• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.153-160
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• 2002

Based on a generalized variational principle for magneto-thermo-elasticity, a theoretical model is proposed to describe the coupled magneto-thermo-elastic interaction in soft ferromagnetic plates. Using the linearized theory of magneto-elasticity and perturbation technique, we analyze the magneto-elastic and magneto-thermo- elastic instability of simply supported ferromagnetic plates subjected to thermal and magnetic fields. A nonlinear finite element procedure is developed next to simulate the magneto-thermo-elastic behavior of a finite-size ferromagnetic plates. The effects of thermal and magnetic fields on the magneto-thermo-elastic bending and buckling is investigated in some detail.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2013

Consider the inverse bin-packing number problem. Given a set of items and a prescribed number K of bins, the inverse bin-packing number problem, IBPN for short, is concerned with determining the minimum perturbation to the item-size vector so that all the items can be packed into K bins or less. It is known that this problem is NP-hard (Chung, 2012). In this paper, we investigate some special cases of IBPN that can be solved in polynomial time. We propose an optimal algorithm for solving the IBPN instances with two distinct item sizes and the instances with large items.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 1976

The perturbation of dose distribution adjacent to cavities in high energy electron has shown that the percentage of dose increase varies markedly as a function of the build-up layer, the length and thickness of the cavities, and the electron energy. The dose distribution showed that cavities similar in size to those encountered in the head and neck measured by industrial film dosimetry and corrected by ionization chambers. The most increased doses by measuring are resulted in a localized dose of up to 130% of that measured at the depth of maximum dose within a homogeneous tissue equivalent phantom. The measured values and correction factors of dose perturbation due to air cavities showed in diagrams and would be summarized as follows. 1. In $8{\sim}12MeV$ electron beams, the most marked dose is observed when the build-up layer thickness is 0.5cm and cavity volume is $2{\times}2{\times}2cm^3$. 2. The highest dose point is located under cavity when the energy is increased and cavity length is longer. 3. The cavity length at which the maximum percentage dose occurs decreases with increasing energy. 4. The highest percentage cavity doses are obtained when the energy is high, the build-up layer is thin, the thickness of the cavity is large, and the length of the cavity is approximately 1 to 3cm. 5. The doses of upper portion of cavity are less than the standard dose distribution as 5 to 10%. 6. The maximum range of electron beam are extended as much as thickness of cavity. 7. A cavity having a length of 5cm closely approximates a cavity of infinite length.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.963-977
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• 2011

다변량 자료를 분석함에 있어 자료의 차원을 축소하는데 활용되는 중요한 툴 중 하나인 PCA 분석(주성분 분석, Principal Component Analysis)을 실시간으로 처리해야 하는 적용 분야가 최근 늘고 있다. PCA 분석에서는 표본 공분산 행렬의 고유값과 고유벡터를 도출하는 것이 관건인데, 자료의 양이 방대하며 고차원인 경우 이를 실시간으로 수행하기에는 어려움이 따른다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 Erdogmus 등 (2004)는 일차 섭동 이론(first order perturbation theory)을 활용하여 공분산 행렬의 고유값과 고유벡터를 추정하는 Recursive PCA 방법을 제안했다. 이 방법은 추가된 자료의 양이 많지 않은 경우는 상당히 정확하지만, 추가된 자료의 양이 많아짐에 따라 오차도 커진다는 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 논문은 공분산 행렬의 고유값과 고유벡터가 가지고 있는 수학적 관계를 이용하여 Erdogmus 등 (2004)가 제안한 Recursive PCA 방법을 수정한 Modi ed Recursive PCA 방법을 제안하다. 또한, 모의 실험을 통해 Recursive PCA 방법과 Modi ed Recursive PCA 방법에서의 고유값과 고유벡터 추정값의 정확도를 비교해 보았으며 그 결과 기존 Recursive PCA 방법 보다 정확한 추정이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.46.3-46.3
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• 2017

We investigate the changes of galaxy spin orientation in dense environments using hydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulations for 17 galaxy clusters. This study reveals that the spin axes of satellite galaxies become more unstable when the satellites have lower initial $V/{\sigma}$, orbits with smaller pericenter distance, and higher merger rates after infall into the model clusters. The satellite galaxies involved in mergers after infall experience twice larger angular changes of spin axes than those without mergers. We also find that perturbation exerted by environments or neighboring galaxies strongly correlates with the stability of spin orientation and final $V/{\sigma}$. On the other hand, the size or stellar mass density of the satellites are not significantly affected by mergers or perturbation in cluster environments.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권11호
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• pp.2064-2075
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• 2011

In this paper, robust multi-level perturbation and observation (MLPO) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control are presented of the environmental change including the solar radiation and temperature. Because the maximum power point of the Photovoltaic (PV) is changing according to the solar radiation and temperature, the technology which traces the maximum power point in order to increase the power efficiency is recognized as the very important part. The general requirement for the MPPT is that system is simple, the cost is inexpensive, the PV tracking function and output change are small. Conventional perturbation and observation (PO) method is a simple system but there is the disadvantage that an efficiency of system becomes low. In addation, the incremental conductance (IC) control is required expensive CPU because of a large of calculations. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, the MLPO MPPT control using the method diversifying the step size according to the environment condition is presented. The validity of the MLPO method presenting from this paper is proved through analyzing the solar power generation output error at the steady state.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.205-219
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• 2019

This paper analyzes nonlinear free vibration of the circular nano-tubes made of functionally graded materials in the framework of nonlocal strain gradient theory in conjunction with a refined higher order shear deformation beam model. The effective material properties of the tube related to the change of temperature are assumed to vary along the radius of tube based on the power law. The refined beam model is introduced which not only contains transverse shear deformation but also satisfies the stress boundary conditions where shear stress cancels each other out on the inner and outer surfaces. Moreover, it can degenerate the Euler beam model, the Timoshenko beam model and the Reddy beam model. By incorporating this model with Hamilton's principle, the nonlinear vibration equations are established. The equations, including a material length scale parameter as well as a nonlocal parameter, can describe the size-dependent in linear and nonlinear vibration of FGM nanotubes. Analytical solution is obtained by using a two-steps perturbation method. Several comparisons are performed to validate the present analysis. Eventually, the effects of various physical parameters on nonlinear and linear natural frequencies of FGM nanotubes are analyzed, such as inner radius, temperature, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, scale parameter ratio, slenderness ratio, volume indexes, different beam models.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.261-275
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• 2019

The main objective of this paper is to study the axial buckling and post-buckling of geometrically imperfect single-layer graphene sheets (GSs) under in-plane loading in the theoretical framework of the nonlocal strain gradient theory. To begin with, a graphene sheet is modeled by a two-dimensional plate subjected to simply supported ends, and supposed to have a small initial curvature. Then according to the Hamilton's principle, the nonlinear governing equations are derived with the aid of the classical plate theory and the von-karman nonlinearity theory. Subsequently, for providing a more accurate physical assessment with respect to the influence of respective parameters on the mechanical performances, the approximate analytical solutions are acquired via using a two-step perturbation method. Finally, the authors perform a detailed parametric study based on the solutions, including geometric imperfection, nonlocal parameters, strain gradient parameters and wave mode numbers, and then reaching a significant conclusion that both the size-dependent effect and a geometrical imperfection can't be ignored in analyzing GSs.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.18-35
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• 2024

In the present work, the evolution rules for the internal variables including continuum damage factors are obtained using the thermodynamic framework, which are in turn facilitated to derive the elastic-plastic constitutive relation for the particulate composites. Using the Mori-Tanaka scheme, the homogenization on state and internal variables such as back-stress and damage factors is carried out to procure the rate independent plasticity relations. Moreover, the degradation of mechanical properties of constituents is depicted by the distinctive damages such that the phase and interfacial damages are treated individually accordingly, whereas the kinematic hardening is depicted by combining the Armstrong-Frederick and Phillips' back-stress evolutions. On the other hand, the present constitutive relation for each phase is expressed in terms of the respective damage-free effective quantities, then, followed by transformation into the damage affected overall nominal relations using the aforementioned homogenization concentration factors. An emphasis is placed on the qualitative analyses for strain localization by observing the perturbation growth instead of the conventional bifurcation analyses. It turns out that the proposed constitutive model offers a wide range of strain localization behavior depending on the evolution of various internal variable descriptions.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.418-423
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• 2008

Among various sensitivity evaluation techniques, semi-analytical method is quite popular since this method is more advantageous than analytical method and global finite difference method. However, SAM reveals severe inaccuracy problem when relatively large rigid body motions are identified for individual elements. Such errors result from the numerical differentiation of the pseudo load vector calculated by the finite difference scheme. In the present study, the adjoint variable method combined with complex variable is proposed to obtain the shape and size sensitivity for structural optimization. The complex variable can present accurate results regardless of the perturbation size as well as easy to be implemented. Through a few numerical examples of the static problem for the structural sensitivity, the efficiency and reliability of the adjoint variable method combined with complex variable is demonstrated.