• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

PET allows non-invasive, quantitative and repetitive imaging of biological function in living animals. Small animal PET imaging with $[^{18}F]$FDG has been successfully applied to investigation of metabolism, receptor-ligand interactions, gene expression, adoptive cell therapy and somatic gene therapy. Experimental condition of animal handling impacts on the biodistribution of $[^{18}F]$FDG in small animal study. The small animal PET and CT images were registered using the hardware fiducial markers and small animal contour point. Tumor imaging in small animal with small animal $[^{18}F]$FDG PET should be considered fasting, warming, and isoflurane anesthesia level. Registered imaging with small animal PET and CT image could be useful for the detection of tumor. Small animal experimental condition of animal handling and registration method will be of most importance for small lesion detection of metastases tumor model.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Many types of small animal imaging modalities, like micro-CT, micro-PET, and micro-SPECT, have been recently developed worldwide. Small animal imaging systems are now recognized as indispensable tools to validate efficacy and safety of new drugs or new therapeutic methods using the animal disease models. With increasing demands for small animal imaging in biomedical research, multimodal small animal imaging systems, like micro-PET/CT or micro PET/MRI, are now also being developed. Small animal imaging with spatial resolution and sensitivity comparable to human imaging is quite challenging since laboratory small animals are much smaller than human beings. Research activities in Korea on small animal imaging systems are reviewed in this paper. In the field of micro-CT and micro-PET, many world-class technologies have been developed successfully in Korea. It is expected that the developed animal imaging system technologies can be used in the development of clinical imaging systems in Korea in the near future.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2008

PET/CT fused image with anatomical and functional information have improved medical diagnosis and interpretation. This fusion has resulted in more precise localization and characterization of sites of radio-tracer uptake. However, a motion during whole-body imaging has been recognized as a source of image quality degradation and reduced the quantitative accuracy of PET/CT study. The respiratory motion problem is more challenging in combined PET/CT imaging. In combined PET/CT, CT is used to localize tumors and to correct for attenuation in the PET images. An accurate spatial registration of PET and CT image sets is a prerequisite for accurate diagnosis and SUV measurement. Correcting for the spatial mismatch caused by motion represents a particular challenge for the requisite registration accuracy as a result of differences in PET/CT image. This paper provides a brief summary of the materials and methods involved in multiple investigations of the correction for respiratory motion in PET/CT imaging, with the goal of improving image quality and quantitative accuracy.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

지난 몇 년 동안 핵의학 영상 물리 및 기기 관련 융합영상기기 분야에 많은 발전이 있었다. 최근 몇 년 동안 국내 PET/CT 설치의 급속한 증가는 이들의 임상에서의 역할 및 그 중요성을 입증하고 있다. 그러나 PET/CT는 고가이고, 임상적으로 아직도 그 유용성이 입증되는 과정에 있으며, 특히 치료계획을 위한 장비로는, 미국의 경우 다소 많이 설치되었다는 평가가 공존하고 있다. 또한 저가로 해 결할 수 있는 소프트웨어 융합도 가능하기 때문에 PET 대신 반드시 PET/CT가 필요하다는 주장에는 위의 관점에서 그 한계가 있을 수 있다. 그림에도 불구하고 PET/CT 설치는 계속 증가하고 있어 영상획득 또는 영상판독 모두 PET과 CT 분야의 훈련과 교육이 매우 중요하며 이에 대한 지침서가 발간되었다. PET/CT에 비하여 SPECT/CT는 발전속도가 다소 떨어지지만 이에 대한 지침서도 발간되었다. PET/CT와 SPECT/CT 모두 CT는 앞 부분에 PET과 SPECT는 뒷부분에 설치된다. 이는 환자 영상을 얻을 때 동시에 얻는 것이 아니고 CT영상을 얻은 후 PET과 SPECT영상을 얻게되는 단점이 있다. 이와는 달리 MRI/PET경우 뇌영상을 얻을 때 동시에 MRI와 PET영상을 얻을 수 있어 뇌영상 연구에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 예상하고 있다. 앞으로 기술이 발전함에 따라 전신용 MRI/PET과 유방영상을 위한 PET/US 융합영상장치의 개발 가능성이 매우 높다. 이와 함께 SPECT/CT, PET/CT 및 MRI/PET 기기의 발전도 계속될 것으로 판단된다. 핵의학 영상 물리 및 기기 분야는 최첨단 융합영상 장치의 개발과 함께 하드웨어, 소프트웨어 물리적 특성에 대한 보정기술, 영상 재구성 분야의 다양한 연구도 많은 진전이 필요하다. 또한 영상기기의 설계 및 정량화 기법을 연구하기 위한 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션, 영상장비의 성능평가, 동력학 분석, 선량평가, 움직임 보정 및 융합영상의 정량화 및 분석 기법에 대한 연구도 더욱 활발히 진행될 것으로 예측된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2008

전립선 암은 종양 영상 분야에서 가장 어려운 분야 중 하나이다. 술전 영상 검사를 통한 전립선 암의 발견 (detection), 정위 (localization) 그리고 병기결정(staging)은 여전히 영상의학과 의사의 도전이 필요한 분야이다. 자기공명 영상은 우수한 연부 조직 대조를 보이며 여러 고형 장기의 영상에 널리 쓰이나, 전립선의 술전 자기공명 영상의 결과는 기대에 미치지 못한다. 전산화단층촬영 영상과 결합된 양전자방출단층촬영술 (PET/CT)은 종양 영상의 발달에 획기적인 기여를 하였으나, 전립선암의 평가에는 어려움이 많다. 최근에 이러한 불충분한 정확도를 극복하기 위하여 발전된 자기공명 영상 기법과 PET/CT을 이용한 전립선암 영상에 대한 연구들이 발표되었다. 본 종설에서는 새로운 기법의 자기 공명 영상과 PET/CT 영상을 중심으로 전립선암의 다양한 영상법과 그 소견을 살펴볼 것이다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권sup1호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2008

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has a poor prognosis and a strong association with exposure to asbestos. Although there are not generally accepted guidelines for treatment of MPM, recent reports suggest that multi modality therapy combining chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery can improve the survival of patients with MPM. Therefore exact staging is required to decide the best treatment option. However, it is well known that there are many difficulties in determining precise preoperative stage, predicting prognosis, and monitoring response to therapy with conventional imaging modalities such as CT and MRI in MPM. Recently PET with $^{18}F-FDG$ comes into the spotlight as an important staging method. There is increasing evidence that PET is superior to other conventional imaging modalities in diagnosis and staging of MPM. Particularly PET/CT improves the diagnostic and staging accuracy over PET or CT alone in MPM because it provides anatomic imaging data as well as functional information. PET and PET/CT are also useful for monitoring response to therapy and SUV is reported as a prognostic factor in MPM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5599-5605
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• 2015

In oncology various imaging modalities play a crucial role in diagnosis, staging, restaging, treatment monitoring and follow up of various cancers. Stand-alone morphological imaging like computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide a high magnitude of anatomical details about the tumor but are relatively dumb about tumor physiology. Stand-alone functional imaging like positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) are rich in functional information but provide little insight into tumor morphology. Introduction of first hybrid modality PET/CT is the one of the most successful stories of current century which has revolutionized patient care in oncology due to its high diagnostic accuracy. Spurred on by this success, more hybrid imaging modalities like SPECT/CT and PET/MR were introduced. It is the time to explore the potential applications of the existing hybrid modalities, developing and implementing standardized imaging protocols and train users in nuclear medicine and radiology. In this review we discuss three existing hybrid modalities with emphasis on their technical aspects and clinical applications in oncology.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2002

Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18-F deoxyglucose (FDG) is a molecular imaging modality that detects metabolic alteration in tumor cells. In various human cancers, FDG-PET shows a potential clinical benefit in screening, tumor characterization, staging, therapeutic follow-up and detecting recurrence. In gynecologic cancers, FDG-PET is also known to be effective in characterization of adnexal masses, detection of recurrence, and lymph node invasion. This review discusses the clinical feasibility and future clinical application of this imaging modality in patients with cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and other gynecologic cancers.

• 대한약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약리학회 2006년도 58th Annual Meeting of The Korean Society of Pharmacology
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• pp.53-53
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• 2006

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2002

Early and accurate diagnosis of tumors using positron omission tomography (PET) has been the focus of considerable interest due to its high metastasis and mortality rates at late detection. PET radiopharmaceuticals-which exhibit a high tumor-to-background uptake ratio, and appropriate metabolic characteristics, and pharmacokinetics-are attractive tools for tumor imaging. Tumor imaging by these radiopharmaceuticals are based on metabolic and receptor imaging. The former is based on accelerated metabolism in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue and the rate roughly corresponding to the rate of growth of tumors. Radiopharmaceuticals for this purpose include radiolabeled sugars, amino acids, and nucleosides which detect increased glucose utilization, protein synthesis, and DNA synthesis, respectively. Tumor receptor imaging is based on the proliferation of tumor cells regulated by many hormones and growth factors, which bind to the corresponding receptors and exhibit the biological responses Radiopharmaceuticals used to image the tumor receptor systems may be ligands for the specific receptors and antibodies for the growth factor receptors. Some antitumor agents have been labeled with radionuclides and used to study in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics in humans. This overview describes typical PET radiopharmaceuticals used for tumor imaging based on their uptake mechanisms.