• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

Organophosphate pesticides inhibit cholinesterase. It is likely that application of organophosphate pesticides affect behavior of arthropods. This study aimed to find changes in foraging behavior of ants due to application of fenitrothion, one of the widely used organophosphate pesticides. Foraging activity (FA) of ants was observed using bait cards in a pesticide sprayed pine stand and in an unsprayed stand before and after aerial application of fenitrothion in 2003 and 2004. Ant abundance and species richness of ants were also monitored using pitfall traps during the activity season in 2003 and 2004. There was not a significant decrease in abundance and species richness after the application of fenitrothion. However, FA of an ant, Paratrechina flavipes (Smith), which was abundant enough to be statistically compared, was depressed from 2 hours to 10 days after application of the pesticide. FA was fully recovered at day 14 in 2003, and was partially recovered at day 18 and fully at day 31 in 2004. FA of other ant species also decreased significantly during the FA depression period of P. flavipes. On the bait cards, workers of the species responded dully to baits during the FA depression period. Despite the decline in activity, alertness of P. flavipes to other species did not decrease even during the FA depression period.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.569-576
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• 2023

농업용 드론은 경제적 효율성으로 인해 활용도가 점차 증가하고 있으며, 비행을 담당하는 본체와 약제를 방제 대상까지 전달하는 임무를 담당하는 분무 시스템으로 구성되어 있다. 따라서 드론을 활용한 농약 방제 작업 시 농작물에 대한 환경과 특성이 고려되어야 하며, 이에 따른 체계화된 비행 고도, 속도 및 분사 시간 등 조건이 달라져야 한다. 농업용 드론을 이용한 방제 작업은 조종자의 운용에 의존하고 있으며, 운용 숙련도에 따라 살포 효과 및 영향에 차이가 발생한다. 또한 농업용 드론에 관해 운용 기준 및 방제 효율 등의 편차가 발생하여 방제 작업 분야에서 농업용 방제 드론의 보급을 저해하는 요소로 작용하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 농업용 드론의 살포 특성을 파악하여 유효 살포 시간 및 간격을 적용하고, 선행 연구와 비교하여 방제면적 산출이 가능한 체계를 실험적으로 검증하려 한다. 이러한 실험적 검증을 통해 농업용 드론에 운용 방식 및 체계화된 수치를 적용하여, 방제 작업의 저해요인을 최소화하여 최적의 방제 공정을 적용하고자 한다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2012

일시에 수확하는 엽채류 중 시금치, 얼갈이배추, 비타민채 및 청경채에 대한 살균제 boscalid와 fludioxonil의 잔류 특성을 조사하였다. 수확일을 기준으로 각각 1주일 간격으로 2회 살포한 후 수확당일, 수확 2일전, 수확 5일전 및 수확 7일전에 시료를 수거하여 잔류량을 조사하였다. 수확당일의 잔류량을 기초하여 작물 중 농약살포액의 부착량을 환산한 결과 boscalid의 경우 시금치에서 253.9 mL/kg, 그리고 얼갈이배추, 비타민채 및 청경채에서는 각각 83.0, 97.8 및 88.3 mL/kg으로 조사되어 시금치에서 가장 많이 살포액이 부착되는 것으로 나타났다. Fludioxonil의 경우도 시금치 157.6 mL/kg, 얼갈이배추 67.6, 비타민채 64.8 그리고 청경채에서 66.6 mL/kg의 부착량을 나타내어 시금치에서 가장 높은 살포액 부착량을 나타내었다. 각 작물에서 boscalid와 fludioxonil의 생육기간 중 농약의 분해소실 정도를 조사한 결과 boscalid의 경우 시금치에서 분해반감기가 5.9일, 얼갈이배추 7.4일, 비타민채 4.6일, 청경채 4.3일로서 얼갈이배추에서 분해 반감기가 가장 길었으며, fludioxonil의 경우에서도 시금치 3.0일, 얼갈이배추 4.0일, 비타민채 3.2일, 청경채 3.5일로 얼갈이배추에서 분해반감기가 가장 길었다. 두 농약의 잔류특성이 비교되었을 때 농약살포 후 살포액의 부착량과 작물생육기간 중 농약의 분해반감기는 fludioxonil 보다 boscalid이 더 많거나 긴 것으로 나타났다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2012

일시에 수확하는 경채류 중 쪽파와 부추에 대한 살충제 bifenthrin와 chlorfenapyr의 잔류특성을 비교 조사하였다. 수확일을 기준으로 각각 1주일 간격으로 2회 살포한 후 수확당일, 수확 3일 전, 수확 7일 전, 수확 10일 전 및 수확 14일 전에 시료를 수거하여 잔류량을 조사하였다. 수확당일의 잔류량을 기초하여 작물 중 농약살포액의 부착량을 환산한 결과, 쪽파의 경우 123.0-125.5 mL/kg, 그리고 부추에서는 70.0-74 mL/kg으로 조사되어 쪽파가 부추에 비해 더 많은 살포액이 부착될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 각 작물에서 bifenthrin과 chlorfenapyr의 생육기간 중 농약의 분해소실 정도를 조사한 결과, 쪽파에서 bifenthrin의 분해소실곡선은 y = 1.0334 $e^{-0.0602x}$ ($R^2$= 0.8606), chlorfenapyr는 y = 2.2603 $e^{-0.0519x}$ ($R^2$= 0.9043)이었으며, 부추에서는 bifentrhin의 경우, y = 0.7693 $e^{-0.1823x}$ ($R^2$= 0.9756), chlorfenapyr는 y = 1.2940 $e^{-0.1051x}$ ($R^2$= 0.9782)으로 나타났다. 이 분해소실곡선을 이용하여 각 작물에서 두 농약의 분해반감기를 조사한 결과, bifenthrin의 경우, 쪽파에서 분해반감기는 11.51일이었으며, 부추에서는 3.80일로서 쪽파에서의 분해 반감기가 더 긴 것으로 나타났으며, chlorfenapyr의 경우에서도 쪽파 13.35일, 부추 6.59일로 쪽파에서의 분해반감기가 더 길었다. 쪽파와 부추에서 두 농약의 잔류특성이 비교되었을 때 농약살포 후 살포액의 부착량과 작물생육기간 중 농약의 분해반감기는 부추에서보다는 쪽파에서 더 많거나 긴 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2013

Recently, golf courses have increased over the years because golf became popular leisure sport. Various environmental problems have been then issued by a golf course during constructing and running them. A problem of pesticide, which is serious among various environmental problems, from golf course has harmful effect on surrounding area and makes human suffer from acute and chronic diseases. Pesticides are used for the cost-effective managing of golf course and the amount of pesticides also increases as the number of golf course increase. Since the assessment of pesticides on near-by surrounding has been focused on water and soil media, studies related to atmospheric dispersion have been hardly attempted. The method to assess an impact of pesticide nearby agricultural production by the atmospheric dispersion using AGDISP(AGricultural DISPersal) model was developed and applied to the actual planned golf course located in Hongcheon, Gangwon. For implementing AGDISP, parameters were investigated from the golf course's land use planning map, pesticide spray device, Hong-Cheon weather station and etc. First of all, a kind of pesticide, a form of spraying pesticide, geographical features, weather data, and distance(golf course to plantation) were investigated to understand how to work these parameters in AGDISP. Restricted data(slope angle, droplet size distribution and solar insolation) sensitivity analysis of these parameters to estimate effect of pesticide nearby a plantation and a high relative contribution data of analyzed data was selected for input data. Ethoprophos was chosen as the pesticide used in the golf course and the amounts of pesticide deposition per annual agricultural productions were predicted. The results show that maximum amount of pesticide deposition through atmospheric dispersion was predicted $2.32{\mu}/m^2$ at 96 m where the nearest organic plantation exists. The residues of pesticide were also estimated based on the annul production of the organic and the deposition amount of the pesticide. Consequently, buckwheat, wheat and millet were likely to exceed maximum residue limits for pesticides in foods(MRL) and sorghum, corn and peanut were likely to exceed MRL by organic farming as well.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.306-312
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• 2006

시설하우스에서 방울토마토를 재배하여 농약 살포 후 경과일수별 세척시험을 실시하여 농약의 이화학적 특성별 세척에 의한 잔류농약의 제거율을 구하였다. 방울토마토에 3종의 시판농약을 살포한 후 수돗물로 세척한 결과 침투이행성 약제인 oxadixyl은 약제살포 후 0일에 61%, 5일에 11%, 7일에 4% 제거되었고 침투성약제인 thiophanate-methyl은 89%, 89%, 79%, 비침투성인 chlorothlaonil의 경우 84%, 84%, 88% 제거되었다. 세정제인 $Sur-ten^{(R)}$용액 세척시는 약제살포 후 0일과 5일에 oxadixyl 81%, 55%, thiophanate-methyl 95%, 91%, chlorothlaonil 97%, 98%가 각각 제거되었다. 제거율에 있어서 부성분의 영향을 평가하기 위해 시판농약과 달리 같은 부성분으로 제조된 시제품을 살포 한 후 수돗물 세척시에는 약제살포 후 0, 5, 7일에 각각 oxadixyl 76%, 66%, 43%, thiophanate-methyl 91%, 83%, 82%, chlorothlaonil 65%, 68%, 82% 제거되어 경과일수별 제거 양상은 시판농약과 비슷하였으나 제거율은 달라 세척시 원제 및 부성분함량의 영향이 있는 것으로 생각되었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2008

벼의 주요 병해충인 도열병, 잎집무늬마름병, 벼멸구 및 나방류를 동시에 방제할 수 있는 항공방제용 고농도 소량살포 가능 농약혼용조합 209조합에 대하여 시험한 결과, 벼는 물론 주변작물에 약해가 없고 살포액의 물리성이 양호한 tricyclazole SC + validamycin-A SL + imidacloprid SL 등 우수 혼용조합 93 조합을 최종 선발하였다. 선발된 조합의 항공살포에 의한 약효는 일반살포의 방제효과와 비슷하였다. 또한 유인헬기에 의한 항공방제는 일반 관행살포에 비해 방제비용을 1/4 수준으로 크게 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.447-458
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• 1998

Inhibitory activity of pesticide-preventing active carbon fiber mask on the penetrations in pesticide spray and its inhibitory effect on acute inhalation toxicity in rats were s tudied. Pesticides were sprayed into box ($1.O{\times}1.2{\tmies}O.6\;m$) at a dose of 20ml/min of diazinon ($Diatone^{TM}$) suspension (340ppm) and 5g/min of BPMC powder (2.0%) for 4 hours, and then captured the penetrated pesticides into water via mask in box under 8l/sec suction. The pesticides were analysed by A.O.A.C. method and GC/MS. Pesticide-preventing active carbon fiber mask significantly inhibited the penetration of diazinon by 93.4% as compared with control, and cotton mask and pesticide-preventing mask did it by 74.2% and 83.7%,respectively. This result shows that pesticide-preventing active carbon fiber mask has the most prominent inhibitory effect in preventing the penetration of diazinone. In the penetration of BPMC, all of three masks, such as active carbon fiber mask, cotton mask and pesticide-preventing mask, have a similar inhibitory effect, which were 99.3%, 98.6% and 97.0%, respectively. The penetrated pesticides via pesticide-preventmg active carbon fiber mask did not exert acute inhalation toxicity.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2017

Spinosad and spinetoram are widely used insecticides for the control of lepidopteran larvae, leaf miners, and thrips; however, they might also have low toxicity toward beneficial insects like bees. Because these pesticides are easily photolyzed by ultraviolet radiation, the QuEChERS method, with its simple pretreatment procedure, is often used for analyzing residues of spinosad and spinetoram. The present study performed a residue analysis using a modified QuEChERS method by pretreating with ammonium salt. The limit of detection (LOD) of the modified method was 0.05 mg/kg and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.25 mg/kg. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) for the calibration curve was 0.999. Also, we examined any change in the adhesion of spinosad and spinetoram on the plants depending on a spray volume. The adhesion was approximately 70% when the spray volume was increased from 60 L to 120 L per 10 a whereas the adhesion was approximately 37% when the spray volume was increased from 125 L to 250 L. This showed that the amount of adhesion decreased with the higher spray volume. The efficacy result of spinetoram was that over 90% of Frankliniella occidentalis was controlled with the application volume of 125 L per 10 a. Therefore, the result of this study indicates that control of insects is effective and sufficient with a spray volume of 125 L per 10 a in paprika cultivation facilities.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

In order to develop an precision aerial pesticide application system to be attached to an unmanned helicopter which can be applied to small lots of land, this study analyzed the flowing and spraying characteristics of the spray droplets by the main rotor downwash by setting the application conditions at the flight altitude of 3 m, the diameter of main rotor of 3.1 m, the boom length of around 2.8 m, and the spraying rate of 8 L/ha. The results of this study are summarized below. Through analysis of the covering area ratio of the spray droplets by main rotor downwash by nozzle type, boom with tilt angle and height, it was found that the covering area ratio of the twin flat-fan nozzle of around 25% was more uniform than other types of nozzle, also boom with $10^{\circ}$ tilt angle and spraying height of 3 m was shown to be the appropriate conditions for aerial application of pesticides. It was found that the nozzle position to minimize the scattering loss of spray droplets due to vortex phenomenon at both ends of the main rotor was around 10 cm from the end of the main rotor. An application test for the aerial pesticide application system attached to the HUA-ACEI unmanned helicopter developed by the Rural Development Administration showed that the range of covering area ratio of the spray droplets was 10-25%, and the spraying width was approximately 7 m when over 10% of covering area ratio was considered for valid spraying.