• Title/Summary/Keyword: Permissible limits

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Permissible Safety Limits in Local Cooling Focused on the Parts of Human Body (신체 부위별 냉각허용한계온도에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, Kyoung-Sook;Choi, Jeong-Wha;Kim, Kyung-Ran
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.31 no.1 s.160
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    • pp.119-130
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    • 2007
  • The objects of this study were to investigate responses and peculiarity during local cooling by parts of the human body and to show permissible safety limits without injurious to his health because of excessive cooling when he works hot environments. It were measured rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, total body weight loss, local sweat in back and thigh, clothing microclimate and subjective sensation on 8 subjects and cooling parts were head, neck, chest, abdomen, back, waist, hip, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, calf and foot. According to above-mentioned the first experiment, we chose permissible safety limits by parts of the human body for one hour. In the second experiment, it was showed permissible safety limits by parts which examined their safety about health through 4 hours cooling test on 3 subjects. The results are as follows: 1. As a result of the first experiment, we chose permissible safety limits by parts, as follows, head $25^{\circ}C$, neck $20^{\circ}C$, chest $27^{\circ}C$, abdomen $25^{\circ}C$, back $20^{\circ}C$, waist $20^{\circ}C$, upper arm $20^{\circ}C$, forearm $20^{\circ}C$, hand $23^{\circ}C$, thigh $20^{\circ}C$, calf $20^{\circ}C$ and foot $23^{\circ}C$ in $37^{\circ}C$, 50%R.H. environment for 1 hour. 2. As a result of the second experiment, cooling on these safety limits temperatures except chest didn't have a bad effect on health. So it was proved that right permissible safety limits of chest was $28^{\circ}C$. From these results, it has been suggested that skin temperature didn't fall below permissible safety limits when human body was to be cool by parts.

Hazard and Risk Assessment and Cost and Benefit Analysis for Revising Permissible Exposure Limits in the Occupational Safety and Health Act of Korea (산업안전보건법 허용기준 대상물질의 허용기준 개정을 위한 유해성·위험성 평가 및 사회적 비용·편익 분석)

  • Kim, Ki Youn;Oh, Sung Eop;Hong, Mun Ki;Lee, Kwon Seob
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.134-145
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: An objective of this study was to perform a risk assessment and social cost-benefit analysis for revising permissible exposure limits for seven substances: Nickel(Insoluble inorganic compounds), benzene, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, cadmium(as compounds), trichloroethylene, touluene-2,4-diisocyanate. Materials and Methods: The research methods were divided into risk and hazard assessment and cost-benefit analysis. The risk and hazard assessment for the seven substances consists of four steps: An overview of GHS MSDS(1st), review of document of ACGIH's TLVs (2nd), comparison between international occupational exposure limits and domestic permissible exposure limits(3rd), and analysis of excess workplace and excess rate for occupational exposure limits based on previous work environment measurement data(4th). Total cost was estimated using cost of local exhaust ventilation, number of excess workplace and penalties for exceeding a permissible exposure limit. On the other hand, total benefit was calculated using the reduction rate of occupational disease, number of workplaces treating each substance and industrial accident compensation. Finally, the net benefit was calculated by subtracting total cost from total benefit. Results: All the substances investigated in this study were classified by CMR(Carcinogens, Mutagens or Reproductive toxicants) and their international occupational exposure limits were stricter than the domestic permissible exposure limits. As a result of excess rate analysis, trichloroethylene was the highest at 11%, whereas nickel was the lowest at 0.5%. The excess rates of all substances except for trichloroethylene were observed at less than 10%. Among the seven substances, the total cost was highest for trichloroethylene and lowest for carbon disulfide. The benefits for the seven substances were higher than costs estimated based on strengthening current permissible exposure limits. Thus, revising the permissible exposure limits of the seven substances was determined to be acceptable from a social perspective. Conclusions: The final revised permissible exposure limits suggested for the seven substances are as follows: $0.2mg/m^3$ for nickel, 0.5 ppm(TWA) and 2.5 ppm(STEL) for benzene, 1 ppm(TWA) for carbon disulfide, $0.01mg/m^3$(TWA) for cadmium, 10 ppm(TWA) and 25 ppm(STEL) for trichloroethylene, 0.3 ppm(TWA) for formaldehyde, and 0.005 ppm(TWA) and 0.02 ppm(STEL) for toluene diisocynate(isomers).

Study on the Relationship between Gender-Role Stereotypes, Sexual Assault Awareness and Permissible limit in the College Students (대학생의 성역할 고정관념, 성폭력 인지도 및 성폭력 허용도에 관한 연구)

  • Shim, Chung-Sin;Lee, Young-Sook;Oh, Suk-Hee
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.117-125
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between gender-role stereotypes, sexual assault awareness and permissible limits in the college students. Methods: With a structured survey, a sample of 756 college students who agreed to participate in the study completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The result showed that gender-role stereotypes differed significantly depending on gender and age, while awareness of sexual assault differed significantly depending on gender, age, and location of residence. The permissible limits in sexual assault differed significantly according to gender, relationship with parents, and location of residence. There were significant relationships among awareness of sexual assault, gender-role stereotypes, and permissible limits of sexual assault. Conclusion: The result will provide preliminary data and strategies to develop sexual assault prevention programs.

A Study on the Criteria for Selection of Permitted Standard Substances in the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Korea (산업안전보건법상 허용기준 설정대상 유해인자 선정기준 마련에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Junghyun;Hahm, Miran;Lee, Eun Jung;Lee, Kwon Seob;Hong, Mun Ki;Byeon, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: This study aims to suggest definitions in accordance with the purpose of the permissible limit system in order to suggest criteria for substances with permissible exposure limits and expanded candidate substances under the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Korea. Methods: The occupational safety and health related acts from six countries were researched, including from Korea. To understand the health hazards of substances with permissible exposure limits, health hazards were prioritized for 211 substances through working environment measurement on the basis of KOSHA's preceding research. Results: To suggest criteria for substances with permissible exposure limits and expanded candidate substances, definitions were suggested in accordance with the purpose of the permissible limit system. Based on the health hazard priorities for the working environment, selection criteria were identified. Conclusions: Three suggestions for substances with permissible exposure limits were proposed including substances where occurred serious health hazards such as carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity to workers.

Joint stress based deflection limits for transmission line towers

  • Gayathri, B.;Ramalingam, Raghavan
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2018
  • Experimental investigations have revealed significant mismatches between analytical estimates and experimentally measured deflections of transmission towers. These are attributed to bolt slip and joint flexibility. This study focuses on effects of joint flexibility on tower deflections and proposes criterions for permissible deflection limits based on the stresses in joints. The objective has been framed given that guidelines are not available in the codes of practices for transmission towers with regard to the permissible limits of deflection. The analysis procedure is geometric and material nonlinear with consideration of joint flexibility in the form of extension or contraction of the cover plates. The deflections due to bolt slip are included in the study by scaling up the deflections obtained from analysis by a factor. Using the results of the analysis, deflection limits for the towers are proposed by limiting the stresses in the joints. The obtained limits are then applied to a new full scale tower to demonstrate the application of the current study.

Calculation of the Harmonic Emission Limit for low-Voltage Electrical Equipment (국내 저압 전기기기의 고조파 유출 제한값 산정)

  • Kang, Moon-Ho;Song, Yang-Hoi;Lee, Heung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.22 no.10
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2008
  • Because the harmonic disturbance characteristic which makes voltage drop and the deterioration of instantaneous power quality in electrical power system overheats the NGR and the customer capacitor and malfunctions the OCGR and AMR, it is necessary for electric power company to take active measures to reduce this disturbance. International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) 61000-3-2 specifies limits for harmonic current emissions generated by low voltage(LV) electrical equipment whose input current $\leq$ 16(A) per phase. Analysis shows that limits for Class A equipment in IEC are calculated using the reference impedance of LV system and maximum permissible voltage and limits for other Classes are also calculated based on limits for Class A. Therefore we have calculated four(4) internal limits for LV electrical equipment using the korea reference impedance and maximum permissible voltage in this paper.

FIXED POINT THEORY FOR PERMISSIBLE MAPS VIA INDEX THEORY

  • Balaj, Mircea;Cho, Yeol-Je;O'Regan, Donal
    • East Asian mathematical journal
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2008
  • New fixed point theorems for permissible maps between $Fr{\acute{e}}chet$ spaces are presented. The proof relies on index theory developed by Dzedzej and on viewing a $Fr{\acute{e}}chet$ space as the projective limit of a sequence of Banach spaces.

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A Study on Span to Depth Ratio for Minimum Thickness of One-Way Slab

  • Choi, Bong-Seob;Kwon, Young-Wung
    • KCI Concrete Journal
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 1999
  • A Computer-based iterative method is provided for the calculation of minimum thickness values for one-way slabs to satisfy the maximum permissible limits given in the ACI Building Code. An algorithm includes the effects of cracking and time-dependent effects due to creep and shrinkage. Comparison of the calculated minimum thickness values with the current ACI limits is conducted to investigate limitations of the current tabulated minimum thickness. which are constant to a range of design conditions.

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A Study on Performance Reduction Characteristics of Digital Wireless Communication by APD (APD 통계 모델에 의한 디지털 무선 통신 성능 저감 특성 연구)

  • Lim, Sung-Jin;Hur, Min-Ho;Kwon, Se-Woong;Yoon, Young-Joon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.8-12
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    • 2003
  • To protect digital communications and broadcasting that are expected to be increasingly used at frequencies above 1GHz, there is a need to determine permissible disturbance limits for frequency bands above 1GHz according to indicates that better correlates with interference level in digital systems. The quality of digital communications is expressed in terms of bit error rate(BER) or throughput. In this regard, it has been reported that degradation of BER or throughput can be estimated from the amplitude probability distribution (APD) of disturbance amplitude. Therefore, if the APD can simply be measured with a high accuracy, APD will be an optimal index for the assessment of interference in digital communications. In this paper, we show that a measurement method using statistic model of APD has compatibility about performance reduction estimation of WLAN. And through approach of this inspection, we propose numeral models about interference effects of peak value and time rate of spurious.

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