• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제29회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2004

Stability of laminar premixed planar flames inclined in gravitational field which generate vorticity is asymptotically examined. The flame structure is resolved by a large activation energy asymptotics and a long wave approximation. The coupling between hydrodynamics and diffusion processes is included and near-unity Lewis number is assumed. The results show that as the flame is more inclined from the horizontal plane it becomes more unstable due to not only the decrease of stabilizing effect of gravity but also the increase of destabilizing effect of rotational flow. The obtained dispersion relation involves the Prandtl number and shows the destabilizing effect of viscosity. The analysis predicts that the phase velocity of unstable flame wave depends on not only the flame angle but also the Lewis number. For relatively short wave disturbances, still much larger than flame thickness, the most unstable wavelength is nearly independent on the flame angle and the flame can be stabilized by gravity and diffusion mechanism.

• 한국연소학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2004

Stability of laminar premixed planar flames inclined in the gravitational field is asymptotically examined. The flame structure is resolved by a large activation energy asymptotics and a long wave approximation. The coupling between hydrodynamics and diffusion processes is included and near-unity Lewis number is assumed. The results show that as the flame is more inclined from the horizontal plane it becomes more unstable due to not only the decrease of stabilizing effect of gravity but also the increase of destabilizing effect of rotational flow. The obtained dispersion relation involves the Prandtl number and shows the destabilizing effect of viscosity. The analysis predicts that the phase velocity of unstable flame wave depends on not only the flame angle but also the Lewis number. For relatively short wave disturbances, still much larger than flame thickness, the most unstable wavelength is nearly independent on the flame angle and the flame can be stabilized by gravity and diffusion mechanism.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
• /
• pp.885-887
• /
• 1999

The piezoelectric ceramic resonator using length extensional vibration rather than contour extensional vibration in terms of the size is suitable for personal portable communication. In this paper, $Pb(Zr_{x}Ti_{l-x})O_{3}$ + r[wt%]$Cr_{2}O_{3}$ ceramics, x=0.56, 0.53, 0.50 (ie, Zr/Ti ratios = 56 /44, 53/47, 50/50) r=0, 0.3[wt %], were fabricated. Temperature stability of length extensional vibration mode of those specimens was investigated. Both crystal structure with rhombohedral phase in the case of no addition of $Cr_{2}O_{3}$ and crystal structure with morphotrophic phase boundary in case of additions of 0.3[wt %]$Cr_{2}O_{3}$ had the vest temperature stability and improved temperature stability through thermal aging.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.881-884
• /
• 2000

Recently mobile communication fields need piezoelectric ceramic resonators and filters as possible as small. The length-extensional vibration mode of a rectangular piezoelectric cesamic plate has the advantage of the small size, but the mode has not been studied sufficiently because it was not used extensively until now. In this paper, PZT + x[wt%l $Cr_20_3$ ceramics with rhombohedra1 phase were fabricated. And temperature stability for the mode of the ceramic specimen was investigated. Contrary to our expectations, addition of the stabilizer, $Cr_20_3$ did not promote the temperature stability for the mode in the PZT ceramic specimen with rhombohedra1 phase.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2021

This paper proposes an adaptive time-delayed control approach with the integral sliding-mode surface for the fast convergence rate of robot manipulators. Adaptive switching gain aims to guarantee the system stability in such a way as to suppress time-delayed estimation error in the proposed control approach. Moreover, it makes an effort to increase the convergence ability in reaching the phase. An integral sliding-mode surface is employed to achieve a fast convergence rate in the sliding phase. The stability of the proposed one is proved to be asymptotically stable in the Lyapunov stability. The efficiency of the proposed control approach is illustrated with a tutorial example in robot manipulator, which is compared to that of the existing control approach.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.215-225
• /
• 2013

The alloys required for fossil power plants are altered from stainless steel that has been used below $600^{\circ}C$ to Ni-based alloys that can operate at $700^{\circ}C$ for Hyper Super Critical (HSC) steam turbine. The IN740 alloy (Special Metals Co. USA) is proposed for improved rupture strength and corrosion resistance at high temperature. However, previous studies with experiments and simulations on stable phases at about $700^{\circ}C$ indicated the formation of the eta phase with the wasting of a gamma prime phase, which is the most important reinforced phase in precipitation hardened Ni alloys, and this resulted in the formation of precipitation free zones to decrease the strength. On the basis of thermodynamic calculation, the new Ni-based superalloy named LESS 1 (Low Eta Sigma Superalloy) was designed in this study to improve the strengthening effect and structure stability by depressing the formation of topologically close packed phases, especially sigma and eta phases at high temperature. A thermal exposure test was carried out to determine the microstructure stability of LESS 1 in comparison with IN740 at $800^{\circ}C$ for 300 hrs. The experimental results show that a needle-shaped eta phase was formed in the grin boundary and it grew to intragrain, and a precipitation free zone was also observed in IN740, but these defects were entirely controlled in LESS 1.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2009

The effects of Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) and Annealed Martensite (AM) heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties were investigated for 0.24C-0.5Si-1.5Mn-1Al steels. The Q&P steels were annealed at a single phase ($\gamma$) or a dual phase (${\gamma}+{\alpha}$), followed by quenching to a temperature between $M_s$ and $M_f$. Then, enriching carbon was conducted to stabilize the austenite through the partitioning, followed by water quenching. The AM steels were intercritically annealed at a dual phase (${\gamma}+{\alpha}$) temperature and austempered at $M_s$ and $M_s{\pm}50^{\circ}C$, followed by cooling in oil quenching. The dual phase Q&P steels showed lower tensile strength and yieldyield strength than those of the single phase Q&P steels, and tThe elongation for the dual phase Q&P steel was partitioning 100s higher than that of that for the single phase Q&P steels as the partitioning time was less than 100s up to partitioning 100s. For AM steels, the tensile/yield strength decreased and the total elongation increased as the austempering temperature increased. The stability of the retained austenite controlled the elongation for Q&P steels and the volume fraction of the retained austenite controlled the elongation for AM steels.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2009

최근 공학적으로 응용 범위가 넓은 액체-기체의 2상 유동장에 대한 전산 해석이 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 밀도차가 큰 압축성 2상 유동장을 해석하기에 적합하도록 기존에 개발된 RoeM과 AUSMPW+ 공간 이산화 기법을 확장하였다. RoeM과 AUSMPW+에서 사용되는 충격파 포착항을 2상 혼합류의 상태방정식으로부터 새롭게 정의하여, 밀도와 음속이 상이한 두 유체에서도 정확성을 보장하면서 충격파 불안정성을 제거할 수 있도록 하였다. 개발된 2상 유동 RoeM과 AUSMPW+를 몇 가지 예제 문제에 적용하여 검증하였으며, 해석 결과는 두 수치기법이 일반적인 2상 유동에서도 충격파 안정적이며 정확한 특성을 갖는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.311-314
• /
• 1998

The effects of the additions of transition metal oxides on ZrO$_2$ - Y$_2$O$_3$ (Y$_2$O$_3$ - containing tetragonal zirconia polycrystals : Y-TZP) system has been studied by investigating fracture toughness and phase stability of the sintered specimens. In the specimens sintered at 1450$^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs in air the phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic was observed. The ratios of monoclinic phase to tetragonal phase were changed with the additions of CoO, Fe$_2$O$_3$ and MnO$_2$, respectively, from 0.00 to 8.00wt%. The fracture toughness was increased with increasing the monoclinic to tetragonal phase ratio and was maximum at the ratio of about 18%. However, the hardness was decreased with increasing the ratio. The additions of CoO, Fe$_2$O$_3$ and MnO$_2$ together into Y-TZP resulted in more complex behaviors of fracture toughness and hardness. The specimen with the additions of 1.5wt% Fe$_2$O$_3$, 3.0wt% Al$_2$O$_3$ and 1.5wt% CoO showed the monoclinic to tetragonal phase ratio of 18% and the highest toughness of 10.8 MPa.m$\^$$\frac{1}{2}$/ and Vickers hardness of 1201kgf/mm$^2$.

• 전자공학회논문지C
• /
• 제36C권2호
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 1999

변조된 Passband 신호의 동기 검파 방식의 복조(Coherent Demodulation)에서 대부분의 수신 신호 decision에서 나타나는 실제적인 문제는 그 성상도가 회전하는 경우이다. 일단 성상도가 회전하는 경우이다. 일단 성상도가 회전하게 되면 수신단에서는 유효한 성상도와 구별해 낼 수 있는 방법이 없다. 그러나 수신기는 회전된 성상도에 의해 수신된 위상을 결정하므로 이러한 문제를 극복해 낼 수 없다면 그 결과는 계속되는 에러로 나타나게 된다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 QPSK 복조기에서의 주파수 옵셋과 위상 오차를 극복하기 위한 Carrier Recovery Loop에 대해서 살펴보고 나서 위상 Rotation을 방지하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 검출된 위상 오차를 주파수 옵셋 교정에 선별적으로 적용함으로써 Phase rotation의 발생을 줄일 수 있다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제시한 방법의 타당성을 검증하였다.