• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.204-211
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• 1995

인지질 그 자체만으로는 안정한 이중층 리포좀을 형성하지 못하는 불포화 PE(DOPE)에 palmitoyl가 가 결합된 항체(p-IgG)를 지질층에 삽입시켜 lmm t unoliposome을 제조하고 그 특성에 관하여 살펴 보 았다. 우선 안정된 리포좀을 제조하기 위해서 고려 해야할 인자들로 항체 가공방법, 지질과 항체와의 몰 비, 그리고 각종 첨가제들에 대한 최적 조건을 조 사하였다. 예를 들면 p-IgG와 lipid의 볼비를 $2.5{\times}10^{-4}$ 으로 했을 때 안정한 리포좀을 만들 수 있었으며, 첨가제로 들어가는 DOC의 경우 최종 농도가 O.09wt % 일 때 calcein의 포집률이 최대가 되었고 c calcein의 최종 pH는 8.5~9.5 정도에서 안정한 라포좀이 제조될 수 있었다. 다중 빛 단일클론의 항체 를 삽입한 리포좀을 표면항원을 가진 표적세포와 결합시켰을 때 리포좀이 와해되면셔 포집된 calcein이 방출되는 것으로 보아 삽입된 p-IgG가 PE 리포좀을 형성하는데 필수척임을 알 수 있었다. 또 같은 리포좀을 비특이적인 세포와 접촉시켰을 때에는 아무 런 변화를 보이지 않아 calcein 방출이 항원-항체 반응에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었고 이로부터 표적 민 감성 PE 리포좀이 만들어졌음을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.529-539
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• 1998

The effects of membrane surface charge originated from lipid head groups on ion channels were tested by analyzing the activity of single large conductance $Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+$ (maxi K) channel from rat skeletal muscle. The conductances and open-state probability ($P_o$) of single maxi K channels were compared in three types of planar lipid bilayers formed from a neutral phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or two negatively-charged phospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Under symmetrical KCl concentrations $(3{\sim}1,000\;mM)$, single channel conductances of maxi K channels in charged membranes were $1.1{\sim}1.7$ times larger than those in PE membranes, and the differences were more pronounced at the lower ionic strength. The average slope conductances at 100 mM KCl were $251{\pm}9.9$, $360{\pm}8.7$ and $356{\pm}12.4$ $(mean{\pm}SEM)$ pS in PE, PS and PI membranes respectively. The potentials at which $P_o$ was 1/2, appeared to have shifted left by 40 mV along voltage axis in the membranes formed with PS or PI. Such shift was consistently seen at pCa 5, 4.5, 4 and 3.5. Estimation of the effect of surface charge from these data indicated that maxi K channels sensed the surface potentials at a distance of $8{\sim}9\;{\AA}$ from the membrane surface. In addition, similar insulation distance ($7{\sim}9\;{\AA}$) of channel mouth from the bilayer surface charge was predicted by a 3-barrier-2-site model of energy profile for the permeation of $K^+$ ions. In conclusion, despite the differences in structure and fluidity of phospholipids in bilayers, the activities of maxi K channels in two charged membranes composed of PS or PI were strikingly similar and larger than those in bilayers of PE. These results suggest that the enhancement of conductance and $P_o$ of maxi channels is mostly due to negative charges in the phospholipid head groups.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2020

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects approximately one third of the human population worldwide. Considering the toxicity and side effects of anti-toxoplasma medications, it is important to develop effective drug alternatives with fewer and less severe off-target effects. In this study, we found that 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBA) induced autophagy and the expression of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Interestingly, treatment of BMDMs with 4-HBA significantly reduced the number of macrophages infected with T. gondii and the proliferation of T. gondii in infected cells. This effect was impaired by pretreating the macrophages with 3-methyladenine or wortmannin (selective autophagy inhibitors) or with sirtinol or EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitors). Moreover, we found that pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 prevented 4-HBA-mediated expression of LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II) and the colocalization of T. gondii parasitophorous vacuoles with autophagosomes in BMDMs. These data suggest that 4-HBA promotes antiparasitic host responses by activating SIRT1-mediated autophagy, and 4-HBA might be a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2003

Streptomyces viridochromogenes 야생형과 기중균사 형성 변이주들의 지질과 지방산의 조성을 배양온도와 배양시간에 따라 조사하였다. Triacylglycerol은 기중균사가 형성되는 경우에만 감소되어 기중균사 형성과 연관되어 있음을 나타내었다. 인지질의 경우에는 배양조건에 따른 특이적 변화를 볼 수 없었으나, 기중균사 형성능이 상실된 변이주 BR2가 $20^{\circ}C$에서 배양되었을 매 phosphatidylethanolamine 조성이 특이하게 높게 나타났다. 그리고 변이주 BR2는$20^{\circ}C$및 $30^{\circ}C$ 배양 시 다양한 $R_{f}$ 간의 동정되지 않은 아미노지질들을 함유하였다. 모든 균주에서 아미노지질의 일종인 ornithinolipid는 배양시간이 경과되면서 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 지방산조성은 온도에 민감하여 배양온도가 높을수록 불포화지방산 함량이 낮아졌다. 기중균사 형성은 직쇄형 포화지방산의 함량 감소를 수반하였으며, 기중균사 생성능이 우수한 변이주 M13은 배양초기의 직쇄형 포화지방산 함량이 가장 높았다. 변이주 BR2는 iso형 홀수탄소 지방산의 함량이 특이적으로 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.66-68
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• 1987

헥산으로 추출한 대두유의 탈취유와 클로로포름-메타놀로 추출한 대두원유내에 존재하는 인지질의 정성정량 분석을 고성능 액체크로마토그라피를 사용하여 행하였다. 헥산으로 추출한 대두원유, 탈검유, 정제유, 탈색유 및 탈취유의 인함량은 각각 510, 120, 5, 1.4. 1ppm이었으며 클로로포름-메타놀로 추출한 대두원유의 인함량은 800ppm이었다. 원유내에서 확인된 인지질은 포스파터딜콜린, 포스파티딜에타놀아민, 포스파티딜이노시틀, 포스파티딜세린, 포스파티딜산이었으며, 탈취유에서는 포스파티딜세린과 포스파티딜에타놀아민만이 검출되었다. 이 분석방법을 사용하면 대두유내의 모든 인지질을 30분이내에 개별적으로 분리하고, 0.1ppm수준까지 정량분석할수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.855-861
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• 2022

A white-pigmented, non-motile, gram-negative, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated CYS-02^T, was isolated from soil sampled at Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic, grew optimally at 20-28℃ and hydrolyzed Tween 40. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CYS-02^T formed a lineage within the family Comamonadaceae and clustered as members of the genus Variovorax. The closest members were Variovorax guangxiensis DSM 27352^T (98.6% sequence similarity), Variovorax paradoxus NBRC 15149^T (98.5%), and Variovorax gossypii JM-310^T (98.3%). The principal respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the major polar lipids contain phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylethanolamine (PG), and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C_16:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c). The DNA GC content was 67.7 mol%. The ANI and dDDH values between strain CYS-02T and the closest members in the genus Variovorax were ≤ 79.0 and 22.4%, respectively, and the AAI and POCP values between CYS-02^T and the other related species in the family Comamonadaceae were > 70% and > 50%, respectively. The genome of strain CYS-02^T showed a putative terpene biosynthetic cluster responsible for antioxidant activity which was supported by DPPH radical scavenging activity test. Based on genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain CYS-02^T was classified into a novel species in the genus Variovorax, for which the name Variovorax terrae sp. nov., has been proposed. The type strain is CYS-02^T (= KACC 22656^T = NBRC 00115645^T).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1441-1446
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• 2009

Composition of intramuscular lipids, phospholipid classes and phospholipid molecular species in traditional Chinese duck meat products was investigated. Free fatty acids and phospholipids were identified and quantified by gas and high performance liquid chromatography, and phospholipid molecular species were determined by mass spectrometry. The results showed that raw duck meat had high quantities of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The percentages of phospholipid classes decreased during three kinds of processing of duck meat products. A selective degradation of phospholipid molecular species with polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in dry-cured duck, but was not found in roasted and water-boiled duck products.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.80-89
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• 1994

The effects of amphotericin B (150 $\mu$g/ml) and cycloheximide (10 $\mu$g/ml) on the biosynthesis of phospholipid and their fatty acid composition in chloroplast isolated from Chlorella were analyzed to compare with control. The levels of total lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the group treated with antibiotics were decreased. However, the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) was not affected by antibiotics. The major fatty acid in chloroplast envelope was linolenic acid (27.71%) in control and stearic acid (21.59%) in the group treated with amphotericin B. It was showed that the group treated with cycloheximide contained more unsaturated fatty acid than the control.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.114-123
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• 1996

Escherichia coli에 copper chloride 50 ppm, manganese chloride 100 ppm, nickel chloride 100 ppm을 각각 처리하여 세포를 배양하는 동안에 이들 세포에서 일어나는 인지질 생합성 및 지방산 조성의 변화를 대조구와 비교하여 분석하였다. 세포의 생장과 total lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin은 대조구조에 비해 금속 화합물 처리구에서 저해되었는데 nickel chloride가 가장 큰 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 phosphatidylinositol은 금속화합물의 영향을 받지 않았다. 인지질 생합성에 이용된 주요 지방산은 대조구는 palmitic acid(평균 25.47%)와 palmitoleic acid(평균 12.27%)가 인지질 생합성에 도입되었고 copper chloride 처리구는 palmitic acid(평균 30.13%)와 stearic acid(평균 9.12%)로 나타났다. manganese chloride 처리구와 nickel chloride 처리구에서는 모두 palmitic acid(평균 24.16%, 평균 21.77%)와 linoleic acid(평균 9.48%, 평균 11.88%)가 인지질 생합성에 이용된 주요 지방산으로 분석되었다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain was tested to confirm the interactions with the bilayer membrane using $^{31}P$ solid-state NMR measurements. Syndecan-4 was known as a coreceptor with integrins in the cell adhesion. The syndecan-4 V region is not understood of its functional roles and tested its ability of the interaction with multilamellar vesicles. The $^{31}P$ powder pattern was dramatically changed and showed isotropic peak which imply the bilayer membrane changed its topology to the micelle-like structure. Especially, phosphatidylcholine membrane was affected this effect more than phosphatidylethanolamine membrane.