• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1991

An HPLC assay method of a drug to be applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of the drug should be completely validated. The validation process for an HPLC assay method in a biological sample was discussed using the data obtained from the development of HPLC method for the simultaneous quantitation of verapamil and norverapamil in human serum. The validation criteria included were specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, recovery, drug stability, and ruggedness of an assay method.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.282.1-282.1
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• 2003

This study established a sensitive novel Quantification method for detecting glimepiride in human plasma using LC-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic studies. The mobile phase used after degassing was composed of 10 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile (20:80, pH 3.0), with flow rate of 200uL/min. One mL plasma were pipetted into glass tubes and spiked with 0.1 mL of internal standard solution. (omitted)

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.108-108
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• 1995

Pharmacokinetic studies on time-course of blood levels, tissue distribution, and excretion of G009, a potential hepatoprotective agent, were performed in male rats after a single oral dose(20mg/kg) of $\^$14/C-labelled G009. The radioactivity concentrations in plasma during 0～3 hours are low, but subsequently increase to a maximum at 12 hours after dosing. $\^$14/C-G009 was well distributed to all tissue. Tissue concentration profiles of radioactivity vary among tissues on time-course after administration. G009(single oral dosage) was distributed and/or absorbed at gastric intestines and excretional organs for initial time of 0-7 hours, and distributed to most tissue at 12-24 hours. In special, the concentration of radioactivity in tiller at 48 hours were 1% of total radioactivity of $\^$14/C-G009 administered. The expired air, urinary and fecal excretion of radioactivity within 24hours after administration were 61.5%, 1.9% and 21.2% of total radioactivity of $\^$14/C-G009 administered. The biliary excretion of radioactivity in rat increased slightly for 0-6 hours after administration. The biliary excretion of radioactivity within 48hours were 1.97%.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2017

In this study, multi-chambered single autoinjector(2in1) and KMARK-1 containing atropine and 2-PAM(pyridine-2-aldoxime methylchloride) were administered to the beagle's muscle, and blood samples were taken for a certain period of time to compare and evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of the two drugs. Male beagles were used and classified into two test groups(G1, G2), and crossover pharmacokinetic studies were performed in two test groups. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for analysis after administration. The 90 % confidence interval(CI) for log transformed data indicated that the Cmax for both atropine(log 0.9683 ~ log 1.113) and 2-PAM(log 0.9453 ~ log 1.214) was within the limits of bioequivalence criteria, but the AUC for atropine(log 1.1786 ~ log 1.3238) failed to meet this criteria. This is expected as the amount of atropine dose is 25 % higher for the test as compared to the reference formulation. In summary, in view of the ATNAA(antidote for nerve agent of US) authorization, the Cmax equivalence was more important than AUC equivalence, so in this study, we also focused on verifying the equality of Cmax between the two autoinjectors.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

아목시실린(AMOX)의 수온에 따른 약동학적 특성과 잔류량을 알아보기 위해 넙치(평균 100 g)를 $(17{\pm}2)^{\circ}C$ 및 $(22{\pm}2)^{\circ}C$에 수용하여 1회 근육투여한 후 시간에 따른 혈장, 간, 신장의 잔류농도를 HPLC-UVD로 분석하였다. 이 측정결과를 바탕으로 2-compartmental model로 PKSolver program을 이용하여 AMOX의 반감기, AUC 등의 pharmacokinetic parameter를 조사하였다. 혈장, 간, 신장의 최고농도 및 도달시간의 범위가 각각 $27.23-257.36{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ (0.05-0.91 h), $5.49-41.65{\mu}g/g$ (1.36-3.28 h), $16.75-129.31{\mu}g/g$ (1.95-4.49 h)으로 나타났다. 수온에 따른 잔류기간을 시험하기 위해 어체중 kg 당 40 및 400 mg을 투여한 후 LC-MS/MS로 분석하였다. 40 mg/kg은 5일 후, 400 mg/kg은 7일 후에 각각 최대잔류허용량인 0.05 mg/kg 이하로 검출되었다.

• 셀메드
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.17.1-17.8
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• 2014

Herbal remedies are commonly used by patients worldwide. Because these herbal preparations share the same metabolic and transport proteins with prescribed medicines, the potential for a drug-herb interaction is substantial and is an issue of significant concern. This review paper summarizes drug-herb interactions involving inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes, drug transporters as well as modulation of drug pharmacodynamics. An increasing number of in vitro and animal studies, case reports and clinical trials evaluating such interactions have been reported, and implications of these studies are discussed in this review. The most commonly implicated drugs in the interaction include anticoagulants, antiplatelets, immunosuppressants, anti-neoplastics, protease inhibitors, and some antidepressants. Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic interactions of five commonly used herbal remedies (danshen, garlic, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and St John's wort) with these drugs are presented, with focus of discussion being the potentials for interaction, their mechanisms and clinical implications. There is a necessity for adequate pharmacovigilance to be carried out in minimizing unanticipated but often preventable drug-herb interactions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1987

In order to reduce gastric irritation in the stomach of iron preparations, ferroglycine fumarate (FGF) granules coated with hydroxyethylcellulose was made by matrix granulator, and the constrained optimization method, employing the Lagrange equation, was successfully applied to the manufacturing process design of controlled release tablets. The effects of stearic acid and dried corn starch on tablet hardness, friability, dissolution rate $t_{50%}$ and tablet volume were found to be very significant. In rabbit test, pharmacokinetic parameters $(K_a,\;C_{max}\;and\;AUC^{0-12})$ and urinary excretion rate $(K_e)$ of the controlled release FGF tablets were higher than those of controlled release ferroglycine sulfate tablets which were manufactured in the same optimal conditions. Controlled release FGF tablets were more stable than controlled release ferroglycine sulfate tablets in accelerated storage conditions.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.241.3-242
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• 2003

A simple, specific and sensitive method for the determination of methyltestosterone (MT) in human serum has been developed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with the purpose of conducting pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of MT. This method involves the use of liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether and derivatization with MSTFA, using 1 ml of serum obtained from volunteers orally taken 50 mg MT. MT showed good resolutions in this conditions and no significant interfering peaks were observed. (omitted)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.801-812
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• 1995

CR asthma is associated with disease chronicity, a positive family history of asthma and in vitro and in vivo defects in mononuclear cell function. The HPA axis in CR asthmatics is suppressed normally by dexamethasone and the pharmacokinetic profile of an oral dose of prednisolone is similar to that found in CS subjects. In addition, competitive binding studies have shown that the ligand binding and nuclear translocation functions of the GR are similar in the two groups. Studies using gel retardation assay have indicated a defect in DNA binding in CR subjects. Chemical mutational analysis of the GR has shown that is not due to a defect in its structure at the cDNA level. Scatchard analysis of the GR/DNA and GR/ligand interactions suggests that there may be transcriptional interference of the GR with other transcriptionally active molecules leading to defective gene transcription.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.969-972
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• 2002

The alteration in the pharmacokinetic behaviors of organic cations (OCs) in rats during acute inflammation (AI) was investigated. AI was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg) 24 hr prior to the start of pharmacokinetic studies. Tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA) was selected as a model OC since it is largely excreted into bile, and is neither metabolized nor binds to proteins in the body. When TBuMA was administered intravenously to AI rats at a dose of 6.6 $\mu$mole/kg, the AUC was increased, while biliary excretion (i.e., cumulative amount and apparent clearance) was decreased compared to normal rats. When TBuMA was administered intravenously to AI rats at a constant rate (i.e., a bolus injection at a dose of 1.5 $\mu$mole/kg followed by a constant infusion at a rate of 1.5 $\mu$mole/kg/hr for 165 min), steady-state concentrations of plasma and liver concentrations of TBuMA were increased significantly, while in vivo hepatic uptake (amount) and canalicular excretion (clearance) were decreased. These results are consistent with a hypothesis in which both the sinusoidal uptake of TBuMA into hepatocytes via the OCT1 and the canalicular excretion of the compound from hepatocytes via the P-gp are decreased by LPS-induced AI.