• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate several physiological activities of 4 sweet persimmon cultivar leaf water extracts. One new cultivar ('Hongchu' (HC)]) and three traditional cultivars ('Sangseojosaeng' (UW), Japanese Uenishiwase; 'Seochonjosaeng' (NW), Japanese Nishimurawase; and 'Buyu' (FY), Japanese Fuyu) were used in this study. The HC extract showed significantly higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity than the other extracts, while the FY extract exhibited a relatively higher alcohol dehydrogenase activity. The HC extract contained higher amount of phenolics and ascorbic acid. These results suggest the possibility of high-quality persimmon leaf tea development using the new sweet persimmon cultivar, HC.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.771-781
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the anti-photoaging effects of Persimmon leaf tea(PLT) in hairless mice(SKH-1) exposed to UVB irradiation. The animals were divided into non-treated group (normal, N) and UV-radiated groups. UV-radiated groups were divided into only UV-radiated group(control, C) and UV-radiated and PLT treated experimental groups[first extraction treated group(PLT-I), second extraction treated group(PLT-II), and third extraction treated group(PLT-III)]. Three PLT treated experimental groups of mice were treated with both oral administration(300 mg/Kg B.W./day) and topical application (100 ul of 2% conc./mouse/day) for 4 weeks. Anti-photoaging effects of Persimmon leaf were evaluated by anti oxidative reaction, stereomicroscopic and microscopic observations. The expression of photoaging skin related factors including mast cell tryptase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Treatment of PLT-I, -II, -III prevented the wrinkle formation as well as epidermal hyperplasia, inflammatory cells, disruption of collagen in photoaged skin induced by UVB radiation. It also reduced the PCNA and VEGF expression in the UVB irradiated dorsal skin. Furthermore, it significantly decreased the number of mast cells in the UVB irradiated dermis(p<0.05 and p<0.01). On the effects of oxidative stress and antioxidant function on the treatment with water extract from Persimmon leaf tea(PLT), the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was significantly increased in PLT-III group(p<0.05), and catalase(CAT) was significantly increased in PLT-I and PLT-III groups(p<0.05), and PLT-II group(p<0.001). These extracts showed relatively antioxidant activity and protective effect on UVB-induced oxidative stress in hairless mice(SKH-1). Our results suggest that Persimmon leaf tea may serve as an useful radical scavenging antioxidant and anti-photoaging skin agents in the UVB irradiated skin.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 1997

Changes in antioxidative substance levels in eleven different cultivars of persimmon leaves during growth were investigated. In general, the contents of soluble phenols, L-ascorbic acid and flavonoids in astringent persimmon leaves(APL) were higher than those of nonastringent persimmon leaves(NAPL). The soluble phenol contents in APL and NAPL showed a tendency to decrease throughout leaf growth. L-ascorbic acid content in APL decreased rapidly during growth, whereas its content in NAPL reached its highest value at the late of July, and then decreased rapidly. Major flavonoids in APL and NAPL were quercetin and Kaempferol which were present in conjugate forms. Before acid hydrolysis, the contents of kaempferol and quercetin in APL and NAPL remained at a relatively constant level until the late of July, and then decreased slightly. After acid hydrolysis, kaempferol contents in APL and NAPL varied significantly by cultivar and growth stage, while quercetin contents decreased slowly until the late of July, and then increased drastically, reached a maximum at the early of August, afterward continuously decreased. These results suggest that APL harvested at the early of June may be useful as potential sources of natural antioxidants.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 2004

Leaf blight and fruit rot of sweet persimmon (cv. Fuyu) caused by Pestalotia diospyri were observed during the growing season and postharvest such as storage and transport, respectively. Typical symptoms on leaves developed with small brown spots and were later reddish brown colors. In the storage fruit, the white mycelial mats formed between fruit and calyx. The pathogenic fungus was isolated from infected fruits and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colony color of the fungus was white at first on PDA. Conidia were ovoid or fusiform, 5 cells, middle 3 cells were olive, upper and lower 2 cells were colorless, and their size were $16{\sim}22\;{\times}\;6{\sim}8\;{\mu}m$. They had were $2{\sim}3$ appendage at basal cell and size $9{\sim}18\;{\mu}m$. Based on the cultural and mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants and fruits, the fungus was identified as Pestalotia diospyri Syd.&P. Syd. This is the first report on the leaf blight and fruit rot of sweet persimmon caused by Pestalotia diospyri in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.599-606
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• 1999

Water extracts of persimmon leaf tea(PLTE), green tea(GTE) and oolong tea(OTE), at the con centration used for human consumption, were examined for inhibitory effects on the mutagenicity of major classes of dietary and environmental mutagens including indirect acting mutagens, B[ ]P (benzo[ ]pyrene), IQ(2 amino 3 methylimidazo[4,5 f]quinoline), 2 AA(2 aminoanthracene) in the presence of S9 mix and direct acting mutagen, 4 NQO(4 nitroquinoline 1 oxide) without S9 mix, using the modified Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. PLTE, GTE and OTE showed very potent and concentration dependent antimutagenic effects against indirect acting mutagens B[ ]P and IQ. At the maximum concentration(16,200 g/plate) of each tea extract, number of colonies decreased in a dose dependent manner up to 82~100%. Similar inhibition of PLTE, GTE and OTE were seen at higher concentration in the mutagenicity of the 2 AA following an initial increase in the activity at lower concentration. However, the mutagenicity of the direct acting mutagen 4 NQO were not suppressed at lower concentration of the three tea extracts, and higher concentration of the tea extracts enhanced mutagenic activity of the mutagen. There were no differences in the mode of antimutagenesis between PLTE, GTE, and OTE, in both Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains against the same mutagen. In conclusion, the water extracts of persimmon leaf tea, green tea and oolong tea possess marked antimutagenic potential against a variety of important dietary and environmental indirect acting mutagens, but the activity was not observed against the direct acting mutagens. These results suggest that the mode of inhibitory action may not have resulted from direct interaction between tea extracts and the mutagens, but rather from indirect metabolic inactivation of mutagens by tea extracts.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2015

We report three lepidopteran insect pests of non-astringent persimmon leaf for the first time from Korea; Hypocala deflorata (Noctuidae), Teliphasa elegans (Pyralidae), and Cuphodes diospyrosella (Gracillariidae). Larvae of these species were collected from an organic farming or abandoned persimmon orchard in Changwon and Jinju cities, Gyeongnam province, and reared for the identification in the laboratory. Some information, such as collection records, hosts, simple morphological characteristics, and ecology were introduced for each species.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-57
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• 1999

Botrytis cinerea was isolated from a gray mo이 leaf lesion on persimmon in fields of Kyeonsangnam-do from 1996 to 1998, and etiological study was conducted including physiological characteristics. It formed gray mold lesion with light green color on leaves of persimmon (Diospyros kaki). The temperature range for mycelial growth was between $5^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ with the optimum temperatures of $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$. Conidia were oviod, cylindric, and colorless and their dimensions in culture were $8.4~11.5\times7.0~8.9\mu\textrm{m}$. The optimum temperature of conidial germination was $25^{\circ}C$. Sclerotia on potato dextrose agar medium were well formed and brownish condiophores were observed with their size of $18.5~64.9\times4.5~8.0\mu\textrm{m}$. Symptoms on artificially inoculated plants were similar to those of gray mold disease on persimmon caused by Botrytis cinerea in fields.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.472-478
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the change in volatile flavor components of persimmon leaves during growth. The flavor components of persimmon leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The flavor compounds were collected by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) method, and were separated and identified resulting in 126 components, including 23 alcohols, 18 aldehydes, 4 esters. 15 acids, 37 hydrocarbons, 14 ketones, 6 phenols. and 9 others in persimmon leaves. The most abundant components of persimmon leaf were alcohols including iinalool. cis-3-hexanal. 1-$\alpha$ -terpineol. 3.7.11.15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and aldehydes including trans-2-hexanal. nonanal, 2-decenal and hydrocarbons including 1.1-dimethylethyl cyclohexane, 1-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) -benzene. During growth, many other components were formed and dissipated after the 20th of June.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2002

In order to promote the utilization of persimmon leaf as food, chemical components in freeze dried Persimmon leaves were analyzed. The proximate composition was composed of moisture(79.65%), crude protein(17.97%), crude fat(1.33%), ash(2.37%), crude fiber(2.01%). During growth, moisture content was decreased and crude fat, crude fiber and ash were increased, respectively. Free sugar was composed of glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose. Nonvolatile organic acid contents were composed of oxalic acid, levulenic acid, magic acid and citric acid in the order. 18 amino acids of total amino acid in persimmon leaves were detected and major amino acid were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, arginine and valine. The soluble tannin and vitamin C of persimmon leaves were 6859.37 mg% and 1487.12 mg%. During growth, its contents increased and then decreased after 20th June.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2007

Persimmon is well-known as a Korean traditional medicine for alleviating coughs and enhancing blood circulation; it is also used for treatment of hypertension, cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. To evaluate the protective properties of persimmon leaf methanol extract (PLME) and persimmon fruit methanol extract (PFME) administration on acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, C57BL/6 male mice were gavaged with or without persimmon extracts for 1 week. Hepatotoxicity was then induced by gavage of 5 g/kg BW ethanol. After 12 hr of ethanol administration, blood and liver were collected and analyzed for biochemical markers of hepatotoxicity. The results showed PLME and PFME treatments decreased the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared with ethanol control. Both PLME and PFME reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, but elevated alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Serum triglyceride (TG) and hepatic cholesterol levels were significantly decreased when treated with PLME and PFME. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in PLME and PFME groups compared with ethanol control. Furthermore, the administration of PLME and PFME significantly increased the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-red). In summary, PLME and PFME appeared to prevent hepatic injury by accelerating alcohol metabolism by increasing alcohol-metabolizing enzyme activities, by activating the antioxidative enzyme system against oxidative stress, and by decreasing fat accumulation, which is evidenced by decreased hepatotoxic indices in serum.