• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2018

In this study, we evaluated the whitening activity of prethanol A and water extracts from Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. The extracts were prepared using 0, 50, 70, and 100% prethanol A at $121^{\circ}C$, 1.2 atm for 15 minutes. To confirm effective extraction, the acteoside content of each extract was analyzed with the HPLC-PDA method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity assays, and the whitening activity was evaluated based on inhibitory activities on the protein and mRNA expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in B16 F10 cells. Each extract showed strong antioxidant and whitening activity. $IC_{50}$ values of antioxidant activity from each extract were in order of 100%, 70%, 50%, and 0%. In addition, whitening activity inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of melanin synthesis factor, following the same pattern as antioxidant activity. In conclusion, water and prethanol A extracts of A. distichum showed effective antioxidant and whitening activity and are thus considered to be valuable materials for whitening cosmetics. The results of this study will also provide basic data for the safe and efficient production of A. distichum as a cosmetic material.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2019

Parasitic infections have remained a significant burden on human and animal health. In part, this is due to lack of clinically-approved, novel antimicrobials and a lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. An alternative approach is to modify existing clinically-approved drugs for efficient delivery formulations to ensure minimum inhibitory concentration is achieved at the target site. Nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs through modification of nanoparticles with ligands. Amphotericin B, nystatin, and fluconazole are clinically available drugs in the treatment of amoebal and fungal infections. These drugs were conjugated with gold nanoparticles. To characterize these gold-conjugated drug, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed. These drugs and their gold nanoconjugates were examined for antimicrobial activity against the protist pathogen, Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype. Moreover, host cell cytotoxicity assays were accomplished. Cytotoxicity of these drugs and drug-conjugated gold nanoparticles was also determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Gold nanoparticles conjugation resulted in enhanced bioactivity of all three drugs with amphotericin B producing the most significant effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii (p < 0.05). In contrast, bare gold nanoparticles did not exhibit antimicrobial potency. Furthermore, amoebae treated with drugs-conjugated gold nanoparticles showed reduced cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. In this report, we demonstrated the use of nanotechnology to modify existing clinically-approved drugs and enhance their efficacy against pathogenic amoebae. Given the lack of development of novel drugs, this is a viable approach in the treatment of neglected diseases.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2018

Animal models have been used to elucidate the pathophysiology of varying diseases and to provide insight into potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Although alternatives to animal testing have been proposed to help overcome potential drawbacks related to animal experiments and avoid ethical issues, their use remains vital for the testing of new drug candidates and to identify the most effective strategies for therapeutic intervention. Particularly, the study of metabolic diseases requires the use of animal models to monitor whole-body physiology. In line with this, the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS) in Korea has established their own animal strains to help evaluate both efficacy and safety during new drug development. The objective of this study was to characterize the response of C57BL/6NKorl mice from the NIFDS compared with that of other mice originating from the USA and Japan in a chemical-induced diabetic condition. Multiple low-dose treatments with streptozotocin were used to generate a type-1 diabetic animal model which is closely linked to the known clinical pathology of this disease. There were no significantly different responses observed between the varying streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic models tested in this study. When comparing control and diabetic mice, increases in liver weight and disturbances in serum amino acids levels of diabetic mice were most remarkable. Although the relationship between type-1 diabetes and BCAA has not been elucidated in this study, the results, which reveal a characteristic increase in diabetic mice of all origins are considered worthy of further study.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.565-588
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• 2019

서부 민간인 통제지역은 경기도 파주시 지역으로는 장단면, 군내면, 진동면을 포함한다. 연천군 지역은 장남면, 백학면, 미산면, 중면에 걸쳐있다. 본 조사에서는 파주시 장단면 일대와 군내면 정자리 덕진산성, 진동면 동파리 일월봉, 임진강변, 수내천, 초리천을 중심으로 세 개 면과 연천군 장남면 반정리의 식물상을 조사하여, 서부 민간인 통제지역의 주요 식물들의 분포를 자세히 파악하고자 하였다. 2012년 4월부터 2014년 9월까지 월 2회 조사를 통해 461점의 표본을 확보하였고, 96과 305속 413종 4아종 41변종 6품종의 464분류군을 확인하였다. 이후 2018년 10월까지 월 1회 조사하였다. 조사 시기 중 멸종위기종은 관찰되지 않았으며, 우리나라 특산식물로는 고려엉겅퀴, 벌개미취, 키버들 등 6분류군이 확인 되었다. 식물구계학적 특정종으로는 IV급종은 5분류군, III급종은 7분류군, II급종은 14분류군, I급종은 18분류군의 44분류군이 확인되었다. 서부 민간인 통제지역에서 확인된 귀화식물은 단풍잎돼지풀을 포함한 35분류군으로 전체 식물의 7.5%에 해당한다.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2022

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a mucopolysaccharide, occurring naturally in living organisms. It is one of the most hydrophilic molecules, so it has been known as being related to skin hydration and skin aging. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Cimicifuga heracleifolia ethanol extract on the hyaluronic acid synthesis and the inhibition of hyaluronidase activity. To determine cytotoxicity, hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) gene expression, HA production and, hyaluronidase inhibitory effects, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-ly)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, real time - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), hyaluronic acid enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (HA-ELISA), and hyaluronidase assay were used, respectively. When the Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract was treated in the HaCaT cells up to 500 ㎍/mL concentration, cytotoxicity was confirmed by the Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract at concentrations above 200 ㎍/mL. Therefore, the optimum concentration of all experiments used in this study was determined to be 200 ㎍/mL. HAS2 gene expression increased by Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract in a concentration-dependent manner at all treatment concentrations. The production rate of HA was tended to decrease at the highest concentration of 200 ㎍/mL. The hyaluronidase activity inhibition effect of Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract was very high compared to the control group. Based on these results, Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract was expected to have a moisturizing effect on human skin and special attention should be paid to the determination of the concentration of Cimicifuga heracleifolia when developing cosmetic materials using it.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.414-427
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• 2023

Implantable bioabsorbable combination products undergo inherent degradation and systemic absorption within the physiological environment, thereby streamlining the therapeutic regimen and obviating the imperative for invasive extraction procedures. This inherent property not only enhances patient convenience and therapeutic efficacy but also underpins a paradigm of support characterized by heightened safety parameters. Within the regulatory landscapes of Korea, the United States, and Europe, implantable bioabsorbable combination products are meticulously classified into distinct categories, either as pharmaceutical implants or as implantable medical devices, depending on their primary mode of action. This scholarly investigation systematically examines the regulatory frameworks governing implantable bioabsorbable combination products in South Korea, the United States, and Europe. Notable discrepancies across national jurisdictions emerge concerning regulatory specifics, including terminology, product classification, and product name associated with these products. The conspicuous absence of standardized approval regulations presents a formidable barrier to the commercialization of these advanced medical devices. This academic discourse passionately emphasizes the critical need for formulating and implementing a sophisticated regulatory framework capable of streamlining the product approval process, thereby paving the way for a seamless path to commercializing implantable bioabsorbable combination products.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.284-294
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• 2024

Objective: Pork is an important source of animal protein in many countries. Subtle physiochemical changes occur during pork postmortem aging. The changes of apoptosis and autophagy in pork at 6 h to 72 h after slaughter were studied to provide evidence for pork quality. Methods: In this article, morphological changes of postmortem pork was observed through Hematoxylin-eosin staining, apoptotic nuclei were observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, protein related to apoptosis and autophagy expressions were tested by western blot and LC3 level were expressed according to immunofluorescence assay. Results: In this study, we found the occurrence of apoptosis in postmortem pork, and the process was characterized by nucleus condensation and fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies, increase in apoptosis-related Bax/Bcl-2 levels, and activation of caspases. Autophagy reached its peak between 24 and 48 h after slaughter, accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes on the cell membrane and expression of autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, P62, LC3-I, LC3-II, and ATG5. Conclusion: Obvious apoptosis was observed at 12 h and autophagy reached its peak at 48 h. The present work provides the evidence for the occurrence of apoptosis and autophagy during postmortem aging of pork. In conclusion, the apoptosis and autophagy of muscle cells discovered in this study have important implications for pork in the meat industry.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.137-141
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• 2023

잔대(Adenophora triphylla var. japonica)의 뿌리는 비만, 암, 염증을 예방하는 데 사용되는 귀중한 약용 자원으로 사용되지만, 어린잎이나 순은 식재료로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 A. triphylla 뿌리와 잎에서 얻은 70% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 항암 효과를 비교 평가하였다. 잎 추출물이 뿌리 추출물보다 강력한 DPPH-radical 소거 활성, 환원력 및 ORAC 값을 나타냈다. 또한, 인체 암세포주에서 잔대 추출물의 세포독성 사멸 효과를 조사한 결과, 잎 추출물이 A549 (폐암), LNcaP (전립선암), SKOV3 (난소암) 및 Caco-2 (대장암) 세포에서 강력한 항암 성분의 공급원임을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 뿌리뿐만 아니라 잎도 제약 산업에서 기능성 소재의 귀중한 공급원이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2024

This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of bee venom as a treatment for mastitis and to determine the optimal dosage and treatment period. When 6 mg or 12 mg of bee venom was administered to each experimental quarter of mastitis in dairy cow, the clinical symptoms in the 12 mg quarter were noticeably improved compared to those in the 6 mg quarter. There was no significant difference in the somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk between normal and mastitis quarters between the 6 and 12 mg doses, but there was a steady decrease in the 12 mg-treated quarter (p = 0.34). To determine the treatment period, bee venom was administered for 2, 4, and 7 days. After administering 12 mg of bee venom for 7 days, the SCC in the milk was compared before 6 days and after 7 days, and the SCC was significantly decreased to less than 100,000 SC/mL after 7 days (p = 0.01). In addition, to investigate the efficacy of bee venom, the minimum inhibitory concentration for S. aureus, E. coli, and coagulase negative staphylococci was measured, and the results showed that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to bee venom than Gram-negative bacteria, and treatment for Gram-negative bacteria was limited. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that a dose of 12 mg of bee venom and a treatment period of more than 7 days were required to treat mastitis, and that treatment with bee venom alone against Gram-negative bacteria was negative.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.107-127
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• 2022

본 연구는 네덜란드의 지역별 혁신 클러스터정책을 통해 네덜란드 경제의 성장동인을 찾고자 한다. 전통적으로 농업과 물류중심의 경제구조를 가진 네덜란드는 1990년대 지역 클러스터를 만들면서 첨단 허브 국가로서 역할을 충실하게 해왔고 작은 나라임에도 세계 수출의 7위를 차지하는 등 혁신국가의 이미지를 만드는데 성공했다. 그 바탕에는 혁신을 위한 체계적인 분석 접근법으로 '지역 혁신 시스템(Rational Innovation System)'의 개념을 도입하고 지역의 특색을 살린 산학연 모델이 가장 큰 요인으로 작용했다. 여기에는 적절한 중앙정부의 혁신 생태계 조성을 위한 정책적 방향 제시와 지역을 중심으로 한 산학연 모델이 크게 작용한 것으로 평가받고 있다. 이런 점을 종합적으로 살펴 볼 때 본고에서는 다음과 같은 시사점을 발견할 수 있다. 첫째, 혁신 클러스터의 활성화이다. 둘째, Top 9을 중심으로 한 신산업육성정책과 미래산업 전략을 활성화하고 있다. 셋째, 산학연 협력을 구체화하고 있다. 넷째, 스타트업의 창업을 육성하고 있다. 이를 종합하면 네덜란드는 2019년 설립된 TechLeap은 네덜란드의 기술 생태계를 정량화하고 가속화하는 데 도움을 주는데 자본, 시장 및 인재에 대한 접근성을 개선하기 위한 프로그램 및 이니셔티브를 통해 기술 기업이 확장할 수 있는 최적의 환경을 조성해 네덜란드를 미래의 기술 선도기업들을 위한 보금자리로 만들기 위해 노력하고 있다. 첨단농업과 물류국가로 알려진 네덜란드는 4차 산업혁명시대를 맞이하여 로테르담을 중심으로 하는 물류의 항구에서 ICT 기술을 기반으로 하는 '지식항구(brainport)'로 확장하고 있다. 네덜란드는 물류 국가에서 산업화에 성공했지만 최근 지역혁신 생태계를 만들기 위한 중앙정부의 비전 제시와 지역의 특화산업을 연계한 산학연 클러스터 모델이 가장 큰 디딤돌 역할을 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 네덜란드의 혁신정책은 혁신 클러스터 생태계를 중심으로 지역을 개발하고 일자리 창출과 새로운 산업을 위한 투자를 통해 유럽의 '디지털 관문'으로서 역할에 보다 충실할 것으로 전망된다.