• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제33권
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

목 적 : 본 연구를 통해 호흡동조방사선치료(Respiratory Gated Radiation Therapy, RGRT)시 환자 호흡 속도에 따른 Trigger mode의 정확성과 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 호흡 속도에 따른 Trigger mode의 정확성을 평가하기 위해 QUASAR^TM 호흡 움직임 팬텀에 3 mm의 기준 표지자(Fiducial marker, gold marker)를 삽입하여 본원 한달 동안 환자의 평균 호흡인 20 bpm(Breath per minute)을 기준으로 4DCT 촬영 후 정중앙(Median)에 위치한 표지자에 윤곽 묘사(Contouring)를 하였다. OBI(On Board Imager)가 장착된 Truebeam STx^TM를 이용해 방사선조사 구간인 Gating window를 Lower threshold는 2.0 mm로 모든 측정 조건에서 고정시키고, Upper threshold를 최고 위상으로부터 각각 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm로 바꿔가며 측정하였다. 위와 같은 조건에서 평균 호흡 속도인 20 bpm을 기준으로 10 bpm, 30 bpm, 40 bpm, 50 bpm, 60 bpm 호흡속도를 바꿔가며 방사선이 끊기는 순간인 'Once at beam off'로 5회 촬영하였다. 같은 방법으로 3일간 반복 촬영 후 각 속도 별 오차율을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 기준 호흡 속도 20 bpm에서 최고 위상으로부터 각각 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm Upper threshold에서 Trigger mode의 beam off시 차이는 3일간의 평균값으로 0.68±0.05 mm, 0.91±0.03 mm, 1.23±0.03 mm, 1.42±0.04 mm, 1.66±0.06 mm이다. 기준 호흡 속도(20 bpm)대비 호흡 속도 변화에 따른 측정 결과는 최대 절대차이(Absolute Difference)의 경우 1일차, 2일차, 3일차 모두 3 mm Upper threshold에서 평균 0.81±0.08 mm로 차이가 확인되었다. 호흡 속도와 절대차이의 편차(Variation)에 대한 상관관계를 평가하기 위한 결정계수 R2는 3일 평균 수치로 각각 0.838, 0.887, 0.770, 0.850, 0.906로 확인되었다. 3일간의 Threshold 모든 변수에서 p-value는 설정 유의수준 0.05 이하로 차이유의를 확인하였다. 결 론 : 호흡동조방사선치료 시 Trigger mode를 이용하여 영상유도를 할 경우 기준 호흡 속도(20 bpm)에서의 Trigger mode의 오차율이 평균 ±0.04 mm 값으로 정확성과 유용성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러나 호흡 속도에 따른 부정확성(Uncertainty) 또한 발생할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 특히, 기준 호흡 속도 대비 느려지는 경우(< 20 bpm)보다 빨라지는 경우(> 20 bpm) 영상획득에 대한 부정확성은 커졌다. 따라서 사전 모의치료시의 호흡을 선별하고 호흡을 유지하기 위한 호흡교육과 치료 중 적극적인 실시간 모니터링(Monitoring)이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.603-614
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• 2008

가정용수의 용도별 사용량은 주거형태, 거주자 생활양식, 주택구조 등의 내부적인 요인과 온도, 날씨, 수도요금 등과 같은 다양한 외부요인들의 영향을 받게 된다. 장기적으로는 거주민의 생활양식, 주거형태, 수도관련 시설의 변화 등에 따라 사용량이 점진적으로 변화하게 되며, 단기적으로는 기온이나 가뭄과 같은 기후조건이나 절수정책과 같은 인위적인 영향에 의해 사용량이 크게 변화하기도 한다. 용수수요에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 분석과 이해는 사용량의 변화원인과 경향을 설명해주고 여러가지 인자와의 상관관계를 분석함으로서 물사용패턴과 향후 수요를 예측하는데 도움을 준다. 본 연구에서는 가정용수의 용도별 사용량 실측자료를 바탕으로 사용패턴과 사용량에 미치는 영향인자를 분석하기 위하여 요일별, 월별, 계절별 사용량을 비교하고, 또한 가구특성, 기온 등의 외부인자에 의해 영향을 받는 용도에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 가정용수의 사용패턴을 분석한 결과, 토요일에 사용량이 가장 많고, 월간 중에는 7월의 사용량이 가장 높았으며, 월별 사용량의 첨두율은 평균대비 1.12로 나타났다. 기온에 따른 용도별 사용경향에서 총량용수는 $-14^{\circ}C{\sim}0^{\circ}C$까지 물사용량이 급격하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, $0^{\circ}C$이상에서는 큰 변화양상을 보이지 않았다. 반면에 세면, 세탁, 욕조용수는 $0^{\circ}C$이상에서도 점진적인 증가경향을 보였으나, 변기용수는 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 기온에 대한 용도별 사용량의 상관관계 분석결과 세면용수가 상관계수 0.73으로 상관성이 가장 높았으며, 변기용수는 -0.14로 매우 낮은 음의 상관성을 보였다. 각 인자별로 가정용수 사용량 원단위의 차이에 대한 유의성 여부를 검토하기 위하여 주택유형, 실거주인수, 가족구성, 건평, 수입, 맞벌이여부, 절수형변기, 비데기유무 등에 대하여 분산분석을 수행한 결과, 주택유형의 경우 욕조용수의 사용량에 차이가 발견되었고, 실거주인수는 싱크대, 변기, 기타, 총량용수에서 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 특히 실거주인수는 세면과 욕조를 제외한 모든 용도별 사용량에서 유의한 차이를 보여 거주인수의 증감에 따라 용도별 사용량의 차이가 분명히 발생하며, 이는 향후 가구당 용수사용량을 설계하는 경우 평균 거주인수에 대한 신중한 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 가정용수의 용도별 사용특성 분석결과는 수요예측, 수요관리 정책수립, 수도관련 기자재 및 시설의 규격결정 등에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1989

기무라씨 질환은 특히 두경부 부위에 피하 종괴를 일으키는 만성염증성, 증식성 질환이다. 저자들은 최근 치험하였던 본 질환 5 예를 한국외과 문헌에 처음으로 보고하는 바이다. 기무라씨 질환은 크게는 ALHE(Angiolymphoide Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia) 의 범주에 속한다. 본 질환의 병리학적 특징은 증식된 lymphoid follicles, eosinophilic infiltration 과 혈관의 증식성이다. 이 질환은 이하선, 악하선 및 상부 경부 부위등에 흔히 종괴를 일으키며 이들 종괴들은 피하조직 뿐만 아니라 타액선과 상부 경부 임파선에까지도 파고 든다. 저자들의 증례 중 한명에서는 서혜부에 종괴가 있었으며 새로이 증식된 혈관과 동상들 (Sinusoids) 로 인하여 혈관 분포가 매우 풍부하였다. 저자들 증례 5 명의 평균 연령은 35세이었지만 한명을 제외한 나머지 모두는 38세 이하이었다. 남녀비는 3:2 이었으며 증상의 평균 기간은 5.2 년이었다. 전례에 있어서 말초 혈액 소견상 Eosinophilia 가 있었다. 전례에서 다발성 종괴들을 보였으며 가끔은 대칭적이기도 하였다. 저자들이 시행한 치료 양상은 수술만 시행한 경우와 수술 및 스테로이드 홀몬요법 시행 경우가 각각 1례씩이었고 수술과 방사선조사 경우가 2례이었으며 나머지 1례에서는 수술, 스테로이드 홀몬요법 및 방사선조사의 복합치료를 실시하였다. 저자들은 기무라씨 질환과 ALHE 질환과의 관계를 고찰해 보았으며 기무라씨 질환의 치료 경험을 보고하는 바이다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.357-373
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• 1975

본 연구는 남부 Oregon의 고온건조한 기후하에서 선발된 Tall fescue 10개 인자형의 동기 생육형 다계교배후대의 능력을 검정하기 위하여 대전의 충남대학교 농과대학 실험포장에서 수행되었는데 이를 파생계통들에 대한 대비 품종으로는 다수품종인 Fawn과 동기 생육형 품종 T.F.M을 공시하였으며 특히 광합성과 관련이 깊은 식물체 및 잎의 주요 형질과 아울러 재식 후 첫 여름의 조사료 생산량을 조사 분석하였던 바 주요한 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1). 단위엽당 생체중 및 건물중을 다수성 품종 Fawn에 비해 동기 생육형 파생계통군 및 품종이 현저히 가벼웠으며 한편 이들 엽형질에 있어서는 파생계통간에도 아주 큰 변이를 나타내고 있었다. 2). 단위엽면적당 엽체적은 다수 품종 Fawn에 비해 동기 생육형 파생계통군 및 품종에서 적었다. 다계교배 파생계통간에는 상당한 엽면적의 차이를 보였는데 인자형 16의 다계교배 파생계통의 평균 엽면적은 Fawn의 엽면적과 차이가 없었다. 3). 동기생육형 파생계통 및 품종간에는 특정엽중(단위면적당 엽중)의 차이가 인정되지 않았던 바 특정엽중의 유전적인 변이는 대체로 크지 않았으며 이 유전집단에서는 이미 좁아졌던 것으로 추측된다. 한편 집단내에 있어서 광합성 생산은 차이가 없을 것이나 광합성생산과 전류간의 균형에서는 차이가 있을 것으로 추측되는 바 이러한 문제를 구명하기 위해서는 특정 엽중의 주간 변이에 관한 연구가 이루어져야 할것이다. 4). 엽폭은 Fawn에 비해 동기생육형 품종 및 파생계통군에서 좁았으며 다계교잡 파생계통간에는 현저한 엽폭의 변이를 나타내었다. 5). 제1회 예취전의 초장은 대비품종과 동기 생육형 품종 및 다계교잡 파생계통군간에 현저한 차이를 보였던 바 다수성 품종 Fawn의 초장이 현저히 길었으나 일차 예취후의 초장의 재생력에 있어서는 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 한편 다계교배 파생계통군에서는 제1회 초장간에 유의차가 인정되지 않았으나 목야지나 싸일레지 생산에 관련되는 중요한 형질의 하나인 재생력에 있어서는 다계 교배 파생계통들 간에 명확하고도 현저한 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 6). 일주당(一株當) 폭은 다수품종 Fawn에 비해 동계 생육형에서 현저히 좁았다. 7). 분얼수의 차이 역시 현저하였던 바 품종 Fawn에서 동기 새육형 파생계통군이나 품종보다 현저히 일차 예취후의 분얼수가 증가 되었다. 특히 분얼수에 있어서는 다계교배 파생계통간에 큰 변이를 보였던바 일차 예취후의 이차 측정에서 대체로 유전적인 차이가 더욱 뚜렷해짐이 명확하였는데 이는 어떤 품종이나 인자형들에서는 낙엽에 의해서 이 형질이 아마 촉진 되었기 때문이 아닌가 생각된다. 8). 동기생육형 파생계통군 및 품종의 초기 생육 재생력 및 총수량은 대비 품종 Fawn에 비해 현저히 낮은 경향을 보였다. 한편 파생 계통간에 생초수량의 변이가 큰 경향을 보였는데 이러한 점은 동계 생육형 Tall Fescue 모집단의 수량을 향상시키는 다계교배 파생계통의 선발을 여름에 수행하는 기초를 제공하고 있다. 9). 본 연구에 공시된 동계 생육형 품종 및 파생계통의 생초 수량을 위시한 대체적인 입과 식물체의 형질은 대비품종 Fawn에 비해 우수하지 못하였으나 이들 형질의 다계교배 파생계통간의 변이는 아주 컷던 바 한국에서는 여름동안의 다수성에 관한 다계교배 차대검정을 통하여 동계 생육형 Tall Fescue의 개량이 가능 할 것으로 본다. 10). 본 연구에 있어서 여러형질간의 상호관계의 결과는 분산분석의 결과와도 잘 일치되고 있는바 신품종개발을 위한 바람직한 인자형의 선발에 기여하는 바가 클 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1998

우리 나라의 일부 지역 주민에서 혈청 CA19-9과 CA125 농도의 분포를 관찰함으로써 경계치 설정 이전에 미리 예비적 자료를 확보하고, 두 종양표지자의 측정치에 영향을 미치는 인자들, 특히 음주와 흡연 습관에 대한 통계적 유의성을 평가하기 위해 단시적 조사연구를 시도하였다. 1995년에 일부 농촌지역 성인 171명(남자 76명, 여자 95명)을 대상으로 하여 설문조사와 혈청 검사를 통해 개개인의 음주, 흡연습관 및 생식요인에 관한 정보 및 혈청 CA19-9 및 CA125 농도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 혈청 CA19-9 농도의 평균 및 표준편차는 남녀 각각 $10.4{\pm}11.1{\mu}/ml$, $10.1{\pm}10.0{\mu}/ml$로 남녀간의 차이가 없었으나, 혈청 CA125 농도의 평균 및 표준편차는 각각 $2.5{\pm}12.2{\mu}/ml$, $11.2{\pm}7.4{\mu}/ml$로 여자에서 높았다. 한편 현재 임상적으로 적용되고 있는 양성판정치를 근거로 하여 판정한 혈청 CA19-9 및 CA125 양성률은 각각 2.9%, 1.8%이었으며, 각각 남녀간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2) 혈청 CA19-9 농도는 일일 흡연량(r=0.23, p=0.054) 및 총 흡연량(r=0.28, p=0.017)과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 성별로는 여자에서만 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다(일일흡연량 r=0.59, p=.0.026 ; 총흡연량 r=0.74, p=0.003). 3) 혈청 CA125 농도는 흡연시작연령(r=0.51, p=0.000) 과는 양의 상관관계를, 총흡연기간(r=-0.23, p=0.051) 및 총흡연량(r=-0.23, p=0.057)과는 음의 상관관계를 보였는데, 성별로는 남자에서만 흡연시작연령(r=0.28, p=0.031)과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 4) 혈청 CA125 농도는 여자에서 연령(r=-0.20, p=0.058), 생리중단 연령(r=-0.28, p=0.030), 총수유기간(r=-0.29, p=0.014)과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 5) 혈청 CA19-9 및 CA125 농도는 비만, 학력, 그리고 음주와 유의한 상관관계가 없었으며, 여자에서는 혈청 CA19-9 및 CA125 농도간에 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.20, p=0.047). 6) 연령 및 비만의 교란효과를 통제하기 위한 중회귀분석 결과, 혈청 CA19-9 농도와 유의한 회귀관계를 보이는 변수는 없었다. 이에 비해 혈청 CA125 농도는 전체대상례에선 흡연시작연령이 빠르거나(p=0.000), 총 흡연기간이 길거나(p=0.001), 총흡연량이 많거나(p=0.020), 생리중단연령이 늦거나(p=0.035), 수유를 오래 할수록(p=0.050) 감소하는 것으로 나타났으나, 성별로 분석하였을 때 여자에서 흡연인자들의 유의한 회귀관계가 모두 소실되었다. 결론적으로, 혈청 CA19-9 농도는 흡연, 음주, 월경-출산관련 변수들에 의해 영향을 받는 않는 것으로 보여 실제 임상에 적용할 때 이들 변수를 고려하지 않고도 이용될 수 있는 비교적 안정된 종양표지자로 생각된다. 이에 비해 혈청 CA125 농도는 흡연량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 연령과 비만지수에 따라 흡연량이 교란영향을 받고 있는 지표임을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 여성에서는 폐경연령과 총수유기간이 유의한 관계를 보여 향후 정상치역 결정시 생리, 수유 등의 변수를 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2014

목 적 : 호흡연동 용적변조 회전방사선치료(Gated Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy)에서 환자의 호흡주기 변화에 따른 선량전달의 정확성을 검증하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 실험에는 TrueBeam STxTM(Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA)치료기를 사용하였다. 인체모형등가팬텀(Rando Phantom, Alderson Resarch Laboratories Inc. Stamford. CT, USA)의 전산화단층영상에 전산화치료계획시스템(Eclipse 10.0, Varian, USA)을 이용하여 10 MV FFF(Flatenning Filter Free), 선량률 1200 MU/min으로 1500 cGy/fx(Case1, 2, 3)과 220 cGy/fx(Case4, 5, 6)의 치료계획을 수립하였다. $QUASAR^{TM}$ Respiratory Motion Phantom(Modus Medical Devices Inc)을 이용하여 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 sec의 일정한 호흡주기와 평균호흡주기가 2.2, 3.5 sec인 환자의 호흡주기를 재현하였고 위상모드 30~70% 구간에서 방사선이 조사되도록 설정하였다. 각각의 호흡 조건에서 2차원 이온전리함 배열 검출기(I'mRT Matrixx, IBA Dosimetry, Germany)와 MultiCube Phantom(IBA Dosimetry, Germany)을 이용하여 측정하였고 세기변조 방사선치료 분석 프로그램(OmniPro I'mRT, IBA Dosimetry, Germany)을 이용하여 Gamma pass rate(3 mm, 3%)을 비교하였다. 결 과 : Case 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6의 Gamma pass rate은 일정한 호흡주기 1.5 sec에서 100.0, 97.6, 98.1, 96.3, 93.0, 94.8%, 2.5 sec에서 98.8, 99.5, 97.5, 99.5, 98.3, 99.6%, 3.5 sec에서 99.6, 96.6, 97.5, 99.2, 97.8, 99.1%, 4.5 sec에서 99.4, 96.3, 97.2, 99.0, 98.0, 99.3%의 결과를 보였다. 환자의 호흡을 재현한 경우 평균 호흡주기 2.2 sec에서는 97.7, 95.4, 96.2, 98.9, 96.2, 98.4%, 3.5 sec에서는 97.3, 97.5, 96.8, 100.0, 99.3 99.8%의 결과를 보였다. 결 론 : 2.5 sec이상의 일정한 호흡주기와 환자의 호흡을 재현한 실험에서 Gamma pass rate 95%이상의 임상적으로 신뢰할 만한 결과를 보였다. 일정한 호흡주기 1.5 sec의 Case 5, 6 에서 93.0, 94.8%의 결과를 보였으나 100명의 환자 호흡주기 분석 결과 1.5 sec의 호흡을 지속했던 경우는 없었던 점으로 보아 대부분의 호흡조건에서 정확한 선량전달이 가능함을 확인 하였다. 다만 극히 짧은 호흡주기로 인한 오차발생 가능성을 배제할 수 없기 때문에 치료전 선량전달 정확성 검증이 선행되어야 하며 모의치료시 환자 교육으로 안정된 호흡을 유지하고 정확한 모니터링을 통해 치료중 환자 호흡변화에 대처한다면 더욱 안정적이고 정확한 치료가 이루어질 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2019

옥시테트라사이클린은 침투이행성 살균제로 배추, 고추 등의 농산물에 무름병, 줄기속마름병에 효과가 있다. 본 연구는 농산물 중 기준신설 예정농약 옥시테트라사이클린이 농산물 대하여 등록되지 않아 이에 대한 공정시험법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 옥시테트라사이클린의 잔류물의 정의는 미국, 일본의 경우 농산물 대상으로 모화합물로 설정되어 있다. 현재, 국내에서는 농산물 중 옥시테트라사이클린의 잔류물의 정의 및 잔류허용기준이 설정되어있지 않고, 국내 농산물(고추 등)에 대한 잔류허용기준 신설이 최초 요청되었으며 국내 유통 농산물 중 잔류량에 대한 안전관리 확보를 위해 잔류물의 정의를 모화합물로 규정하고 적부판정을 위한 공정시험법을 개발하고자 하였다. 옥시테트라사이클린의 물리 화학적 특성을 고려하여 QuEChERS법을 이용한 추출 및 정제법을 최적화하여 LC-MS/MS에 의한 분석법을 확립하였다. 수용성 유기용매인 메탄올을 추출 용매로 사용하여 pH 조절 및 염화나트륨을 첨가하여 추출법을 최적화하고, d-SPE 흡착제를 이용하여 간섭물질을 효과적으로 제거하여 정제법을 확립하였다. 옥시테트라사이클린의 결정계수($r^2$)는 0.99 이상으로 높은 직선성을 보여주었고, 옥시테트라사이클린의 시험법 정량한계(LOQ)는 0.01 mg/kg이며, 대표 농산물 5종(현미, 감자, 대두, 감귤, 고추)에 대하여 LOQ (0.01 mg/kg), $10{\times}LOQ$ (0.1 mg/kg), $50{\times}LOQ$ (0.5 mg/kg) 수준으로 회수율 실험한 결과 평균 회수율(n=5)은 80.0~108.2%이었으며 상대표준편차는 11.4%이하로 확인되었다. 또한 실험실간 검증 결과 두 실험실간 회수율 결과에 따른 평균값은 83.5~103.2%이며 변이계수는 14.1% 이하로 조사되어, 본 연구는 국제식품규격위원회 가이드라인(Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC/GL 40)의 잔류농약 분석 기준 및 식품의약품안전평가원의 '식품등 시험법 마련 표준절차에 관한 가이드라인(2016)'에 적합한 수준임을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 시험법은 농산물 중 잔류할 수 있는 옥시테트라사이클린의 안전관리를 위한 공정시험법으로 활용 가능할 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.