• 약학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2014

Pharmacists must be aware of veterinary drugs to prevent abuse and misuse of the drugs, and to ensure the safety of livestock under the veterinarian prescription system. In this study, the awareness of animal pharmacies was surveyed in order to find out the role of animal pharmacies and the necessity of veterinary drug education for pharmacists. Surveys were conducted by 187 animal owners and 115 community pharmacists. 80% of the animal owners had purchased drugs for their animals. 63% of respondents were not aware of the existence of animal pharmacies. The best selling drug class for animals was antiparasitic. The most common drug that respondents wanted to buy in animal pharmacies was also antiparasitic. About 80% of respondents answered affirmatively on the question of whether they would buy the drugs from animal pharmacies regardless of the location of the pharmacies. Most community pharmacists were aware of the existence of animal pharmacies. 70% of pharmacists had considered trading in veterinary drugs. 41% of respondents answered that they did not trade in them because they were not familiar with veterinary drugs. 80% of respondents answered that what they needed most was education in order to increase the number of animal pharmacies. Pharmacies for animal will expand the choice of animal owners, and enable pharmacists to improve their specialty as well as to diversify the pharmacy services. To achieve this, promotion of animal pharmacies and education about veterinary drugs for pharmacists would be needed in regular education system.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to examine the current turnover status of hospital pharmacists and to analyze the factors which affected the turnover of them after the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice. We surveyed 19 managers of hospital pharmacies and 154 hospital pharmacists. Results are as follows. Pharmacist manpower of hospital pharmacies was only $63.99\%$ in tertiary hospitals and $76.78\%$ in general hospitals respectively of the number of pharmacists before the separation of prescription and dispensing practice. The ratio of those who left hospital pharmacies during the period of January 2000 and October 2001 was $80.23\%$ for tertiary hospitals, and $100.84\%$ for general hospitals. Decrease in the number of pharmacists brought the increase of work load and night duty. Major factors which affected the turnover of hospital pharmacists were found as following: income gap between hospital pharmacists and community pharmacists, increasing workload especially at night and on holidays, infrequent chance for the promotion, and low chance to provide clinical pharmacy services after the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice. Adequate manpower is the basic factor for providing hospital pharmacy services and improving clinical pharmacy services. The study suggested that proper number of hospital pharmacists is to be ensured through strengthening the legal requirement for the hospital pharmacists and improving health insurance reimbursement rate for the pharmaceutical services at hospital.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2013

Background: Although thromboembolism is common and one of the major causes of mortality in cancer patients, maintaining therapeutic anticoagulation effect with warfarin is challenging. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the causes of non-therapeutic INR (International Normalized Ratio) in cancer patients. Methods: Medical and pharmacy records for cancer patients managed by the pharmacist-run anticoagulation service (ACS) between May, 2010 and April, 2011 at Seoul National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The causes of non-therapeutic INR were identified and compared with the results from a former study with mechanical heart valve patients. Results: A total of 335 cancer patients and 6,737 patient-visits were analyzed producing 68% (n=4,590) of non-therapeutic INR readings. Eighty-five percent of the non-therapeutic INR readings were categorized as sub-therapeutic. Frequent causes linked to non-therapeutic INR included inadequate dosage adjustment (21.8%), changes in health status (11.8%), dietary changes (8.1%), and drug interactions (4.2%). More than half of the non-therapeutic INR values had no known etiology. As causes for non-therapeutic INR, changes in health status (p<0.0001), adverse reactions (p<0.0001), and dietary changes (p=0.017) were statistically more frequent in cancer patients than in patients with mechanical heart valves. Furthermore, exposure to sub-therapeutic INR were more prevalent in cancer patients than in patients with mechanical heart valve (p<0.0001). Conclusions: This study shows that there is a tendency to keep the level of INR low and that health status change, dietary change, and drug interactions are found to be frequent causes for non-therapeutic INR in cancer patients.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2013

Background: Many factors including drugs, dietary supplements, and food intake can affect the development and organ formation of fetuses. Because of this, subject tends to avoid consuming things like coffee, alcohol, or cigarettes due to the risks they pose during pregnancy. Therefore, analysis of drugs and favorite food consumption is needed and important to ensure safe health management for subject. Purpose: This study was conducted domestically to analyze these factors in South Korea. Method: The survey was conducted from pregnancy-related online communities for six days and the survey results were received via email for analysis. Result: A total of 127 subjects answered the questionnaire via email; the characteristics of subjects are widely varied in their ages, education levels, job statuses, and residences. The questionnaire included the intake of dietary supplements during pregnancy including vitamins and the result showed that the subjects took 2.23 different kinds of supplements on average. In order of highest frequency, 101 subjects took multivitamins; 79 subjects took an iron supplement; 30 subjects took analgesics; 20 subjects took prescribed antipyretic and medication for upper respiratory diseases; 12 subjects took antibiotics; 7 subjects took antiemetics. Their compliances were different in each medication categories. Only 8% of subjects answered that they had asked a pharmacist for medication information during pregnancy. In addition, 78% of subjects answered that they never counseled with anyone about pregnancy related medication use. Conclusion: In conclusion, many subjects took medication including dietary supplements. The role of pharmacists should be actively developed to improve subject care such as education about subject's medication uses and their food consumption behavior.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized children ranges between 12% and 24%. Although the consequences of hospital malnutrition are enormous, it is often unrecognized and untreated. The aim of this study was to identify the current status of in-hospital nutrition support for children in South Korea by carrying out a nationwide hospital-based survey. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Out of 345 general and tertiary hospitals in South Korea, a total of 53 institutes with pediatric gastroenterologists and more than 10 pediatric inpatients were selected. A questionnaire was developed by the nutrition committee of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. The questionnaires were sent to pediatric gastroenterologists in each hospital. Survey was performed by e-mails. RESULTS: Forty hospitals (75.5%) responded to the survey; 23 of them were tertiary hospitals, and 17 of them were general hospitals. Only 21 hospitals (52.5%) had all the required nutritional support personnel (including pediatrician, nutritionist, pharmacist, and nurse) assigned to pediatric patients. Routine nutritional screening was performed in 22 (55.0%) hospitals on admission, which was lower than that in adult patients (65.8%). Nutritional screening tools varied among hospitals; 33 of 40 (82.5%) hospitals used their own screening tools. The most frequently used nutritional assessment parameters were weight, height, hemoglobin, and serum albumin levels. In our nationwide hospital-based survey, the most frequently reported main barriers of nutritional support in hospitals were lack of manpower and excessive workload, followed by insufficient knowledge and experience. CONCLUSIONS: Although this nationwide hospital-based survey targeted general and tertiary hospitals with pediatric gastroenterologists, manpower and medical resources for nutritional support were still insufficient for hospitalized children, and nutritional screening was not routinely performed in many hospitals. More attention to hospital malnutrition and additional national policies for nutritional support in hospitals are required to ensure appropriate nutritional management of hospitalized pediatric patients.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2006년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.1051-1054
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• 2006

의료정보에서 XML을 이용하여 만들어질 웹 문서로 의약분업으로 인한 약국에 전달되는 처방전, 건강보험공단에 진료비 청구를 위한 EDI, 각 의원들로 보내지는 회송소견서 등 많은 정보들이 산재되어있다. 특히 진료비수가정보는 개정이 빈번한 자료 중 하나이다. 이러한 개정이 있을 때마다 문서를 보내거나 양식집을 만들어 배포하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 환자들이 의사로부터 처방을 받고 각종 의료행위에 대한 진료비를 산정하는데 사용되어지는 진료비수가정보시스템에 대해 XML을 이용하여 DTD 설계와 구현을 연구하였다. 진료비수가에 대한 정보는 환자나 보호자는 물론 의사, 약사, 간호사 등 진료와 관련된 모든 사람에게 금한 사항이다. 모든 사람이 언제 어디서나 진료비수가에 대해 조회할 수 있어서 정보를 쉽게 획득할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-108
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate drug information sources which influence physician's prescriptions, and to compare the differences of drugh information sources between private practitioners and hospital physicians. In addition, the ultimate goal of this study is to provide better quality of drug information for both groups of physicians through the professional drug information system. 264 physicians, including general practitioners and all types of specialists who were working in hospitals and private clinics in Taejon and Chungnam area, participated in this study which was conducted by mail. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. Both physician groups received drug informations mainly from medical journals, but there were differences in secondary sources of drug information. Namely, hospital physicians got drug information from annual meetings and textbooks, and private practitioners got it from detail men and colleagues. 2. Drug effect was the first consideration for drug selection in both physician groups. But, in the 2nd consideration, private practitioners concerned about the price, insurance and rebates, but hospital physicians were not. 3. Only 9.2% of the private practitioners satisfied with the sufficiency of drug information, whereas 22.0% of hospital physicians satisfied with it. The most insufficient area of information was drug interaction in both groups and 91.9% of the physicians suggested that a professional drug information system should be introduced. 4. Both physician groups had contacted with detail men frequently. However, it was rare for them to contact with a pharmacist. This phenomenon was more severe in the case of private practitioners. 5. Neither physician groups knew very much about drug informatio centers. However, they would be willig to participate if a professional drug information system were established. Also, they indicated that the information most required was drug interaction.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

In preparing for the unification of North and South Korea, rather than unilaterally over-writing the North's human resource training system with the South's health care human resource development system, it is important to understand the North's system and its ecology and to achieve a balance by seeking out aspects of each of the systems that could be consolidated with each other. The training period in both the North and South's health care human resource development systems is specified to be 6 years, but there is no system for internships or residencies in the North. South Korea introduced a 6-year system for pharmacist education in 2009, but North Korea has been using such a system since the 1970s (currently 5.5 years). In North Korea, training of health care personnel is conducted at various levels: at universities, at vocational schools, and at institutes for training health officials. Various types of training (daytime training, online, and ad hoc programs) are carried out. Also of interest is the North's licensure examination system. Rather than a state examination system as in South Korea, the North favors a graduation exam given by a national graduation examination committee composed of university professors, which awards both graduation certificates and 'permits,' that is, licenses for doctors and pharmacists. In working out a plan for the integration of the two Koreas' systems based on the study and analysis of the North's educational and testing system for doctors and pharmacists, this paper does not place exclusive focus on the distinctions between the systems or cling to negative views. Rather than claim that unification/integration is a practical impossibility, the paper focuses on the similarities between the two systems and maximizes them to uncover an approach for arriving at solutions. It is hoped that the practical data offered in this paper can contribute to the design of a forward-minded unification/integration model.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.208-222
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• 2014

Pharmacy practice experiences play a central role in improving the professional abilities and roles of student pharmacists in the changed '2+4'-year curricula of Korean pharmacy schools. For the first 3 years, the students usually learn theoretical areas, and for the last year, they apply learned knowledge to actual pharmacy practice environments. Especially, in order for community pharmacy practice experiences to become firmly established, it is important to evaluate students' feedbacks of community pharmacy practice experiences. However, there have been little studies regarding this area in Korea. This study was to analyze pharmacy students' perceptions and evaluations after community pharmacy practice experiences. The self-reported questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was utilized to collect data from the pharmacy students completing community pharmacy practice experiences. Total 62 students responded to the survey questionnaires. The average of students' evaluations of preceptors for overall evaluation items was 4.31 whereas that of student evaluations of practice sites for them was 4.03. The self-evaluations of students' expertises were mostly positive except for that of populations care. The evaluation item 'I believe this experience will help me be a better pharmacist' received the highest satisfaction. According to the results regarding open-ended questions, the students learned the needs for academic motivations and self-developments, and they thought that the curriculum should be standardized and systematized in order to improve contents for community pharmacy practice experiences. Furthermore, based on these results, the guidelines of community pharmacy practice experiences should be modified, and researches on the validation and evaluations of the modified guidelines should be implemented.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2019

2018년 한국의 65세 이상 노인 인구는 14.3%로 고령사회로 진입하게 되었으며 2025년 전후로 노인 인구가 20% 이상인 초고령사회로의 진입이 예상된다. 노인들의 경우 여러 의료기관을 방문하여 의약품을 복용하는 경우가 많아 각 약물 간의 상호작용 등의 약물 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 노인 약물관리 제도가 전문화되어 있는 미국의 제도와 초고령사회로의 진입을 앞두고 있는 한국의 제도를 분석하여 체계적인 노인 약물관리 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구의 방법은 한국 및 미국의 노인 약물 관리에 관한 체계적인 문헌 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 미국에서는 노인들에게 약물 치료 집중 관리제도(Medication Therapy Management, MTM)를 법제화하였고 노인 전문약사 제도를 운영하고 있었다. 한국에서는 노인 약물 관리를 위해 커뮤니티케어 사업을 진행하고 있지만 노인들이 더 안전하게 약을 사용하기 위해서는 노인 전문약사 제도가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.