• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.255-257
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• 2014

The installation of light oil facilities or delayed cokers seems to be inevitable in the oil refinery industry due to the heavy crude oil reserves and the increased use of light fuels as petroleum products. Petroleum coke is a byproduct of oil refineries and it has higher fixed carbon content, higher calorific value, and lower ash content than coal. However, its sulfur content and heavy metal content are higher than coal. In spite of disadvantages, petroleum coke might be one of promising resources due to gasification processes. The gasification of petroleum coke can improve economic value of oil refinery industries by handling cheap, toxic wastes in an environment-friendly way. In this study, $CO_2$ gasification reaction kinetics of petroleum coke, various coals and mixing coal with petroleum coke have investigated and been compared by using TGA. The kinetics of $CO_2$ gasification has been performed with petroleum coke, 3 kinds of bituminous coal [BENGALLA, White Haven, TALDINSKY], and 3 kinds of sub-bituminous coal [KPU, LG, MSJ] at various temperature[$1100-1400^{\circ}C$].

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.297-299
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• 2014

Petroleum coke has high heating value and low price. Due to the steadily increasing demand for heavy oil processing, the production volume of petroleum coke tends to be expanded. The high availability and low price of petroleum coke have been strongly considered as candidate fuel for power generation facilities. However the high carbon content, high sulfur content and nitrogen content of petroleum fuel are known to produce relatively large quantity of CO2, high NOx and SO2 emission. In this work, a series of numerical simulations have been carried out in order to investigate the effects of swirl flow intensity on combustion furnace, which is most important operating condition. Results show that the temperature distribution was spatially uniform at about 1600K but high temperature region are located quite differently depending on swirl number. In addition, numerical temperature data was compared with experimental temperature data and its temperature difference shows less than 10%. On the other hand, discrepancy between numerical and experimental emission data were slightly large with necessities of improved emission model.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

This work was done to investigate problems of cashew coating in a wooden-art industry such as ritual vessels and to improve a curing property of cashew film. The main problem in the cashew coating industry was a small-scale business, insufficiency of facilities, lack of knowledge about cashew resin and painting, and lack of a technology of productivity improvement by accelerated drying time of cashew film. In present, cashew coating for ritual vessels mostly used the petroleum as a thinner. The time of set to touch of cashew film thinning with petroleum on glass plates was increased with the increasement of the thinning proportion, but retarded from 3 to 11 times compared to that of an exclusive thinner according to thinning level. The addition of 20% aceton to petroleum contributed to the high reduction rate up to about 60% at the thinning level of 100%, which was effective to accelerate the drying time of cashew film. Even though only the petroleum or the petroleum-aceton(20%) mixture was used as a thinner, it did not exhibit any distinguishable differences in crack and appearance of cashew-film coated on Frexinus rhynchophylla after 5 cycles of soak under the vacuum-drying treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.703-710
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• 2004

Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.40-47
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• 2002

The practices of the construction and management of the petroleum and hazardous chemical compound storage facilities in Korea were investigated extensively, and the problems were identified. The advanced technologies in the U.S.A were comparatively studied. Considering the effectiveness of leak prevention and applicability, the following measures were suggested. To prevent corrosion of a tank, a clad tank, an interior lining tank, or a double-wall tank were thought to be the most cost effective. For piping. use of non-metalic materials was suggested. A catchment basin seemed to be effective for preventing spills. For monitoring of leaks, constructions of more than one of detection systems, such as an automatic leak detection device. a vapor detection system, a groundwater monitoring system, or a double-wall monitoring system, were recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.453-467
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• 2020

This study aimed to inventory the water pollutant discharge of wastewater from two facilities, one primary steel manufacturing facility and one petroleum refinery, both of which are located in Korea, and to identify ways to improve the wastewater treatment process through field investigation. Probability evaluation was used to inventory the substances in polluted water. The samples collected in this study included original wastewater, on processing wastewater, and treated water. The general description of wastewater occurrence, major sources, and treatment facilities were also investigated to obtain an integrated database of the pollutants created by different industrial categories. Based on our analysis of raw wastewater and final effluent, the detected pollutants were confirmed by analyzing their presence in the raw or supplemental materials, the potential of formation as byproducts, and the possibility of inclusion as impurities. The compounds detected for each category were screened via investigation of their possible sources and confirmed as the final water pollutant inventories. Thirty kinds of water pollutants were emitted by the primary steel manufacturing facility (reference in case A), including 14 specified hazardous water pollutants. The petroleum refinery (reference in case B) emitted 36 water pollutants, including 16 specified hazardous water pollutants.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.52-62
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• 2016

Nowadays, emissions of a vehicle are been getting by testing on a chassis dynamometer and a test modes. Also, fuel efficiency is calculated by carbon-balance method that is applying the emissions(CO, THC and $CO_2$) to the fuel calculation formular. In Korea, before 2014, the formular did not include the fuel factors (density, net heat value and carbon weight fraction), but the constants were based on the fuel properties of 2000s. So, this formular did not consider a characteristic of test fuel property that was changed when progressing fuel efficiency test. The characteristics of test fuel property which was distributed in domestic have a difference of quality depending on production regions and oil-refining facilities. Because the fuel properties are variable value during refineries, crude oils and blending contents of a bio-fuel, vehicle fuel is changed for each test. Therefore, the fuel qualities need to apply for a fuel economy test. In this paper, changing patterns of a fuel properties were reviewed during history of fuel standards. Also, the appropriateness of the methods was discussed by calculating and comparing fuel economies with the fuel factors and the constants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-66
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• 1993

The successful management of logistics in an organization requires the careful coordination and manipulation of both movement and storage. In this study, we can show what is the most efficient and the cheapest method to transport the petroleum products under a few constraints with the model of linear programming. And also, the model can give some important informations so as what is the best coverages of each terminals by types, how many products should be exchanged among each companies and which terminals or complexes are economically prior to the others. Even we can understand that the duality is one of the useful measures to evaluate the economical efficiencies of transportation and storage related elements such as complex and terminal location, transport mode, storage tankage capacity and in/outflow facilities of terminals etc.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.385-390
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• 2020

It rains heavily, such as long rain and typhoons, during a typical rainy season in Korea. In this season, several fuel contamination accidents by water and vehicular problems caused by water contaminated fuel occur. Many research groups have studied the effects of water contaminated fuel on vehicles and environment. However the characteristics of water contaminated fuel have not been studied. In this study, we prepared diesel samples with a constant ratio of water (0~30 volume %) using an emulsifier. Then, we analyzed these diesel samples for their representative fuel properties. In the analytical results, diesel with 30% water showed an increase in fuel properties such as density (823→883 kg/㎥), kinematic viscosity (2.601→6.345 ㎟/s), flash point (47→56℃), pour point (-22→2℃), CFPP (cold filter plugging point) (-17→20℃) and copper corrosion number (1a→2a). The low temperature characteristics, such as low pour point and CFPP, blocks the fuel filter in the cold season. In addition, water contaminated diesel decreases lubricity (190→410 ㎛) under high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) and derived cetane number (54.81→34.25). The low lubricity of fuel causes vehicle problem such as pump and injector damage owing to severe friction. In addition, the low cetane diesel fuel increases exhaust gases such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) owing to incomplete combustion. This study can be used to identify the problems caused by water contamination to vehicle and fuel facilities.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• autumn
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• pp.12-12
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• 2000