• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.559-565
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• 1997

Donor airway ischemia is a significant problem after tracheal replacement with homograft or lung transplantation, Several factors such as omentopexy, heparin, PGl2 and fibroblast growth factor, have been shown to induce angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This study was designed to investigate whether omentopexy and basic flbroblast growth factor can enhance rabbit tracheal revascularization and epithelial regeneration, Three different experiments were performed with New Zealand white rabbit. In group I(n= 15 control group), only coNical tracheal autotransplantation was done. In group II(n= 15), cervical tracheal autotransplantation with omentopexy was done through subcutaneous route. In group III(n= 15), cervical tracheal autotransplantation was done and lug basic flbroblast growth factor was applied. After 3, 7 and 14 days, the animals were sacrificed. The extent of revascularization was investigated by means of uptake of the human serum albumin labelled with 99m technetium, and epithelial regeneration were assessed by means of light microscope. In the group investigated at day 3, there was statistically significant high tracheal revascularization in group III(p<0.05), but no difference at 7 and 14 days. And epithelial regenerations at day 3 were better in group III(p<0.05), and at day 7 in group II and III. But there was no difference at day 14. We concluded that b-FGF can enhance the revascularization and epithelial regeneration of the tracheal autograft especially in early phase.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.398-405
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• 2015

Facilitated transport is considered to be a possible solution to simultaneously improve permeability and selectivity, which is challenging in normal polymeric membranes based on solution-diffusion transport only. We investigated the effect of adding mesoporous $TiO_2$ ($m-TiO_2$) upon the separation performance of facilitated olefin transport membranes comprising poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), Ag nanoparticles, and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as the polymer matrix, olefin carrier, and electron acceptor, respectively. In particular, $m-TiO_2$ was prepared by means of a facile, mass-producible method using poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) graft copolymer as the template. The crystal phase of $m-TiO_2$ consisted of an anatase/rutile mixture, of crystallite size approximately 16 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction. The introduction of $m-TiO_2$ increased the membrane diffusivity, thereby increasing the mixed-gas permeance from 1.6 to 16.0 GPU ($1GPU=10^{-6}cm^3$(STP)/($s{\times}cm^2{\times}cmHg$), and slightly decreased the propylene/propane selectivity from 45 to 37. However, both the mixed-gas permeance and selectivity of the membrane containing $m-TiO_2$ rapidly decreased over time, whereas the membrane without $m-TiO_2$ had more stable long-term performance. This difference might be attributed to specific chemical interactions between $TiO_2$ and Ag nanoparticles, causing Ag to lose activity as an olefin carrier.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2016

To establish the soil management system for the efficient sod production, survey on the growth of zoysiagrass by different soil managements was conducted in repeated cultivation field with regard to soil physical properties. Soils were subjected to four types of management methods, which include (1) rolling (2) topdressing (3) topdressing + rolling (4) topdressing + tillage + rolling. The topdressing + tillage + rolling treatment significantly ameliorated soil physical properties such as bulk density, porosity and solid phase as compared to rolling and topdressing + rolling treatments, and was not significantly different from the topdressing treatment. Further growth and density of zoysiagrass except for the root dry weight in topdressing + tillage + rolling treatment were significantly higher than that only in rolling treatment. Topdressing + tillage + rolling treatment significantly increased the number of shoot as compared to the other treatments. Therefore, combined topdressing and tillage soil management practice should be conducted for the production of zoysiagrass in repeated cultivation field.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 1998

An obligately methylotrophic bacterium which produces extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) was isolated through methanol-enrichment culture technique. The isolate was aerobic, nonmotile, and gram negative rod and exibited catalase, but no oxidase, activity. Plasmid, carotenoid, and poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid were not found. The guanine plus cytosine content of DNA was 52-56%. The isolate was found to grow only on methanol and monomethylamine. Growth was optimal ($t_d=2.4h$) at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5 in a mineral medium containing 0.5% (v/v) methanol, 25 mM phosphate, and 0.212% ammonium sulfate. Methanol was assimilated through the ribulose monophosphate pathway. Maximun amount of EPS was produced in cells growing at the mid-stationary growth phase at $30^{\circ}C$ in a mineral medium (PH 6.5) containing 1.0% (v/v) methanol in the CIN ratio of 54.7. Thin-layer chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that the EPS was composed of glucose and galactose. EPS which was not treated with ethanol (Pbe) exhibited stable viscosity under various concentrations of salts and temperatures hut showed high viscosity at low pH. EPS precipitated with ethanol (Pae) was found to be more stable in viscosity than the Pbe at various salt concentrations, temperatures, and pH. The Pae also exhibited higher viscosity than the Pbe and xanthan gum. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lyophilized Pbe and Pae have a multi-layered structure and a structure of thick fibers, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1530-1537
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• 2006

Platycodi Radix, the root of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), commonly known as Doraji in Korea (Chinese name, 'Jiegeng', and Japanese name, 'Kikyo') has been used as an expectorant in traditional Oriental medicine. Extracts from the roots of P. grandiflorum have been reported to have wide ranging health benefits. In Korea, Platycodi Radix is also used as a food and employed as a folk remedy for adult diseases, such as bronchitis, asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases, and as a sedative. Several studies on its chemical and immunopharmacological effects including immunostimulation and antitumor activity have been performed. However, the relevant molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Platycodi Radix, the root of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), commonly known as Doraji in Korea (Chinese name, 'Jiegeng', and Japanese name, 'Kikyo') has been used as an expectorant in traditional Oriental medicine. Extracts from the roots of P. grandiflorum have been reported to have wide ranging health bensfits. In Korea, Platycodi Radix is also used as a food and employed as a folk remedy for adult diseases, such as bronchitis, asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases, and as a sedative. Several studies on its chemical and immunopharmacological effects including immunostimulation and antitumor activity have been performed. However, the relevant molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of an aqueous extract from the roots of P. grandiflorum AEPG) on the cell growth of human lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H460 cells in order to understand its anti-proliferative mechanism. AEPG treatment down-regulated the cyclin D1 expression in both transcriptional and translational levels without alteration of cyclin E. In AEPG-treated cells, the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (C아) 6 mRNA and protein were significantly inhibited, but the levels of Cdk2 and Cdk4 were slightly inhibited by treatment of AEPG. AEPG treatment induced a marked accumulation of Cdk inhibitors, p16 and p27. However, AEPG treatment did not affect not only retinoblastoma protein (pRB) but also tumor suppressor p53 protein expression. The present results indicated that AEPG-induced inhibition of lung cancer cell proliferation is associated with the blockage of G1 phase progression through induction of Cdk inhibitors such as p16 and p27, and inhibition of cyclin D1 and Cdk6. AEPG exposure, as offered by this study, provides cluse for the mechanism of AEPG action. Taken together, these findings suggest that P. grandiflorum has strong potential for development as an agent for prevention and treatiment against human lung cancer.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1991

The present study intended to evaluate the influences of MetagonimMi yokogawai on the activities of brush border membrane bound enzymes of the small intestine. Mice were infected with 500 metacercariae respectively, and the worm recovery, morphological changes and enzyme activities were observed chronologically. A part of them were followed after the treatment. Recovered worms decreased in number continuously after the infection, and they were less than 10% after 2 weeks and almost Bero after 28 weeks. Villous atrophy and stromal inflammation were found at two locations of the proximal jejunum from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after the infection. The enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and disaccharidases (sucrase, lactase, maltase, and trehalase), showed lowered activities in the duodenum and proximal jejunum of the infected mice but they increased in the distal jejunum for the first two weeks. From three weeks after the infection, the activities were gradually recovered. In one week treated mice, they recovered the activities at 2 weeks from the treatment, but there found no differences of the activities between the 3 week treated group and infected controls. The present data reveal that M. yckogawai infection induces degenerative changes of the host's intestinal mucosa not only morphologically but functionally during the initial phase of infection. The lowered enzyme activities in acute metagonimiasis should be associated with malabsorption and diarrhea.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify renal inflammation following Kawasaki disease (KD) using single photon emission computed tomography along with Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy (DMSA renal SPECT). Methods: From March 2011 to October 2011, 15 patients diagnosed with KD at the National Health Insurance System Ilsan Hospital were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent DMSA renal SPECT to evaluate renal involvement during the acute phase of KD. Urine ${\beta}2$-microglobulin (${\beta}2$-MG), a marker of renal proximal tubular dysfunction, was also measured to assess renal damage. Results: All 15 patients had normal renal function test results. However, microscopic hematuria and pyuria were observed in 13% and 33% of the patients, respectively. Moreover, urine ${\beta}2$-MG was elevated in 46% of the patients. In addition, patients were divided into two groups based on ${\beta}2$-MG level: those with an increased ${\beta}2$-MG level, and those with a normal ${\beta}2$-MG level. No significant differences were found between these two groups in clinical characteristics, laboratory, sonography, and echocardiography findings. All patients' DMSA renal SPECT scans were normal. Conclusion: Our study showed that mild abnormalities in the urinalysis and elevated urine ${\beta}2$-MG were the only findings of renal involvement in KD. However, no aggressive renal manifestations were detected on DMSA renal SPECT.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2018

Not only efficiency of chlorine evolution reaction (CER) but also durability namely service life is very important property in dimensional stable anode for Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) for marine ships. Many researchers have been focused on improving efficiency of CER by controlling composition, phase and surface area for a long time, but the efforts to increase durability was relatively small. In this study, we have investigated the effect of $TiO_2$ protective interlayers on efficiency and durability of DSA electrodes. $TiO_2$ protective interlayers were prepared by thermal oxidation at 500, 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ on Ti substrate. And then the DSA electrodes consisting of $Ti/RuO_2-PdO-TiO_2$ were prepared by thermal decomposition method on $TiO_2$ interlayers. The efficiencies of CER of DSA electrodes without $TiO_2$ interlayer and with $TiO_2$ interlayer grown at 500, 600 and $700^{\circ}C$ were 94.19, 94.45, 84.60 and 76.75% respectively. On the otherhand, durabilities were 30, 55, 90 and 65 hours respectively. In terms of industrial aspect, the performance of DSA is considered high efficiency and durability which can correspond to total production of chlorine. If we considered the performance index of DSA as the product of efficiency and durability, performance indices could be recalculated as 28.26, 50.85, 76.14 and 49.89 respectively. As the thermal oxidation temperature increasing, life time were increased remarkerbly, while efficiency of CER was decreased slightly. As a result, DSA electrode with $TiO_2$ interlayer grown at $600^{\circ}C$ has shown about 2.7 times performace of original DSA electrode without $TiO_2$ interlayer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.624-634
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• 1995

Tides at both of northern and southern entrances of Kamag Bay were compared by deploying tide gauges for 18 days during July-August 1994. To examine the response of the inner bay to the tidal waves through both entrances, a current meter was moored at the eastern pan of the inner bay. Current meter mooring failed at the northern entrance (Yosu) while the current data was collected for only 5 days at the southern site (Songdo). Maximum range was 357 and 352 cm at Yosu and Songdo, respectively. Respective amplitudes for M2, S2 Kl O1 tides of 95.5, 48.8, 20.5, 14.0cm at Yosu and 93.6, 47.2, 21.3, 13.1cm at Songdo yielded the form numbers of 0.23 and 0.24, respectively, both of which belong to the predominantly semidiurnal tide, Contributions from the overtides and compound tides were less than $4\%^ at both sites. Differences in Greenwich phase of major partial tides between two sites were negligible. Maximum speed of tidal current was about 100cm/sec at the southern entrance and about 40cm/sec at the inner bay. Residual current speed was 17cm/sec southwestward at the southern entrance and 0.9cm/sec southeastward at the inner bay. Temporal change in current at the inner bay showed that the wind had a significant influence upon the circulation in Kamag Bay.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.271-284
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• 2008

Self-healing is an approach to evaluating constraints defined in target system and to applying an appropriate strategy when violating he constrains. Today, the computing environment is very complex, so researches that endow a system with the self-healing's ability that recognizes problem arising in a target system are being an important issues. However, most of the existing researches are that self-healing developers need much effort and time to analyze and model constraints. Thus, this paper proposes an automated approach to determine problem arising in external and internal system environment. The approach proposes: 1) Specifying the target system through the models created in design phase of target system. 2) Automatically creating constraints for external and internal system environment, by using the specified contents. 3) Deriving a dependency model of a component based on the created internal state rule. 4) Translating the constraints and dependency model into code evaluating behaviors of the target system, and determinating problem level. 5) Monitoring an internal and external status of system based on the level of problem determination, and applying self-healing strategy when detecting abnormal state caused in the target system. Through these, we can reduce the efforts of self-healing developers to analyze target system, and heal rapidly not only abnormal behavior of target system regarding external and internal problem, but also failure such as system break down into normal state. To evaluate the proposed approach, through video conference system, we verify an effectiveness of our approach by comparing proposed approach's self-healing activities with those of the existing approach.