• Title/Summary/Keyword: Philippines

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Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop (제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術))

  • Kim, Kil-Ung;Park, Kwang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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Estimation of Potential Water Resources in Mega Cities in Asia

  • Takuya, Komura;Toshitsugu, Moroizumi;Kenji, Okubo;Hiroaki, Furumai;Yoshiro, Ono
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2008
  • The water shortage in mega cities in Asia, which face a rapid growth in urban population, is an outstanding problem. It is important, therefore, to accurately estimate the water balance in each city in order to use the limited water resources effectively. In this study, we estimated the potential water resources in し sixteen mega cities in Asia. The target cities were Delhi and Calcutta, India; Colombo, Sri Lanka; Dhaka, Bangladesh; Yangon, Myanmar; Bangkok, Thailand; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Singapore; Jakarta, Indonesia; Hanoi, Vietnam; Beijing and Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China; Seoul, the People's Republic of Korea; Manila, the Philippines, and Sapporo and Tokyo, Japan. The potential water resources were estimated by subtracting the actual evaporation from the amount of rainfall. The actual evaporation was estimated using the potential evaporation obtained by Hamon's equation which requires the air temperature and the possible hours of sunshine. When the results of Hamon's and Penman's evaporation equations were compared, a considerable error appeared in the low latitude region. The estimation using Hamon's equation was corrected with the linear regression line of Hamon's and Penman's equations. A classification of the land cover was carried out based on satellite photographs of the target cities, and the volume of surface runoff for each city was obtained using the runoff ratios which depended on the land cover. As a result, the potential water resources in the above mega cities in Asia were found to be greater than the world average. However, the actual water resources which are available for one person to use are probably very limited.

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Glehnia littoralis Root Extract Induces G0/G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in the MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

  • de la Cruz, Joseph Flores;Vergara, Emil Joseph Sanvictores;Cho, Yura;Hong, Hee Ok;Oyungerel, Baatartsogt;Hwang, Seong Gu
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.18
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    • pp.8113-8117
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    • 2016
  • Glehnia littoralis (GL) is widely used as an oriental medicine for cough, fever, stroke and other disease conditions. However, the anti-cancer properties of GL on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have not been investigated. In order to elucidate anti-cancer properties and underlying cell death mechanisms, MCF-7cells ($5{\times}10^4/well$) were treated with Glehnia littoralis root extract at 0-400 ug/ml. A hot water extract of GL root inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the cell cycle after treatment of MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of GL root extract for 24 hours showed significant cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis both revealed that GL root extract significantly increased the expression of p21 and p27 with an accompanying decrease in both CDK4 and cyclin D1. Our reuslts indicated that GL root extract arrested the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in G1 phase through inhibition of CDK4 and cyclin D1 via increased induction of p21 and p27. In summary, the current study showed that GL could serve as a potential source of chemotherapeutic or chemopreventative agents against human breast cancer.

Mothers' Parenting Stress in Multi-Cultural Families (영유아기 자녀를 둔 다문화가정 어머니의 양육 스트레스)

  • Choi, Na-Ya;Woo, Hyun-Kyung;Jung, Hyun-Sim;Park, Hye-Jun;Yi, Soon-Hyung
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.255-268
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to deepen our understanding about mothers' parenting stress in multi-cultural families. The study was conducted through in-depth interviews of 6 mothers from Mongolia, Philippines, and Japan who were living in Seoul. The findings of this study were as follows. First, mothers of multi-cultural families had difficulties of giving birth and child rearing, especially in the earliest years of their children. They were not fully adapted to the ways of living in Korea with little social support from family members and neighbors. Second, they were worried about their children's development, particularly language development due to their lack of understanding and fluency in Korean. Third, they were concerned about the cultural and racial discrimination against their children. They expected their children to be treated and respected equally like ordinary Korean children. Fourth, they were anxious about the fact that their children might not acquire the basic academic skills before they enter the elementary schools. Furthermore, they were worried that their children might not get as much educational support as they want. Fifth, despite the burden of mother's role in Korea, they wished to get a job to support their children for better education. In conclusion, the marriage immigrant mothers experienced the stress due to the lack of social support, the discrimination against immigrants, the possibilities of their children's delays in development, the disparity in the level of support for educating their children and the high expectations about their children's education in Korean society. Therefore it is necessary for the policy makers to consider more practical support system for the multi-cultural families in order for the marriage immigrant mothers to build up self-confidence in child rearing and educating their children.

Quality Evaluation and Physical Identification of Irradiated Dried Fruits (감마선 조사 건조과일의 품질평가 및 물리적 판별)

  • Jung, Jae-Hoon;Jung, Yoonmi;Jo, Deokjo;Kwon, Joong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.11
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    • pp.1559-1564
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    • 2012
  • Raisins (Thailand), dried mangos (Philippines), and dried figs (Iran) were gamma-irradiated (0~5 kGy), and their quality and detection characteristics were investigated. Microbiological characteristics were at safe levels when samples were irradiated at higher than 3 kGy. In color change after irradiation, dried mangoes were the most sensitive. Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) measurement was not applicable to dried fruits, showing negative or intermediate values for the irradiated samples. Thermoluminescence (TL) measurement was good for dried figs, exhibiting a glow curve in range of $150{\sim}200^{\circ}C$, where the signal intensity was dependent on the irradiation dose. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement was suitable for raisins and dried mangos, resulting in dose-dependent radiation-induced sugar radical signals.

Health Literacy and Its Associated Factors in Korean-Chinese and Other Asian Immigrant Women in Korea (조선족과 다른 출신국 여성결혼이민자의 건강문해력과 영향 요인 비교)

  • Yang, Sook Ja;Chee, Yeon Kyung;An, Jisook;Park, Min Hee;Jung, Sunok
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.211-227
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health literacy levels of Asian immigrant women and factors associated with health literacy focusing on Korean-Chinese and other Asian immigrants in Korea. Methods: Data were drawn from 258 immigrant women, comprising 56 Korean-Chinese and 202 other immigrants from the Philippines, Vietnam, Japan, Cambodia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Taiwan, and Han-Chinese. The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine - Short Form (REALM-SF) was used to assess health literacy, which consisted of seven medical words in Korean (behavior, exercise, menopause, rectal, antibiotics, anemia, and jaundice). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with $Sch{\acute{e}}ffe$ post hoc test, and hierarchical regression. Results: Korean-Chinese women showed significantly higher levels of health literacy ($M=6.41{\pm}1.07$), compared to their other immigrant counterparts ($M=4.55{\pm}2.15$). While Korean-Chinese women with longer time since immigration (p=.048) reported higher health literacy, for other immigrants, those living with children (p<.001), longer time since immigration (p=.011), and greater Korean language proficiency (p=.004) showed an association with higher health literacy. Conclusion: When providing health care services and health education, health care professionals should consider differences in levels of health literacy and factors associated with health literacy among Korean Chinese and other immigrants.

The Controversy Surrounding the Use of Underwater Drones and the Position of Korea (수중드론 운용에 관한 국제법적 논란과 대한민국의 전략)

  • Lee, Ki-Beom
    • Strategy21
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    • s.41
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    • pp.153-173
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    • 2017
  • On 15 December 2015, China seized an underwater drone belonging to the U.S. in the South China Sea. The underwater drone was then about to be retrieved by the Bowditch, a U.S. naval ship.Although China returned the underwater drone to the U.S. on 20 December 2016, the incident resulted in the considerable controversy involving the use of underwater drones. The reason for this is that the seizure of the underwater drone happened in the exclusive economic zone (hereafter referred to as "EEZ") of the Philippines. Part XIII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereafter referred to as "UNCLOS") governs the matters of marine scientific research (hereafter referred to as "MSR"). If a State intends to use an underwater drone in the EEZ of another coastal State for the purpose of MSR, the former has to obtain the consent of the latter in accordance with relevant provisions included in Part XIII of the UNCLOS. However, it is not obvious whether the consent of a coastal State should be required to launch an underwater drone in the EEZ of the State for the purpose of hydrographic surveying or military surveying. Maritime powers such as the U.S. regard hydrographic surveying or military surveying as part of "other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms, such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables and pipelines" found in Article 58(1) of the UNCLOS, or part of the freedom of the high seas. This interpretation is not incompatible with the implications that the UNCLOS has. Nevertheless, Korea cannot accept this kind of interpretation that is supported by maritime powers. The freedom of hydrographic surveying or military surveying could imply that the EEZ of Korea would be full of underwater drones launched by China, Japan or even Russia. Hence, Korea should claim that the data collected for the purpose of MSR cannot be distinguished from that collected for the purpose of hydrographic surveying or military surveying. This means that hydrographic surveying or military surveying without the consent of a coastal State in the EEZ of the State should not be permitted.

Case Study for Test of Practical Competency in ICT (정보통신 실무역량 평가에 대한 사례연구)

  • Shim, Jang-sup;Jeong, Jea-hun;Ihm, Seung-ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.67-70
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    • 2015
  • This paper describes a one of HRD Program focus on ICT technology called TOPCIT as that companies and higher education providers voiced the need for a standardized, objective competency index that can reinforce the on-site competency of college students majoring in ICT/SW. And reduce the gap between the viewpoints of industrial and academic circles regarding the qualifications of a competent specialist in ICT field. For this reason, T.OPCIT developed and evaluated a performance-evaluation-centered test designed to diagnose and assess the competency of ICT specialists and SW developers critically needed to perform jobs on the professional frontier. This TOPCIT concept has been promoted not just in KOREA but in many ASEAN countries, e.g Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan, Philippines, Mongolia and Cambodia during the ICTD-USO Forum organised by ITU-ASP.

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Change in Western Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity by Western North Pacific Teleconnection Pattern (북서태평양 원격패턴에 의한 북서태평양 태풍활동에서의 변화)

  • Choi, Jae-Won;Kim, Jeoung-Yun;Lee, Seung-Wook
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.24 no.11
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    • pp.1371-1384
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    • 2015
  • This study analyzes the characteristics of Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and large-scale environments according to the Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern in summer. In the positive WP phase, an anomalous cyclone and an anomalous anticyclone develop in the low and middle latitudes of the East Asia, respectively. As a result, southeasterlies are reinforced in the northeast area of the East Asia including Korea and Japan which facilitates the movement of TC to this area, whereas northwesterlies are reinforced in the southwest area of the East Asia including South China and Indochina Peninsula which blocks the movement of TC to this area. Due to the spatial distribution of this reinforced pressure system, TCs develop, move, and turn more to the northeast of WNP than those in the negative WP phase. Consequently, the characteristics of this TC activity in the positive WP phase are associated with the location of upper tropospheric jet further to the northeast. Meanwhile, TCs in the negative WP phase mainly move to the west from Philippines toward south China and Indochina Peninsula. Furthermore, due to the terrain effect caused by the high passage frequency of TCs in the mainland China, the intensity of TCs are weaker than those in the positive WP phase.

Studies on the Physiological Characteristics of Bacterial Leaf Blight Pathogen of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae Dowson (벼 흰빛잎마름병균의 생리적 성상에 관한 시험)

  • Choi Yong Chul;Lee Kyung Whee;Cho Eui Kyoo
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.97-101
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    • 1971
  • 1. The experiment was conducted to investigate the physiological characteristics on ten isolates of bacterial leaf blight pathogen of rice, Xanthomenas eryzae Dowson. Seven out of tin isolates were isolated from infected leaves of various rice varieties including IR strains in Korea. Isolates S-20 and S-103 were originated from IRRI in Philippines, and isolate H-5809 was allocated by National Institute of Agricultural Science in Japan. 2. All isolates Produced hydrogen sulfide and ammonia 9as from peptone sol. media, and reduced methylen blue, Gelatin liquefaction occurred by all isolates tested, although each isolate showed different degree of liquefaction No coagulation of the casein in milk by the isolates was observed, though some amount of acid production occurred in litmus milk by ail isolates tested. 3. All isolates utilized glucose and galactose, and slight utilization of esculin, mannitol, raffinose, salicin and saccharose was observed. Lactose, starch and dextrin, however, were not utilized at all by all isolates tested in the study.

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