• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.573-587
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• 2022

The agricultural sector is completely different from other sectors since it completely relies on various natural and climatic factors. Climate changes have many effects, including lack of annual rainfall and pests, heat waves, changes in sea level, and global ozone/atmospheric CO₂ fluctuation, on land and agriculture in similar ways. Climate change also affects the environment. Based on these factors, farmers chose their crops to increase productivity in their fields. Many existing agricultural ontologies are either domain-specific or have been created with minimal vocabulary and no proper evaluation framework has been implemented. A new agricultural ontology focused on subdomains is designed to assist farmers using Jaccard relative extractor (JRE) and Naïve Bayes algorithm. The JRE is used to find the similarity between two sentences and words in the agricultural documents and the relationship between two terms is identified via the Naïve Bayes algorithm. In the proposed method, the preprocessing of data is carried out through natural language processing techniques and the tags whose dimensions are reduced are subjected to rule-based formal concept analysis and mapping. The subdomain ontologies of weather, pest, and soil are built separately, and the overall agricultural ontology are built around them. The gold standard for the lexical layer is used to evaluate the proposed technique, and its performance is analyzed by comparing it with different state-of-the-art systems. Precision, recall, F-measure, Matthews correlation coefficient, receiver operating characteristic curve area, and precision-recall curve area are the performance metrics used to analyze the performance. The proposed methodology gives a precision score of 94.40% when compared with the decision tree(83.94%) and K-nearest neighbor algorithm(86.89%) for agricultural ontology construction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.67-77
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• 2023

This study represents an innovative research conducted in the smart farm environment, developing a deep learning-based disease and pest detection model and applying it to the Intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) platform to explore new possibilities in the implementation of digital agricultural environments. The core of the research was the integration of the latest ImageNet models such as Pseudo-Labeling, RegNet, EfficientNet, and preprocessing methods to detect various diseases and pests in complex agricultural environments with high accuracy. To this end, ensemble learning techniques were applied to maximize the accuracy and stability of the model, and the model was evaluated using various performance indicators such as mean Average Precision (mAP), precision, recall, accuracy, and box loss. Additionally, the SHAP framework was utilized to gain a deeper understanding of the model's prediction criteria, making the decision-making process more transparent. This analysis provided significant insights into how the model considers various variables to detect diseases and pests.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.749-758
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• 2023

An understanding of safety problems pursuant to environmental release of GM (Genetically Modified) crops is considered important. Among the recognized safety problems, the possibilities of weediness and ecosystem invasion are constantly being validated. We herein compared the growth characteristics and germination rate of soybeans formed by hybridization with vitamin A-enhanced soybeans carrying an introduced gene that increases β-carotene content. We also examined overwintering, survival, and weed competitiveness to evaluate hybrid ecological impact on long-term unmanaged cultivatable land. These studies revealed that the hybrid soybeans exhibited intermediate growth characteristics and germination rate compared with the vitamin A-enhanced soybeans and wild soybeans, or exhibited traits similar to those of the maternal strain. Overwintering experiments were conducted by planting seeds at depths of 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm and recovering them after three or five months. After five months, all seeds at depths more than 5 cm lost viability. Among seeds recovered after three months, only wild soybeans retained viability at depths of more than 5 cm. Survival and weed competitiveness were assessed by sowing each type of seed and performing no irrigation, or pest or weed control. Quantitative assessment of numbers of individual soybean plants that appeared in the experimental plot revealed that all plants germinated after sowing, but only wild type plants survived overwintering. These studies suggest that both GM soybeans and hybrid soybeans cannot survive in uncultivated land even if they are released into the environment, which indicates less possibility of ecosystem invasion and weediness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.213-225
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of hygiene education for hotel chefs, in terms of the level of performance and importance of food hygiene inspections, as well as hygiene practices related to food cooking, storage, personal hygiene, and facility environment. We aim to identify what areas of education require priority improvement and derive implications. Methods: A survey on hygiene status, importance, and performance was conducted among 289 chefs working in six luxury hotels in Busan, South Korea. Frequency analysis and cross-analysis were conducted to evaluate the current status of hygiene education, while Borich Needs analysis was conducted to evaluate its importance and performance. The areas needing priority improvement were identified using the Locus-for-Focus model. Results: First, the most common frequency of hygiene education was once or twice a year. Participants who were older and with more years of experience were more likely to participate in annual training. Second, based on the degree of discrepancy between importance and performance and the results of Borich Needs analysis, the areas needing the highest priority were food inspection and hygiene. Third, according to the results of applying The Locus for focus model and visualizing it as a portfolio in a 2 ', 'Chopping boards and knives are frequently washed, sterilized and dried', 'Wash your hands with soap before starting cooking', 'Perform regular quarantine and disinfection to prevent pest invasion'. Conclusion: This study contributed to the understanding of the current status of hygiene education for chefs working in luxury hotels and confirmed the importance of hygiene management. Future research should aim to develop a more comprehensive hygiene education program by including participants from a more diverse pool of hotels and restaurants. This will significantly improve the hygiene management practices of chefs, thereby helping to prevent food hygiene-related accidents.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.87-95
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• 2007

Many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials were used for the insect pest control and the control of plant diseases, furthermore they support the growth of crops in the greenhouses and the kindly environment friendly farming. Phytoseiulus persimilis might be used for control of two-spotted mites with environment friendly agricultural materials at the same time. For testing the toxicity of environment friendly agricultural materials against to p. persimilis, 61 environment friendly agricultural materials were selected by material contents and using methods. When environment friendly agricultural materials were directly sprayed on P. persimilis, IEFAM C, FEFAM A, EFAMSM A, D, EFAMPE A, EFAMCh B, EFAMME A, and EFAMMo C killed over 90%. However, there was no effects to FEFAM C, D, EFAMSM C, EFAML A, EFAMME C, E, H, J, EFAMMo G and I against P. persimilis. P. persimilis adults were not survived in vial for 48 hours after sprayed and dried with the environment friendly agricultural materials, fer examples, EFAMSM I, EFAMME A, EFAMMo A, C, and I. Otherwise, EFAMCh C and EFAMMo B were no effects to P. persimilis. Some environment friendly agricultural materials are of different qualities, and consequently test of their foxily have to necessary.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate the change of deltamethrin residue after spraying for control of hygienic insects in bush of levee at Bansuk-dong stream (A) and Juk-dong ditch (B) in Yuseong, Daejeon. The drop concentrations and disappearance of deltamethrin residue in stream water were determined to evaluate the toxic effects of stream ecosystem. METHODS AND RESULTS: Water samples were collected at 7 points including 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 70 and 100 m downstream from the deltamethrin spraying point. Water sample was partitioned into dichloromethane, and was determined with GC/${\mu}$-ECD. Limit of Quantitation of deltamethrin was 0.04 ${\mu}g/L$. Recoveries of deltamethrin at two fortification levels of 0.4 and 2.0 ${\mu}g/L$ were $91.57{\pm}3.13%$(n=3) and $94.40{\pm}4.59%$(n=3) in A stream, and $88.24{\pm}3.33%$(n=3) and $85.20{\pm}3.73%$(n=3) in B stream, respectively. Residue of A stream were from <0.04 ${\mu}g/L$ to 0.48 ${\mu}g/L$ and B stream were from 0.08 ${\mu}g/L$ to 14.95 ${\mu}g/L$ under practice application condition. And residues were from <0.04 ${\mu}g/L$ to 0.2 ${\mu}g/L$ in A stream treated deltamethrin with 1.0 mg level at the upper region. CONCLUSION(S): Practice application of deltamethrin for the pest control of waterside was not much shown toxic effect to ecosystem of stream.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2009

Woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, overwintered as adult or nymph stage on rootstocks, and crown- and root sucker in the soil. In an un sprayed apple orchard, the number of E. lanigerum colony started to increase from mid-April, showed the 1st peak between late June and early July, thereafter decreased followed by the 2nd peak in late July, and then again peaked in late September as the size in the 1st peak. In this orchard, the number of E. lanigerum colonies per tree did not exceed 3.5 colonies during the peak occurrence period, and was maintained around 2 colonies throughout seasons. In all seasons, parasitism of Aphelinus mali on E. lanigerum was much lower on root colonies than on aerial colonies that located on shoots and tree trunks above the ground. The parasitism of E. lanigerum was high in most orchards examined, showing parasitism of > 70% in maximum in most cases. In the laboratory bioassay for the mortality effects of several insecticides on E. lanigerum, fenitrothion, dichlorphos, machine oil, methidathion, thiacloprid, and imidacloprid showed 97.8, 96.8, 95.4, 91.5, 26.7, and 7.8% morality, respectively. Also, the adult emergence rates from A. mali mummies were 51.2, 72.6, 14.2, 3.5, 72.2, and 85.4% in the treatment of the above insecticides, respectively. Insecticides belong to neonicotinoid, which are newly developed to control aphids, showed low mortality against E. lanigerum. Fenitrothion and dichlorphos were effective on E. lanigerum control and had a low toxic to A. mali. Consequently, the insecticides should be useful in integrated pest management system for E. lanigerum in apple orchards.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.415-419
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• 2019

Fipronil is an insecticide that belongs to the N-phenylpytazole and has been used mainly for an insect pest control. However, it is known that acute poisoning of the human body causes various symptoms such as dizziness, muscle weakness, dyspnea, skin irritation, and increased heart rate. Lately, eggs containing fipronil have been distributed and toxic problems are spreading around the world. In this study, we tried to develop analytical methods to evaluate the exposure of fipronil and fipronil sulfone in animal serum samples. The differences according to mobile phase and the results of liquid - liquid extraction and solid phase extraction pretreatment method were compared. Distilled water (A) and acetonitrile (B) were selected for the mobile phase, and the pretreatment method was determined by solid phase extraction. As a result of the method validation, the intra-day / inter-day accuracies were 82.2~114.1% and the precisions were less than 20%. The detection limit was 0.027 ng/ml for fipronil and 0.087 ng/ml for fipronil sulfone. The linearity obtained was satisfying, with a coefficient of determination (r²) higher than 0.99. The concentrations in some animal sera were determined using the methods of analysis for fipronil and fipronil sulfone in animal sera developed in this study. Using the method developed in this study, it could be used as an analytical method for human bio-monitoring of fipronil and fipronil sulfone as well as animal serum.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2005

Temporary control schedules were tested at sweet persimmon orchards to development new control programs to meet the quarantine requirements of USA in 2002. The 'USA export-type control orchards' were spayed with pesticides (azoxystrobin, carbaryl, cyhexatin, fenarimol, mancozeb, methoxyfenozide, spinosad and trifluxistrobin) which were possibly adaptable to the poem trees in USA. Pesticide residues in the sweet persimmon fruits harvested from USA export-type control orchards were analyzed. Azoxystrobin, mancozeb, trifloxystrobin, spinosad, carbaryl, and cyhexatin were not detected by the experimental methods. The residues of fenarimol and methoxyfenozide in sweet persimmon of USA export-type control orchards were 0.016-0.020 ppm and 0.022-0.029 ppm, respectively. These levels are quite below the maximum residue limit level of USA (below 0.1 ppm in fenarimol and 7 ppm in methoxyfenozide). These results suggest that new control programs could be developed by modifying the USA export-type control schedule tested in this study to meet the quarantine requirements of USA, if we could suppress the damage of plant bugs.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.432-437
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• 2017

Yellow sticky traps have been commonly used for monitoring tobacco whitefly populations in open-fields, as well as in greenhouses. However, the attractiveness depends on various factors such as the reflected intensity (brightness) and hues of yellow color (wavelength) of the trap surface, which is often influenced by environmental conditions and may sometimes affect tobacco whitefly capture. Therefore, the use of light-emitting traps can be a significant complementary tool to strengthen the attractiveness and selectivity of these traps. This research was carried out in tomato greenhouses to evaluate the light-emitting trap as potential attractants for Bemisia tabaci adults. The results showed that B. tabaci adults on average preferred (p>0.05) traps in yellow lights (590 nm) ($168{\pm}7.6adults/trap$) compared to traps in white lights ($106{\pm}4.6adults/trap$) and traps without lights ($60{\pm}4.8adults/trap$). The yellow light trap(590 nm) showed the most attractive to B. tabaci adults, followed by a little lower attraction to the white light trap(450-625 nm), whereas the control (no light trap) was little attractive to B. tabaci adults. These results suggested that yellow and white light traps could have a promising use in greenhouses for the identification, monitoring, and pest control tools of tobacco whiteflies.