• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.50-62
• /
• 2005

The elderly people was over 8.3% in 2003. This seament is projected to grow to 14.4% by 2019(Aged society) and over 20% by 2026(Super aged society). As the elderly population is increasing and young population is declined social issues around elderly care are emerged in Korea. As a result of that, they are in the condition of poor system of the welfare of the old and it is the worst one in Korea. And because of the worst financial independence and difficulty in Korea, welfare facilities and medical instruments are so insufficient and deteriorated, so the quality of service is getting low. Furthermore the mortality of cancer is rapidely increased in recent years. So it is expected that the number of families who are caring for terminal cancer patient will be increased. We can not solve those problems only with government's policy such as to secure ample budget and to enlarge the aged welfare institutions. Definitely, to acheve the suggetions persistence concern about old people is most important, and family, community and national government should be linked to accomplish to goal. Accordingly, for this study attempts to provide conceptual framework of the respite care, spiritual care and home hospice, nursing home for the elderly. And this study is to discuss the necessity and effect about the construction of housing welfare infrastructure and to make a cooperation and linkage system among the aged welfare institutions, government and the aged welfare programs. As is well known, the issue of the increasing aged people is neither a matter of individuals nor of the family, but rather a complex matter of whol society. Therefore it can be resolved by the active participation of government. Conclusively this study tries to provide an direction of the improvement with regard to the welfare policy for the elderly. The study is as follwos: Chapters 1: The theological base, conception, essentiality, respite care, spiritual care and home hospice, nursing home for the elderly. Chapters 2: Definitions of respite care, spiritual care, hospice, patient of termina cancer and quality of life. And relations between respite care and nursing home. Chapters 3: The necessity of long-term care insurance and the perspectives of spiritual care. Chapters 4: Conclusions and summarizing(The directions of improvement of welfare policy for the elderly). To sum up, the problems of the aged people has not effects only to the aged people. This means that the problems of aged is the problems of the young generation today. Because young generation will be the old generation in the near future.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.494-510
• /
• 2001

As a family respond to any stressful situation as a whole system, cancer diagnosis of a child, as a serious life event, could be emotional shock to destroy homeostasis of the family system. A family has a resilient capacity to adjust and adapt to stressful events. Previous studies have been focused on family stress and adaptation, but little attention has been given to family value as one of resilient factors. The data for model testing were collected from July 18, 2000 to August 30, 2000 and the analysis included 309 parents of children who are diagnosed as cancer, 18 or less years of age, and treated either hospitalized or at the outpatient clinics. The data analysis utilized SAS 6.12 and LISREL 8 for descriptive statistics, correlation, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and LISREL. The study findings are as follows. 1) Monthly income (γ=-0.28, t=-5.81) was the most important factor to explain family strain along with family support (γ=-0.11, t=-2.43), severity of children's illness (γ=0.26, t=5.22), and family stressor (γ=0.22, t=4.62). All of these factors together explained 40％ of variance in family strain. 2) Among general family value, the relationship with the parents (γ=0.28, t=4.89) and relationship with the children (γ=0.20, t=3.60) showed positive effects to family value for cancer children, while relationship with the spouse (γ=-0.19, t=-3.22) and the age of the cancer children (γ=-0.11, t=-2.21) showed negative effects. These predictors together explained 22％ of variance in family value for cancer children. 3) Family hardiness was explained mostly by family strain (γ=-0.53, t=-8.65) along with direct negative effects of family persistency and indirect negative effects of severity of children's illness, family stressor, relationship with the spouse, and the children's age. Family value for cancer children was the most important predictor with positive effect (γ=0.44, t=6.76) along with indirect effects of monthly income, relationship with the parents, relationship with the children, support from family and significant others, and confidence with the health professionals. 51％ of variance in family hardiness was explained by all of these predictors. 4) The most important predictor for family adaptation was family stressor (γ=-0.50, t=-6.85) with direct and indirect negative effects along with the severity of children's illness (γ=-0.27, t=-5.21). However, family value for cancer children showed compromised total effect (γ=-0.13, t=-1.99) with negative direct effects (γ=-0.28, t=-3.43) and positive indirect effects (γ=0.14, t=3.01). Similarly, confidence with the health professionals also showed compromised total effect (γ=0.09, t=1.99) with positive direct effects and negative indirect effects. Family hardiness showed the biggest positive direct effects while other factors such as monthly income, family stressor, family persistence, support of family and significant others, relationship with the parents, relationship with the children, and relationship with the spouse, and children's age showed indirect effects only. 39％ of variance in family adaptation was explained by all of these predictors.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.295-303
• /
• 2016

The purposes of this study are to describe the process for the instrument construction and the development of scales on rating college students' adaptability and to analyze the technical qualities of the test. The primary goal of this study is to inform students and institutions what is needed to college student's adjustment process into university and college life. The scales are tested by specialty group and statistical methods, and finally composed of 142 items, which measures 8 scales, the academic integration, the social integration into college, career identity, emotional stability, learning condition's stability, relationship with professors, satisfaction degree of educational service, satisfaction degree of college education. This study analyzed 1,959 students' responses from 4 colleges and universities. This study confirms that the scales which this study developed show high concurrent evidence with the college student's adaptability inventory for Korean university and college students based on various development process, specially rapid great change of college. The result of factor analysis shows the evidence based on internal structures of the scales. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the subscales is .965, from 742 to .937. The prediction model to determine the possibility of dropout by 7 scales is statistically significant in .05, except learning condition's stability. According to CFA Model, RMSEA= .08~.09. dependence factor variance are explained by this study's CFA model. In conclusion, this study confirms that the scales which this study developed are valid and reliable instrument for Korean university and college students to predict their adaptability to college.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.325-332
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the adsorption and the movement of herbicide fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in the silty clay soil(SiC) and the sandy loam soil(SL). Fifteen percent of the added herbicide was adsorbed within 30 min after shaking, and a quasi-equilibrium was reached after 8 to 14 h. The time required for 50% adsorption was 15.8 h in the SiC and 19.3 h in the SL. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm was followed by the Freundlich equation and the Kd was 3.86 in the SiC and 2.32 in the SL. The herbicide in the soil columns flooded with 3 cm water depth and eluted at 0.8 cm/day was leached to 6 cm and 8 cm depth at 7 and 21 days after the treatment, respectively. However, the movement was widened with increased amount of leaching water. The herbicide in the field soils was moved up to 6 cm and 8 cm depth at 14 and 56 days after the treatment, respectively. However, the large amount of the applied herbicide was distributed in 0~2 cm profile in all of the soils examined. Half-life of the chemical in soils was shorter than 7 days and the time to 90% degradation was about 4 weeks. The results indicate that the herbicide has relatively small mobility and short persistence.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.159-167
• /
• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to closely investigate the constructive relationship between leisure satisfaction, leisure ability, exercise satisfaction, and consistent motor behavior patterns of the elderly's participation in leisure life sports. In order to achieve this, we surveyed and utilized the sampling of conveniences that selected Yongin and Seongnam city in Gyeonggi-do sports clubs, and accumulated samples of the elderly in living sports. The sample size was 239 elderly people. Based on this, according to the purpose of the study, statistical techniques, spss 23.0, and amos programs were used for analysis. The satisfaction analysis used in the research for a data analysis includes frequency analysis, exploatory factor analysis, confirmatory facor analysis, reliability analysis, correnlation analysis and structure equation model analysis. The research has drawn the following conclusions, based on the above mentioned research method and its procedures: First, it affects the satisfaction of the leisure satisfaction movement. Second, leisure ability affects exercise satisfaction. Third, exercise satisfaction affects the consistent exercise persistence and immersion satisfaction of exercise. As a result, it can be seen that the leisure immersion according to the experience of leisure competence has an effect on the satisfaction of the exercise. As a result, and the continuation of the exercise.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 1981

The persistence of preemergence herbicides, butachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N(butoxymethyl) acetanilide] and nitrofen(2,4-dichlorophenyl-4-nitrophenyl ether), at 10 ppm level in different soil conditions amended with organic matter and lime was studied under flooded and field moisture capacity. The microbial breakdown played a major role in the dissipation of the herbicides in soil. Nitrofen degradation in flooded soil was greatly accelerated, while it was slowed down in field moisture capacity as compared with butachlor. Increased amendment of rice straw to the soil shortened the half-life of butachlor under flooded condition, however it prolonged that of butachlor when the amendment was exceeded over 1% on dry weight basis. Liming the soil stimulated decomposition of the herbicides in the soil systems, which ap pears to be pH independent.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.116-125
• /
• 2017

Alpine plants with a scarcity of pollinators in harsh environments have been believed to undergo selfing for reproductive assurance; however, contradictory evidence is also available. Snowmelt regimes in alpine areas function to change life history characteristics of alpine plants such as flowering time and duration; yet the effects of snowmelt regimes have never been tested in alpine plants in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the dichogamy, mating systems, and flowering characteristics of Megaleranthis saniculifolia populations [early and late snowmelt plots (ESP and LSP, respectively)] in a subalpine area of Sobaeksan Mountain in Korea. M. saniculifolia exhibited incomplete protogyny in that despite early maturation of pistils, maturation times of pistils and stamens within flowers were partly overlapped. Control and hand-outcrossing treatments produced significantly higher number of follicles and seeds per flower than autonomous and hand-selfing treatments. Based on the aggregate fruit set, the auto-fertility index (AI) and self-compatibility index (SI) were 0.33 and 0.50, respectively. Snowmelt occurred 10 days earlier in ESP than in LSP, thereby ESP and LSP showed distinct differences with regard to flower longevity and season, but showing no difference in peak flowering dates. We concluded that M. saniculifolia is an incomplete protogynous and largely outcrossing plant requiring pollinator service. Temporal variation in snowmelt time and subsequent changes in flowering characteristics under climate change may further threaten the population persistence of M. saniculifolia which has already been designated as endangered species in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.1152-1158
• /
• 2012

Development of transgenic plant increasing crop yield or disease resistance is good way to solve the world food shortage. However, the persistence of marker genes in crops leads to serious public concerns about the safety of transgenic crops. In the present paper, we developed marker-free transgenic rice inserted high molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) gene ($D{\times}5$) from the Korean wheat cultivar 'Jokyeong' using Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation method. Two expression cassettes comprised of separate DNA fragments containing only the $D{\times}5$ and hygromycin resistance (HPTII) genes were introduced separately into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 strain for co-infection. Each EHA105 strain harboring $D{\times}5$ or HPTII was infected into rice calli at a 3: 1 ratio of EHA105 with $D{\times}5$ gene and EHA105 with HPTII gene expressing cassette. Then, among 66 hygromycin-resistant transformants, we obtained two transgenic lines inserted with both the $D{\times}5$ and HPTII genes into the rice genome. We reconfirmed integration of the $D{\times}5$ and HPTII genes into the rice genome by Southern blot analysis. Wheat $D{\times}5$ transcripts in $T_1$ rice seeds were examined with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Finally, the marker-free plants containing only the $D{\times}5$ gene were successfully screened at the $T_1$ generation. These results show that a co-infection system with two expression cassettes could be an efficient strategy to generate marker-free transgenic rice plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.939-961
• /
• 2016

For effective conservation of endangered wild plants, it is necessary to understand their interactions with environmental factors in each habitat together with life traits of target species. First, the characteristics of their distribution were investigated followed by their monitoring for 4 years focusing on the habitats in the lagoon. Also, their life traits were compared including production of hibernacles, fruits, and seeds by the soil fertilization and light intensities. Next, the information on the species was secured by germination experiment using the generated seeds from the cultivation experiment. The habitat of Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald in Korea was located in the rear edge of the worldwide distribution and its four habitats were isolated and distributed far away each other. Two of them were located in small salt-marsh and fine sand estuaries formed in the rocky area of the seashore, and the other two were inhabited with the sandy soil in the lagoon which was connected by river-mouth to the sea. Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald tends to be distributed in the sites where the establishment and growth of the competitor were inhibited by salinity, periodic flooding, and lower layer of the soil to extend a roots. It maintained its population by recruitments of hibernacles and seedling. The production of hibernacle was assumed to be affected by the particle consist of the sand together with organic matters in the soil. Seedling recruitment was observed only in the salt-marsh area located in the rear sites of sand ridge where was the shore of the lagoon. Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald was observed to have different threatening factors by each population. Its population in Pohang seemed the sedimentation of fine sand which affected the recruitment of hibernacles had been eroded due to the construction of the coastal road. The population in Ulsan appeared rapid expansion of competitor and reduction of its distribution area due to the interruption of eluted water supplied to the habitat. On the other hand, the habitat in the lagoon maintained the population relatively stable. Especially, the population in Songji-ho was determined to be the most stable one. To sustain the population of Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald distributed in the lagoon, it is suggested that the wide ranged scale of conservational activities is necessary to maintain the mechanisms including the entrance of seawater which belongs to the lagoon, and periodic flooding.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.190-196
• /
• 2009

The residues of abamectin 1.8% EC, resisted for control of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pine tree were surveyed in tissue of Pinus thunbergii and P. koraiensis after injection of a liquid formulation. Limits of detection of abamectin in tissue of P. thunbergii were $0.05\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and mean recoveries at $0.5\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ trunk injection were 90.9% and 93.1% respectively in stem and trunk of P. thunbergii. Abamectin 1.8% EC, trunk injected in 15 m height P. thunbergii were detected in all stem (edible part of carrier insect of pine wood nematode, Monochamus alternatus) from 0.29 to $0.73\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ after 150 days injection. Amount of residue of abamectin 1.8% EC in 12.6 cm mean breast height diameter (DBH) P. thunbergii were variable depending on individual trees in natural forest. Amount of residues in lower and middle part of trunk were reduced with the passage of the injection time. In upper part of trunk were detected $1.84\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 30 days after injection however $0.65\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 15 days after injection and under detection limit on 100 and 180 days after injection in P. thunbergii. Bottom and middle parts of crown were detected $0.183\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.173\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively on 180 days after injection in P. thunbergii. Mean residues of abamectin in crown and trunk were $0.80\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.30\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 170 days after trunk injection in 20 cm DBH and 9 m height P. koraiensis. Mean residues of abamectin in crown and trunk were $0.67\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.36\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 170 days after trunk injection in 15 cm DBH and 6 m height P. koraiensis.