• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1393-1401
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• 1990

The physical properties of \ulcorner-Fe2O3 raw materials were investigated. \ulcorner-Fe2O3/Pd thick film gas sensors were fabricated with screen-printing method and their electrical and sensitivity characteristics were analyzed. The irreversible phase transition from \ulcorner-Fe2O3 to \ulcorner-Fe2O3 occured at 500\ulcorner. At this time, the cation of tetrahedral sites moved into the octahedral sites. \ulcorner-Fe2O3 raw materials contained only trivalent and no divalent iron. Thecontents of divalent iron (Fe+\ulcorner were increased as detecting gases were adsorbed. The addition of Pd (1w/o) to \ulcorner-Fe2O3 enhanced the sensitivity to gases. The sentivity of \ulcorner-Fe2O3/Pd(1w/o) thick film to 5000ppm C4H10 was 97% at the operating temperature of 300\ulcorner.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.96-99
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• 2005

Phase transition from normal- to inverse-spinel structure has been observed for $Fe_xCo_{3-x}O_4$ thin films as the Fe composition (x) increases from 0 to 2. The samples were fabricated as thin films by sol-gel method on Si(100) substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed a coexistence of two phases, normal and inverse spinel, for $0.76{\le}x{\le}0.93$. The normal-spinel phase is dominant for $x{\le}0.55$ while the inverse-spinel phase for $x{\ge}l.22$. The cubic lattice constant of the inverse-spinel phase is larger than that of the normal-spinel phase. For both phases the lattice constant increases with increasing x. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that both $Fe^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ ions exist with similar strength in the x=0.93 sample. Conversion electron $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ spectra measured on the same sample showed that $Fe^{2+}$ ions prefer the octahedral $Co^{3+}$ sites, indicating the formation of the inverse-spinel phase. Analysis on the measured optical absorption spectra for the samples by spectroscopic ellipsometry indicates the dominance of the normal spinel phase for low x in which $Fe^{3+}$ ions tend to substitute the octahedral sites.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2007

We have studied the temperature dependent magnetic properties and crystalline phase transitionn in small amount Fe doped nickel chromite. The Crystalline structure of $NiCr_{1.7}Fe_{0.3}O_4$ is spinel cubic (Fd-3m) structure with a lattice constant $a_0=8.317\AA$ at room temperature. The magnetic $N\acute{e}el$ temperature $(T_N)$ of the Fe doped nickel chromite sample is determined to be 250 K. The $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ spectra exhibit that there are two magnetic phases with the two different sites for the $Cr^{3+}$ ions. The spectrum at 4.2 K is fitted to two magnetic components of the magnetic hyperfine fields $H_{hf}=496$ and 485 kOe. From the spectrum at 295 K, the electric quadrupole splittings are observed with large values of 0.49 and 0.50 mm/s, respectively. The values of the isomer shifts at all temperature ranges show that the Fe ions are ferric states. We are suggested that the dynamic Jahn-Teller distortion and anisotropic magnetic relaxation effects due to the crystalline phase transition.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.25-33
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• 1994

Temperature dependences of the remanent polarization $P_{\gamma}$/(T), effective birefringence ㅿｎ(T). dielectric constant K(T) and quadratic electro-optic coefficient R(T) of the two-stage sintered xBa(La$_{1/2}$Nb$_{1/2}$)O$_3$Pb$(Zr_{y}Ti_{1-y})O-{3}$(x=0.085, 0.09, 0.40$\leq$y$\leq$0.70)ceramics were investigated. Increasing the PbZrO$_3$ contents, the crystal structure of a specimen was varied from tetragonal and rhombohedral to cubic, and the phase transition was showed a diffuse phase transition(DPT) characteristics. Especially. in the compositions which located on the PE-FE phase boundary were showed a discrepancy between curie temperature and temperature range which a macroscopic polarization and a effective birefringence were disappeared.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

Mechanical properties of Y2O3-containing tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystals(Y-TZP) were investigated. Several additives were used to modify the hardness and fracture toughness of Y-TZP. The effects of these individual additives were discussed and their interactions were also analysed. Each additive, such as CoO, Fe2O3, MnO2 was found to deteriorate the mechanical properties of Y-TZP when it was used singly. But the fracture toughness of Y-TZP was significantly improved when these additives and Al2O3 were added in combination at a certain ratio. The addition of CoO, Fe2O3 and MnO2 into Y-TZP resulted in the more complex behavior of fracture toughness and hardness. The specimen with 1.5 wt%-Fe2O3, 3.0 wt% -Al2O3 and 1.5 wt%-CoO showed the monoclinic to tetragonal phase ratio of 18% and the highest toughness of $10.8MPa{\cdot}m1/2$ with Vickers hardness of 1201 kgf/mm2. However, the toughness decreased as the ratio increased and macrocracks developed beyond the ratio of 25%. Sample No. 16 is improved high Physical and Mechanical Properties.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.863-870
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• 2002

$Pb(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$의 $Ta^{5+}$을 $Ta^{5+}$과 이온반경이 같고 원자량이 약 1/2배인 $Nb^{5+}$으로 치환한 $Pb{{Fe_{1/2}(Ta_(1-x)Nb_x)_{1/2}}O_3$ (x=0.0∼1.0) 고용체를 단일상으로 합성하여 그 유전특성 및 B자리 양이온 질서배열구조를 조사하였다. $Pb(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$는 유전완화현상 및 완만한 상전이가 뚜렷하게 관찰되는 전형적인 완화형 강유전특성을 보였지만, $Ta^{5+}$이 $Nb^{5+}$으로 치환됨에 따라 유전완화현상은 감소하고 상전이는 급격해져 결국 $Pb(Fe_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$는 유전완화현상이 전혀 관찰되지 않는 정상 강유전특성을 보였다. Raman 분광법에 의해 $Pb(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$의 $Fe^{3+}$과 $Ta^{5+}$은 XRD는 물론 TEM의 제한시야회절패턴으로도 검출하기 어려울 정도의 단거리영역에서 화학양론적으로 1:1 질서배열하고 있으며, $Ta^{5+}$이 $Nb^{5+}$으로 치환됨에 따라 $Fe^{3+}$과 ($Ta^{5+}-Nb^{5+}$) 간의 질서배열은 약화되어 결국 $Pb(Fe_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$의 $Fe^{3+}$과 $Nb^{5+}$은 완전 무질서배열하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. $Pb(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$의 완화형 강유전특성은 B자리 양이온들이 XRD는 물론 TEM의 제한시야회절패턴으로도 검출하기 어려울 정도의 단거리영역에서 화학양론적 1:1 질서배열을 하고 있는 것과, 또 $Pb(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$의 $Ta^{5+}$이 $Nb^{5+}$으로 치환됨에 따라 완화형 강유전특성이 감소되는 것은 이 질서배열이 약화되는 것과 그리고 $Pb(Fe_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$의 정상 강유전특성은 B자리 양이온들이 완전 무질서배열을 하고 있는 것과 연관지을 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

Transition metal ions doped $TiO_2$ nanostructured powders were prepared with simply heating aqueous $TiOCl_2$ solutions, contained various metal ions (Ni, Al, Fe, Zr, and Nb) of 1.47 mol% added as metal-chlorides, at $100^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs by homogeneous precipitation process under suppressing conditions of water vaporization. The characterizations for prepared $TiO_2$ powders were carried out to observe doping of metal ions, their concentrations and microstructures using XRD, UV-VIS (DRS), XPS, SEM, TEM and ICP. Also, photo-oxidative abilities were evaluated by decomposition of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) under ultraviolet light irradiations. No secondary oxide phases were formed in all the $VTiO_2$ powders, showing doping with various transition metal ions. When adding ions ($Ni^{2+}$ or$ Al^{3+ }$ and $Zr^{4+}$ ) having valance states or ionic radii greatly different from those of $Ti^{4+}$ , the $TiO_2$ powders of mixed anatase and rutile phases were formed, whereas in the case of additions of $^Fe{3+ }$ and $Nb^{ 5+}$ as well as no addition of metal ion the powders with pure rutile phase alone were formed. Among the prepared $TiO_2$ powders, Ni$^{2+}$ doped $TiO_2$ powders, containing a small amount of anatase phase, showed excellent photo-oxidative ability in 4CP decomposition because of relative decreases in electron-hole recombination and poisoning of $TiO_2$ surface during the photoreaction.n.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2004

천연산 헤덴버자이트(Ca,Fe) $SiO_3$ 시료에 대해 일정한 압력 하에서 약 $1200^{\circ}C$ 정도로 가열한 후, x-선 회절실험을 시행하였더니 14～24 GPa 압력구간에서 등축정계에 속하는 석류석 상이 관찰 되었다. $CaSiO_3$-석류석 상에 대한 체적탄성률 = 155 GPa 및 $V_{\Phi}$ = 6.58 km/sec 및 기타 탄성특성을 유사구조의 계통과 $KV_{m}$ = 상수 및 $V_{\Phi}$$M^{$\frac{1}{2}$}$ = 상수 관계식을 이용하여 추정하였다 석류석 상은 천연산 헤덴버자이트에 상당량 포함되어 있는 Mn과 많은 미량원소에 의해 상당히 넓은 압력에 걸쳐 안정영역을 구축하며, 비가역적 반응을 보인다. Ca의 포용광물로 $CaSiO_3$-석류석 상은 맨틀전이대의 주요 광물상의 하나로 간주할 수 있다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

(111)-oriented and random oriented $Pb_{0.8}Ba_{0.2}ZrO_3$ (PBZ) perovskite relaxor ferroelectric thin films were fabricated on Pt(111)/$TiO_x$/$SiO_2$/Si substrate by sol-gel method. Nano-scaled antiferroelectric and ferroelectric two-phase coexisted in both (111)-oriented and random oriented PBZ thin film. High dielectric tunability (${\eta}=75%$, E = 560 kV/cm) and figure-of-merit (FOM ~ 236) at room temperature was obtained in (111)-oriented thin film. Meanwhile, giant electrocaloric effect (ECE) (${\Delta}T=45.3K$ and ${\Delta}S=46.9JK^{-1}kg^{-1}$ at $598kVcm^{-1}$) at room temperature (290 K), rather than at its Curie temperature (408 K), was observed in random oriented $Pb_{0.8}Ba_{0.2}ZrO_3$ (PBZ) thin film, which makes it a promising material for the application to cooling systems near room temperature. The giant ECE as well as high dielectric tunability are attributed to the coexistence of AFE and FE phases and field-induced nano-scaled AFE to FE phase transition.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.447-453
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• 1999

Czochralski법으로 congruent한 조성(48.6 mol% $LiNbO_2$)과 $LiNbO_3$: Mg(4.5, 6.0, 10.0, 20.0mol%), $LiNbO_3$ : Mn(0.1 mol%), $LiNbO_3$: Fe(0.05 mol%), $LiNbO_3$ : (Mg(4.5)+Mn(0.1), Fe(0.05 mol%)), LiNbO3 : (Mg(20.0)+Mn(0.1), Fe(0.05 mol%))인 융액으로부터 결정을 c-축 방향으로 성장시켰다. 이 결정들은 상온에서의 XRD pattern과 상온~$1230^{\circ}C$의 온도영역과 100Hz~10MHz의 주파수영역에서의 유전상수, 상온에서의 UV_VIS, IR 스펙트럼, 결정내의 Mn2+, Fe3+ 이온에 대한 ESR 스펙트럼 등을 측정하였는데 XRD pattern과 상전이 온도, UV 흡수단, OH- 이온에 의한 스펙트럼, ESR 스펙트럼 등의 Mg첨가량 의존성으로부터 Mg가 첨가된 $LiNbO_3$ 결정의 결함구조에 대해서 논의하였다. congruent한 $LiNbO_3$결정과 Mg를 첨가한 $LiNbO_3$ 결정에서의 Mn2+ 이온은 Mg의 첨가량에 관계없이 Li+을 치환한다. 그러나 congruent한 $LiNbO_3$ 결정과 Mg를 첨가한 $LiNbO_3$ 결정에서의 Fe3+ 이온은 Mg가 4.5 mol% 첨가된 결정에서는 Li+ 자리를 Mg가 6.0 mol% 이상 첨가된 결정에서는 {{{{ { Nb}`_{Li } ^{5+ } }}}} 자리를 치환한다.