• 생약학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.180-187
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• 1989

Systematic pharmacological studies on powdered whole part of unossified antler obtained from Cervus nippon Temminck var. mantchuricus have been carried out in mice and rats. Powdered antler, with a single oral administration, showed a very weak acute and subacute toxicity; its MLD being >5g/kg orally in mice. On daily oral treatments of the antler for 14 days, it did not cause any significant differences in body weight gain, various organ weights and serum transaminase activities compared to those of the control rats. Powdered antler, with a single oral administration, showed a remarkable analgesic activity as evaluated by writhing syndrome and tail-pressure test, a weak CNS depressant activity as well as a weak immunopotentiating action as evaluated by carbon clearance test in mice. Powdered antler, with repeated treatments, showed a moderate antifatigue effect against immobilized stress and showed significant increases in both adrenal weight and its ascorbic acid content in rats, suggesting that the mode of antifatigue effect of antler is related to adrenal and its components.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.69-69
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• 2023

Safflower seeds, classified as a member of the Asteraceae family, a dicotyledonous plant, contain linoleic acid as a major component, known for its pharmacological effect of strengthening bones. Additionally, safflower seeds have been reported to have pharmacological effects on vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of safflower seed extract by examining its impact on adipocyte differentiation using Oil Red O staining, triglyceride quantification, and GPDH activity measurement. The results showed that safflower seed extract significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, we confirmed that safflower seed extract improved body weight, liver weight, adipose tissue size, glucose, and triglyceride levels in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model. These findings suggest that safflower seed extract exhibits potent anti-obesity activity both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential to be developed as a material for future anti-obesity therapies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

Many herbs have been used as therapeutics in Korean traditional medicine. In view of their clinical indications, anti-oxidant activity may contribute to their pharmacological effects. However, anti-oxidant information on these plants has not been available. In this study, seventy herbs which have been used in Korean traditional medicine were selected and screened for anti-oxidant activity using their water extracts. The anti-oxidant activity was assessed by their ability to inhibit three oxidation reactions; luminol/Fenton reagent, 2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein(DCHF)/Fenton reagent and DCHF/peroxynitrite. In each assay, 70 herbs were divided into two groups; anti-oxidant group which inhibited the respective oxidation reaction and was majority(about 60 herbs), and pro-oxidant group which enhanced the oxidation reaction but was minority(more or less 10 herbs). When the herbs were listed in the order of their anti-oxidant strength, the orders obtained from each assay were found to be quite similar. The upper top rankers(more or less 10 herbs) in each assay showed strong activity compared to the others. The uppermost rankers in each assay were Rubus coreanus Miquel/Rubus schizostylus(覆盆子), Schisandra chinensis Baillon/Schizandra chinensis(五味子) and Terminalia chebula Retziusl Terminalia chebula(訶子). Of the pro-oxidant herbs, about 4-5 herbs were strongly pro-oxidant, which enhanced the control oxidation reactions to 150-300%. But the meaning of this observation is not known since few of them in one assay were also anti-oxidant in other assays. The results obtained in the present study may serve as information for understanding pharmacological effects of these herbs and developing new drugs from them.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1317-1323
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• 2005

In an attempt to examine the ability of benzisothiazole-based drugs to interact with $\beta$-adrenoceptors, a series of 1,2-benzisothiazole derivatives, which were substituted with various propanolamine or oxypropanolamine side chains in the 2 or 3 position, were synthesised and tested. The pharmacological activity of these compounds at the ,$\beta$-adrenoceptors was examined using isolated rat atria and small intestinal segments, which preferentially express the $\beta_{1}$- and $\beta_{3}$-adrenoceptor-mediated responses, respectively. None of these products showed any $\beta$-adrenoceptor agonistic activity. In contrast, the 2- and 3-substituted isopropyl, tert-butyl, benzyl, and piperonyl derivatives 2a-d and 3a-d elicited surmountable inhibition of the isoprena­line-induced chronotropic effects in the atria, suggesting competitive antagonism at the $\beta_{1}$­recognition site. The $pA_{2}$ values revealed tert-butyl 3b and the isopropyl substituted piperonyl derivatives 3a to be the most effective. Remarkably, many of the 2-substituted propanolamines were less active than the corresponding 3-substituted oxypropanolamines. With the exception of compound 3b, none of these drugs antagonised the muscle relaxant activity of isoprenaline in the intestine, suggesting no effect on the $\beta_{3}$-adrenoceptors. These results confirm the ability of the benzisothiazole ring to interact with the $\beta$-adrenoceptors, and demonstrate that 2-substitution with propanolamine or 3-substitution with oxypropanolamine groups yields compounds with preferential antagonistic activity at the cardiac $\beta_{1}$adrenoceptors. The degree of antagonism depends strongly on both the nature of the substituent and its position on the benzisothiazole ring.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.334-338
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• 2007

Roots of Rumex crispus (Rc) (Polygonaceae) has been used as therapeutic agents of acute and chronic cutaneous diseases, cathartics, fever and jaundice in folk medicines. Recently, Seeds of Rc has known as a digestive, an anticancer agent and a remedy of acute hepatitis, among many traditional folk medicines. So far it isn't reported about pharmacological effects of Rumecis Semen. The present study describes the preliminary evaluations of biological activities, anti-inflammatory activity (AA, Carrageenan) analgesic activity (writhing test), and hepatoprotective activities ($CCl_4$), of its methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction. Among them butanol fraction showed the highest activity in analgesic acivity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2009

Pharmacological investigations were carried out with aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. (Meliaceae) leaves. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the $LD_{50}$ dose of AME was 600 mg/kg, i.p. AME was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute, sub-chronic and chronic models of inflammation. AME selectively inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity, which is involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and biosynthesis of prostaglandins under inflammatory conditions. Treatment with AME significantly enhanced total peritoneal cell count and the number of macrophages in normal mice, which revealed that AME may also alter the immune response along with its anti-inflammatory effect. The saponins or the alkaloids present in AME may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2009

The pharmacological interest coupled with traditional uses (antidiarrhoeal, antiseptic, analgesic etc) prompted us to test for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and diuretic activitities of Trema (T.) orientalis Linn. The crude methanolic leaves extract of T. orientalis was investigated for its possible anti-inflammatory activities using carrageenin induced rat paw edema model and cotton pellet implantation method in mice. Then the extract analyzed for its antinociceptive activities by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. The extract possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity in both models at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of mice. Moreover, the extract showed significantly reduced the number of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in mice of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The extract also showed positive diuretic activity in albino mice.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.385-389
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• 2007

We undertook the present study to evaluate different pharmacological as antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the crude ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia (Family: Cucurbitaceae) leaves. The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. The extract showed antioxidant activity where $IC_{50}$ was about ${\sim}500{\mu}g/ml\;and\;IC_{50}$ was about ${\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$ for standard drug ascorbic acid. The extract showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the tested gram positive and gram-negative bacteria where Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae were prominent. And the zones of inhibition were ranging from 8-15 mm for all the tested bacteria. Its cytotoxic property was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The extract showed significant lethality and the $LC_{50}$ value was $20{\mu}g/ml$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2003

In the present study, the roots of Sesbania grandiflora L. Poiret (Papilionaceae) were successively extracted with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CE), methanol (ME) and water (AE) by soxhlet extraction. The extracts were vacuum dried and screened for analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antibacterial (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumonia) and antifungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) activity. All the extracts exhibited potent, dose dependant (40 and 80 mg/kg) and significant analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activity in the order of AE>PE>CE>ME and ME>PE>AE>CE respectively. AE at the experimental dose was found to exhibit more potent analgesic activity than standard drug. All the extracts exhibited significant antibacterial $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and antifungal activity $(50\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/ml)$. ME exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.377-385
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• 1988

The biologically active component of licoris(Glycyrrhizae Radix L.) is considered to be glycyrrhetinic acid, an aglycone of glycyrrhizin, on the basis of chemical and pharmacological studies. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the hepatic morphine-6-dehydrogenase activity, which catalize morphine to morphinone. Morphine-6-dehydrogenase was further purified by centrifugation, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ fractionation, sephadex G-100, hydroxyapatite column. Hepatic morphine-6-dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased by the treatment of glycyrrhetinic acid. When effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the hepatic morphine-6-dehydrogenase was investigated in vitro, it was powerfully inhibited the enzyme activity with dose-dependent manner. From the above results, glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits hepatic morphine-6-dehydrogenase activity and decreases the morphine induced harmful side effects.