• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.21 no.4 s.53
• /
• pp.222-226
• /
• 1982

Changes in levels of phenolic compounds such as total phenols, flavonols and anthocyanins in Macrophoma-infected apples were studied at various developmental stages of apple fruits. The amounts of total phenols in apple fruit flesh and peel drastically decreased as apples became mature. Apple rot resulted in concentration of total phenols somewhat lower than those of healthy apple flesh. The decline in amount of total phenols was distinct in infected fruit flesh of the cultivar Fuji, which was more susceptible to Macrophoma sp. than the cultivar Miller. Higher amounts of total phenols were found in infected than in heathy fruit peel. In the case of the cultivar Miller, increased accumulation of total phenols was pronounced in infected peel. Apple rot resulted in concentrations of flavonols much higher than those of healthy apples. In particular, the drastically increased accumulation of flavonols was detected in infected peel at the first collection on 10 July, when the cultivars tested were completely resistant to Macrophoma sp. Production of anthocyanins was increased considerably by apple rot: anthocyanins in infected fruits of the cultivar Miller increased markedly as compared with their concentration from healthy fruits. These results suggest that the altered phenolic metabolism in apple fruits may be associated with the development of apple rot.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.817-823
• /
• 2011

Angelicae gigas Nakai has been used as a traditional medicine as well as an edible vegetable in South Korea. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidants of A. gigas Nakai leaves were examined in vitro via hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity, reducing power activity, metal chelating assay, and DPPH-free -radical-scavenging assay. Among all the extracts from A. gigas Nakai leaves, the ethanol extract showed the strongest effects in all of the assays. The $EC_{50}$ values for the DPPH-radical-scavenging activities of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were 31.47, 42.14, and $58.47{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Among the extracts from A. gigas Kakai leaves, the ethanol extract had the highest levels of total phenolics ($7.84{\pm}1.46$ mg TAN/g) and total flavonoids ($4.23{\pm}0.03$ mg QE/g), which correlated strongly with the individual phenolic-compound (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, and trans-ferulic acid) contents. The ethanol extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity than tocopherol in hydroxyl- radical-scavenging activity assay. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of A. gigas Kakai leaves possesses significant antioxidant properties, which suggests its great potential as a functional-food ingredient in the food industry.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.200-208
• /
• 2020

Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been used in traditional medicine. The type of light source has an effect on the growth properties and composition of functional compounds in plants. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different artificial light sources on the growth characteristics as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of S. miltiorrhiza. Methods and Results: Seedlings of S. miltiorrhiza were grown under various artificial light sources, including fluorescent light (FL), light emitting diode (LED), and microwave electrodeless light (MEL), for 8 weeks. Growth characteristics were the best in plants treated with MEL. DPPH scavenging activity of the shoot was more pronounced with the FL treatments, while the roots were more active in plants grown under single wavelength lights (i.e., blue and red LEDs). Among the different light source treatments, the blue LED resulted in a higher total phenolic content in the plants. Furthermore, growing plants growth under the red LED enhanced their total flavonoid content. Notably, the antimicrobial properties of plants varied significantly between light source treatments in this study. Except for E. coli, all the tested microorganisms were susceptible to the plant extracts. Conclusions: The type of light source may be an important parameter for the enhancement of plant growth and functional compounds in S. miltiorrhiza.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.312-320
• /
• 2015

Total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant components of cabbage leaf samples derived from different cultivar were determined. Total phenol compound content showed the highest amount in methanol extracts from ‘YR Howol’ cultivar (11.72 ㎎/g), followed by ‘Harutame’ (10.66㎎/g), ‘Winstar’ (10.34 ㎎/g) and YR Hero (10.20 ㎎/g). The highest amount of total flavonoid content was observed from the methanol extracts of Harutame (5.39 ㎎/g), followed by Winstar (4.28 ㎎/g), Wialhowol (4.10 ㎎/g). The SOD enzyme activity showed a high activity of ‘YR Hogeo’ cultivar, and the cultivar of ‘YR Howol’ cultivar showed the lowest activity of SOD. The activity of CAT and APX showed higher values ‘Ogane’ and ‘YR Hogeol’ cultivars than the other cultivars. The POD activities showed relatively high values ‘Ogane’ and ‘YR Howol’ cultivars compared with other cultivars. The free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity showed lower IC₅₀ values of ‘Harutame’ (15.71) and ‘YR Howol’ cultivar (16.88), however methanol extract of ‘YR Hero’ cultivar (22.49) being the highest. The extracts of all cabbage cultivars in the reaction solution of pH 1.2 could be decomposed nitrite more than 50%. Especially, the cultivar ‘YR Hogeol’ and ‘Ogane’ showed a relatively high nitrite scavenging activity for each 60.13% and 57.20% respectively. The IC₅₀ values of antioxidant activity determined by ABTS were lower in ‘Harutame’ (17.04) and ‘YR Howol’ cultivar (17.97), and its results observed similar with values obtained from the same extracts by DPPH method. The result of this study suggests that the methanol extract of Brassica oleracea L. contains the high amount of phenolic and higher radical scavenging activities.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.943-949
• /
• 2012

The content phenolic compounds in extracts from Rehmannia glutinosa was the highest in 40% ethanol extracts as $5.1{\pm}0.2mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of R. glutinosa extracts was high in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 85~93%, ABTS radical cation decolorization of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts was about the same as 55~62%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was confirmed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 1.6~1.9 PF, and TBARs of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts were concluded to have the similar antioxidant effects. The hypertension inhibitory activity of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts from R. glutinosa indicated the activities as 87.2% and 81.1%, anti-gout activity was determined very low in R. glutinosa extracts and antimicrobial activity against skin microorgasm was confirmed, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined as 70.2% in 40% ethanol extracts, it was expected the whitening effects in 40% ethanol extracts. The elastase inhibitory activity which are related to the wrinkle cause was observed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 76.2% and 57.2%. The hyaluronidase inhibitory activity to R. glutinosa extracts was observed weakly in only 40% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/ml$ phenolic content as 5.1%.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2024

Background: Honey from different geographical origins can have distinct characteristics due to variations in the floral sources available to stingless bees in different regions. The most abundant stingless bee for meliponiculture in Thailand is Tetragonula pagdeni. However, only a few studies about the properties of honey from a different origin were carried out. The objective of this study was focused on a comparative study to evaluate the melissopalynological, physicochemical, antioxidant activities, and total phenolic contents (TPCs) of stingless bee honey produced by T. pagdeni from different parts of Thailand. Results: Fifty honey samples were collected from five locations, and the physicochemical properties of T. pagdeni honey samples are acidic (pH 3.02-4.15) and have a high water content (18.42-25.06 %w/w), which is related to the regions of meliponary. Melisopalynological analysis reveals the predominant pollen from Melaleuca quinquenervia, Cocus nuciferca, Nephelium lappaceum, Salacca wallichiana, and multiflora honey. All honey samples were analyzed for their TPC and 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The results show that all samples had high TPC and antioxidant activities with a strong correlation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The data from this study indicates the importance of geographical origin, which links physicochemical properties, phenolic compounds, and functional characteristics to their floral. Besides, the floral sources and harvesting location affected the properties of stingless bee honey. Our results identify Melaleuca honey as a promising source of phenolic content and antioxidant activity that can be used as a functional food, as well as multiflora and Cocus honey. However, further studies are required to characterize the phenolic compound and its biological potential, which could be a stingless bee honey biomarker and quality control, simultaneously with the physicochemical analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.8
• /
• pp.1018-1024
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study is to compare the physicochemical properties and release characteristics of red ginseng (A) and tissue cultured mountain ginseng (B) extruded tissue cultured mountain ginsengs at barrel temperatures 110 (C) and $120^{\circ}C$ (D) to produce tissue cultured mountain ginseng-like comercial red ginseng by extrusion process. Extrusion process variables, water content and screw speed were fixed at 25% and 200 rpm, respectively. In the results, reducing and total sugar content were found to be relatively higher in A. The acidic polysaccharides content of B was the lowest among the ginseng samples. Acidic polysaccharide was increased 3 times by extrusion process. A and B were three times higher at maximum than C and D in polyphenolic compound. Polyphenolic compound content was relatively low by extrusion of ginsengs. Amino acid contents of B, C and D were $35{\sim}42\;{\mu}g/mL$; in contrast, A contained $25\;{\mu}g/mL$. The crude saponin content of C and D were higher than A and B.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.09a
• /
• pp.346-347
• /
• 2011

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.734-741
• /
• 2016

Lily (Lilium davidii) is a high-yielding flowering plant. Besides roses and chrysanthemums, lily bulbs have long been used as food and in oriental medicine. However, the usage and value of cut lily bulbs has not been recognized. A bulb whose yield has been decreased is called a waste bulb, and a large amount of such bulbs is discarded every year. In this study, the functionality of waste bulbs from cut lilies was investigated to explore their potential use as a value-added product. We divided lily bulbs into two groups, one group with six varieties of new bulbs (Medusa, Siberia, Woori Tower, Yelloween, Le Reve, and Morning Star) used for cultivation and the other group with six varieties of waste bulbs (Medusa, Siberia, Woori Tower, Yelloween, Sorbonne, and Sheila). Physiological activities (${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH) and 3-ethlbenzthiazolne-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capability and tyrosinase inhibiting activity), the amount of total as well as eight individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, rutin hydrate, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol 3-O-${\beta}$-rutinoside, phloridzin dihydrate, myricetin, and quercetin), and total flavonoid content were measured in the bulbs by high performance liquid chromatography. We detected high amounts of total phenol and total flavonoid as well as high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. More tyrosinase inhibiting activity was detected in the new bulbs than in the waste bulbs. However, both the new and waste bulbs showed a higher inhibitory activity than the standard (100 ppm ascorbic acid). Although the content of phenolic compounds differed among varieties, under the conditions of the experiment, the most abundant phenolics were epicatechins, followed by chlorogenic acid, and rutins. Overall, the waste bulbs had a higher content of these compounds than the new bulbs. Based on these results, we concluded that bulbs from cut lilies could be used as functional foods in the future and farmers could expect economic gain from the hitherto neglected waste bulbs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.363-375
• /
• 2016

Potentilla kleiniana is a perennial herb beloning to Rosaceae family. Herein we investigated the effect of light intensity, light quality and chemical elicitor on plant growth and the accumulation of bioactive compounds in P. kleiniana. After 60 days of cultivation under different shading level [0% (200 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), 35% (95 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), 55% (65 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), 75% (40 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)] in the greenhouse, chlorophyll and carotenoid content were the highest under 35% treatment, however, plant height, leaf number and biomass were the highest under non-shading. As a result of cultivation among strong light condition as a control, florescence and three mixture light sources [red:white:blue (RWB) = 8:1:1, red:blue (RB) = 8:2, red:green:blue (RGB) = 8:1:1] as treatments in plant growth chamber (25 ± 2℃, 185 ± 3 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), growth, biomass, chlorophyll content low difference between total phenolic compouds and flavonoid content were higher under RWB treatment. DPPH radical elimination ability was the highest under all treatments especially florescence and RGB treatment except control. As a result of treating chemical elicitor [salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA)] concentration (0, 50, 100, 200 μM) respectively, plant height, petiole diameter and biomass were higher under non-treatment, MeJA 50 μM. It was investigated that fresh weight and dry weight under MeJA 50 μM treatment were especially a little high. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid content of SA 50 μM treatment was the highest but DPPH radical elimination ability was significantly the highest under MeJA 200 μM (88.65%) and MeJA 50 μM (87.84%) treatment. Thus, this study suggested that we determined optimal shading and light quality in the greenhouse and plant growth chamber also confirmed bioactive compound content, antioxidant ratio increase according to different chemical elicitation concentration.