the wastewater on a large scale.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.18
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• pp.97-98
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• 2005

To investigate the ZnO thin films which is interested in the next generation of short wavelength LEDs and Lasers, our ZnO thin films were deposited by RF sputtering system. Phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As) were diffused into about 2.1${\mu}m$ ZnO thin films sputtered by RF magnetron sputtering system mn ampoule tube which was below $5\times10^{-7}$ Torr. The dopant sources of phosphorus and arsenic were $Zn_3P_2$ and $ZnAs_2$. Those diffusion was perform at 500, 600, and 700$^{\circ}C$ during 3hr. We find the condition of p-type ZnO whose diffusion condition is 700$^{\circ}C$, 3hr Our p-type ZnO thin film has not only very high carrier concentration of above $10^{19}/cm^3$ but also low resistivity of $5\times10^{-3}{\Omega}cm$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1131-1138
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of Ca and P on urine and ileal digesta pH, and ammonia ($NH_{3}$), methane ($CH_{4}$), and odor emission. In experiment 1, eight pigs (commercial three-way cross; initial BW 67$\pm$3 kg) were arranged in a repeated 4$\times$4 Latin Square design. All pigs were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. Four corn-soybean meal based diets were formulated. Diet 1 was the control in which dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and limestone ($CaCO_{3}$) were used as the sources of inorganic P and Ca. In Diets 2 and 3, ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and $CaSO_{4}$replaced DCP and $CaCO_{3}$ as the inorganic sources of P and Ca. Diet 4 was similar to Diet 1 except that it was fortified with HCl to provide an acid load similar to that of diet 2. Urine and ileal digesta pH were determined in pigs fed each of these diets. In Exp. 1, urine pH decreased (p<0.05) in animals consuming diets containing ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$-$CaSO_{4}$ (5.85$\pm$0.38) and MCP-$CaSO_{4}$(5.73$\pm$0.30) compared with the DCP-$CaCO_{3}$ diet (6.89$\pm$0.24). In the pigs consuming ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$-$CaSO_{4}$, ileal digesta pH decreased compared with the control (5.52$\pm$0.28 vs. 6.66$\pm$0.17; p<0.05). Based on the results of Exp. 1, a total of four trials were performed in environmental chambers for determining how $NH_{3}$, $NH_{4}$, and odor were affected by the different dietary Ca and P sources (Exp. 2). In Exp. 2, pigs fed the ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$-$CaSO_{4}$ diet had decreased (30%) $NH_{3}$ emissions compared with the control (p<0.05). Also, a combination of MCP-$CaCO_{3}$-$CaCl_{12}$ decreased $NH_{3}$ emission by 15% (p<0.05). Emission of $CH_{4}$ was decreased only with the ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$-$CaSO_{4}$ diet with 14% (p<0.05). Odorant emission of phenolics and volatile fatty acids increased roughly three-fold with the DCP-$CaSO_{4}$ diet but was not affected by other test diets. In conclusion, acidogenic Ca and P sources in swine diets can decrease the urinary pH and reduce $NH_{3}$ and $CH_{4}$ emission from swine facilities.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

The introduction of a significant amount of phosphorous into aquatic environments can lead to eutrophication, which can in turn result in algal blooms. For the effective management of watersheds and the prevention of water quality problems related to nonpoint organic matter (OM) sources, it is essential to pinpoint the predominant OM sources. Several potential OM sources were sampled from upper agricultural watersheds, such as fallen leaves, riparian reeds, riparian plants, paddy soil, field soil, riparian soil, cow manure, and swine manure. Stream samples were collected during two storm events, and the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phosphorous (DOP) from these OM sources and stream samples were assessed. DOM indicators using fluorescence spectroscopy, including HIX, FI, BIX, and EEM-PARAFAC, were evaluated in terms of their relevance in discerning DOM sources during storm events. Representative DOM descriptors were chosen based on specific criteria, such as value ranges and pronounced differences between low and high-flow periods. Consequently, the spectral slope ratio (S_R) paired with fluorescence index (FI) using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) proved to be suitable for estimating the contribution of organic carbon (OC). The contribution of each organic phosphorous (OP) in stream samples was determined using the phosphorous-to-carbon (P/C) ratio in conjunction with the OC contribution. Notably, OP derived from swine manure in stream samples was found to make the most dominant contribution, ranging from 61.3% to 94.2% (average 78.1% ± 12.7%). The results of this research offer valuable insights into the selection of suitable indicators to recognize various OM sources and highlight the main sources of OP in forested-agricultural watersheds.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.663-668
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• 2012

The feasibility of enhancing biological nutrient removal from an industrial wastewater was tested with food waste leachate and sugar liquid waste as external carbon sources. Long term influences of adding external carbon sources were investigated to see how the biological nutrient removal process worked in terms of the removal efficiency. The addition of the external carbons led to a significant improvement in the removal efficiency of nutrients: from 49% to approximately 76% for nitrogen and from 64% to around 80% for phosphorus. Approximately, 20% of the removal nitrogen was synthesized into biomass, while the remaining 80% was denitrified. Though the addition of external carbon sources improved nutrient removal, it also increased the waste sludge production substantially. The optimal observed BOD/TN ratio, based on nitrogen removal and sludge production, was around 4.0 in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1632-1638
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• 2016

A study was conducted to compare the endogenous basal losses of phosphorus (EBLP) in pigs fed diets containing gelatin (GEL) or spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) as protein sources and to determine the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P) in SDPP. The trial was carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Twelve castrated pigs with an initial body weight of 55 kg were individually allotted in metabolic crates during two 12-day periods, each with 7 days of adaptation and 5 days of total fecal collection. The beginning and the end of the collecting periods were determined according to the marker-to-marker approach, using ferric oxide as an indigestible marker. Pigs were submitted to four semi-purified diets, one being a P-free diet with 30% of GEL as the protein source and three were diets with 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion of SDPP respectively. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the model included the effects of period, animal and treatments; the results of the three diets with increased levels of SDPP were subjected to linear regression analysis. The intercept of the relation of between ingested P and absorbed P represented the EBLP, while the slope indicated the STTD of P in SDPP. The EBLP means obtained by P-free diet and regression method were compared with the Student t test. The EBLP were 128.95 mg/kg dry matter intake (DMI) and 153.63 mg/kg DMI (standard error = 77.0; p<0.06) using the P-free diet with GEL as the protein source and the regression method, obtained with diets containing increased levels of SDPP, respectively. The apparent digestibility of P was 87.9%, 94.2%, and 92.9% for the treatments containing 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion of SDPP, respectively. The estimated STTD of P obtained with the linear regression was 97.4%. When the EBLP estimated by the P-free diet was used to corrected the apparent digestibility of P in diets containing SDPP, the STTD of P in SDPP was 96.9%, 98.8%, and 95.9% for 10%, 20%, and 30% SDPP, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that SDPP can replace GEL to estimate the endogenous losses of P. In addition, the STTD of P in SDPP estimated with the P-free diet was 97.2% and it was 97.4% by the regression method, utilizing SDPP.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 1999

실제 농민들이 벼를 경작하는 상태에서 논에 시비된 비료성분 가운데 수계 환경에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 질소와 인산을 대상으로 강우크기에 따른 유출량과 유출특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 강우크기에 따른 질소와 인산의 유출특성 및 유출량을 비교한 결과, 동일한 강우크기 조건하에서도 질소와 인산의 유출량이 상당한 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 강우-유출 과정중 영양물질의 유출량은 강우크기가 절대적으로 영향을 미치겠지만 그 밖에 선행강우량 및 논물담수심과 같은 유출수문조건, 비료시비 및 영농여부, 비영농기간중 논토양 관리형태에 따라 유출량이 다르게 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1977

인산감수성(燐酸感受性)이 다른 9개대두재배종(個大豆栽培種) Lee, Hill, Harosoy, Clark-63, Chippewa 및 R56-49을 서로 다른 질소원(窒素源)으로 수경재배(水耕栽培)하여 엽중유리당(葉中遊離糖)과 유기산(有機酸)을 gas chronatograph로 조사(調査)하여 미동정(未同定)의 X, Y peak와 Sucrose peak가 주(主) peak로 나타났다. X 화합물(化合物)은 NO3-N 급여(給與)경우 흔적으로 나타난데 반하여 NH4-N나 urea 급여(給與)경우에 다량(多量)나타났다. Y 화합물(化合物)을 Urea 급여(給與)경우 감소하는 경향이었다. Sucrose는 NH4-N 급여(給與)에서 흔적으로 나타나고 Urea에서 NO3-N에서보다 높았다. X 화합물(化合物)은 erythrose에서 유래(由來)한 4 탄소(炭素) 산성당(酸性糖)이거나 Purine이나 Pyrimidine에서 유래(由來)한 환상화합물(環狀化合物)로 Y 화합물(化合物)은 glycolysis path에서 유래(由來)한 6 탄당(炭糖)으로 추정(推定)되었다. Y/X 치(値)는 인산감수성(燐酸感受性)의 좋은 지표(指標)가 되므로(역관계(逆關係)) 이 두 화합물(化合物)은 ammonia 독작용(毒作用) 및 인산감수성(燐酸感受性) 기작(機作)에 관여(關與)하는 요인화합물(要因化合物)로 보였다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.739-746
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• 1999

Discharge characteristics of organic materials and nutrients were estimated in the catchment area of relaimed area-Saemankeum-. Discharge load of BOD5 was high in the domestic system, while nitrogen and phosphorous were discharged mainly from the livestock system and the land . Load was so dependent on the precipitation that it increased in the rainy season, particulary in nitrogen and phosphorus. Loads from nonpoint sources in this area were higher compared with others.