• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 1982

느릅나무근(根) 점액(粘液)은 단백질(蛋白質)을 함유(含有)하며 그 함량(含量)은 황촉규근(黃蜀葵根) 점액(粘液)의 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量)보다 크다. 점액(粘液)에서 alanine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, proline, phenylalanine 및 tyrsine 등(等) 아미노산(酸_이 검출(檢出)되고 또 이 점액(粘液)에 무수(無水) ethanol을 가(加)하여 얻은 점질물(粘質物)의 가수분해(加水分解) 생성물(生成物)에서는 alanine, aspargine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, serine, tyrosine 그리고 valine등(等) 여러 종류(種類)의 아미노산(酸)이 검출(檢出)되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 1985

Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 이용하여 합성배지중 질소원을 변화시키면서 생성된 향기성분을 조사한 결과 아미노산에 따라서 향기의 변화가 크게 나타났으며 특히 aspartic acid 배지는 전통적인 탁주향기, leucine배지는 휴젤유취 그리고 phenylalanine배지는 꽃향기등 흥미있는 향기를 발산하였다. 이들 배양액의 휘발성 화합물을 GC를 사용하여 분석한 결과 ethanol, iso-amyl alcohol, n-propanol이 주된 성분으로 밝혀졌으며 이외에 aspartic acid 배지에서는 phenethyl alcohol이 그리고 phenylalanine배지에서는 상당량의 phenethyl alcohol과 phenethyl acetate가 검출되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1998

A study was carried out to elucidate the relation between the production of flavonol glycosides and the change of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in cell suspension cultures of Ginkgo biloba by the unassisted and synergistic effects of various factors. The quercetin production showed a mixed-growth-associated pattern in cell suspension cultures. Fluorescent light and UV radiation increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and resulted in the increase of the production of quercetin and kaempferol ten- and four-fold, respectively, as compared to that obtained in the normal culture condition. The cell growth of Ginkgo biloba was enhanced .at higher temperatures whereas the quercetin production was at its maximum at low temperatures. Moreover, the quercetin production was increased by temperature change during the culture period. In particular, the quercetin production was at the highest level when the culture temperature was elevated from $10^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C$. The addition of phenylalanine as a precursor in the culture medium stimulated an 8-fold increase in the production of quercetin; the addition of naringenin caused a l0-fold increase. The quercetin production was also greatly increased by feeding enzyme cofactors such as 2-ketoglutarate and ascorbic acid in the culture medium, but specific PAL activity was not increased except with phenylalanine feeding. The synergistic effect of UV radiation and naringenin feeding was observed, resulting in the increase of flavonol glycoside production at a rate higher than in any other case investigated.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.246-249
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• 2007

Phenylalnine은 enkephalin, endorphine의 분해를 촉진하는 carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase의 작용을 억제하는 필수아미노산으로 식욕억제, 정서 안정, 통증, 기분조절 관련 아미노산이다. 자연계의 L-phenylalanine과 비교하여 물리화학적 당량반응으로 구조가 보다 안정한 DL-phenylalnine(DLPA)을 소재로 가공적성을 조사하였다. DLPA는 $60^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도와 농도변화에서 용해 시 98%T 이상의 값을 나타내어 가공 적합성을 보였고, 다양한 pH 범위에서도 99%T 이상의 값을 보여 용해 안정성을 확인하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1984

The derivatives of N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester, N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (7a), -valine methyl ester (8a), -phenylalanine methyl ester (9a), N-(N'-methylcarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (7b), -valine methyl ester (8b), and-phenylalanine methyl ester (9b), were prepared by reacting the corresponding free amino acid methyl ester (glycine-, valine-, phenylalanine-methyl ester) with isocyanate (R-N=C=O${\cdot};R=Cl-CH_2-CH_2-or\; CH_3-)$. The prepared N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl esters (7,8,9) were treated with $NaNO_2$/98% HCOOH in order to obtain their nitrosoated products, N-(alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbmoyl)amino acid methyl ester. The compound (7,8,9) gave N-(2-chloroethyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl)-valine methyl ester (14a),-phenylalanine methyl ester (15a), N-(N'-alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (13b),-valine methyl ester. (14b), and-phenylalanine methyl ester (15b) respectively under the nitrosoation. On the other hand, N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl) glycine methyl ester produced N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl)-N-nitrosoglycine methyl ester (13a). The inhibitory activity of the prepared N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester (7,8,9) and N-(alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester (13,14,15) towards the growth of L1210 murine leukemia cells were examined. Among them the compound (14a) and (15a) exhibit excellent activity having $ED_{50}\; to\;be\;1.5{\mu}g/ml\;and\;3.0{\mu}g/ml respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1375-1382
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• 2019

Phenylalanine hydroxylase from Chromobacterium violaceum (CvPAH) is a monomeric enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. It shares high amino acid identity and similar structure with a subunit of human phenylalanine hydroxylase that is a tetramer, resulting in the latent application in medications. In this study, semirational design was applied to CvPAH to improve the catalytic ability based on molecular dynamics simulation analyses. Four N-terminal truncated variants and one single point variant were constructed and characterized. The D267P variant showed a 2.1-fold increased thermal stability compared to the wild type, but lower specific activity was noted compared with the wild type. The specific activity of all truncated variants was a greater than 25% increase compared to the wild type, and these variants showed similar or slightly decreased thermostability with the exception of the $N-{\Delta}9$ variant. Notably, the $N-{\Delta}9$ variant exhibited a 1.2-fold increased specific activity, a 1.3-fold increased thermostability and considerably increased catalytic activity under the neutral environment compared with the wild type. These properties of the $N-{\Delta}9$ variant could advance medical and pharmaceutical applications of CvPAH. Our findings indicate that the N-terminus might modulate substrate binding, and are directives for further modification and functional research of PAH and other enzymes.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2006

Monolithic molecularly imprinted columns were designed and prepared by an in-situ thermal-initiated copolymerization technique for rapid separation of tryptophan and N- CBZ-phenylalanine enantiomers. The influence of polymerization conditions and separation conditions on the specific molecular recognition ability for enantiomers and diastereomers was investigated. The specious molecular recognition was found to be dependent on the stereo structures and the arrangement of functional groups of the imprinted molecule and the cavities in the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Moreover, hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic interactions played an important role in the retention and separation. Compared to conventional MIP preparation procedures, the present method is very simple, and its macroporous structure has excellent separation properties.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 1996

Hairy roots induced from stems of Rubia cordifolia var. pratensis were cultured in the liquid medium under a variety of auxins to find the optimal condition for the growth and production of pigments. Culture of the hairy roots on NN liquid medium containing NAA 0.5 mg/l was best for growth of hairy roots. Production of yellow anthraquinone derivatives and purpurin in hairy roots was enhanced by the culture on NN liquid medium without auxins. Effects of L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and juglone, synthesized via the shikimic acid pathway, on growth and production of pigments in hairy roots were studied in the present study. Concentration of exogeneous L-phenylalanine. L-tyrosine and juglone in liquid culture system of hairy root containing NAA 0.1 mg/l was decreased quickly in its early stages of the culture period. Addition of juglone to NN liquid medium containing NAA 0.1 mg/l enhanced the productivity of pigments in hairy roots.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.622-629
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• 2010

Biosynthetic studies on brasiliamides, potently convulsive and bacteriostatic compounds from an endophytic Penicillium brasilianum isolated from Melia azedarach (Meliaceae), confirms their phenylpropanoid origin, which is very uncommon in fungi. Feeding experiments with [$2-^{13}C$]-phenylalanine indicated the incorporation of two units of this amino acid on brasiliamide structures. The first step in the phenylpropanoid pathway to those compounds was evaluated through enzymatic bioassays and confirmed the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) participation. The metabolism of phenylalanine in this fungus is discussed.

• 생약학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.185-188
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• 1973

In Cnidium officinale $M_{AKINO}$ and Platycodon grandiflorum A. $D_E\;C_{ANDOLE}$, chlorogenic acid was identified by Rf values, color reactions on paper chromatograms and UV-absorption spectra of the eluate of phenolic spots. And isochlorogeni acid-like substance was also found in the former. $1-Phenylalanine-U-C^{14}$ and sodium $acetate-2-C^{14}$ werse fed to both plants and their incorporation ratio to chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid-like substance was compared. Phenylalanine was better precursor for chlorogenic acid in both plants than acetate. But acetate showed higher incorporation ratio to isochlorogenic acid-like substance in Cnidium officinale than that of phenylalanine.