Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Joint stress based deflection limits for transmission line towers

  • Received : 2017.07.17
  • Accepted : 2017.09.23
  • Published : 2018.01.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Experimental investigations have revealed significant mismatches between analytical estimates and experimentally measured deflections of transmission towers. These are attributed to bolt slip and joint flexibility. This study focuses on effects of joint flexibility on tower deflections and proposes criterions for permissible deflection limits based on the stresses in joints. The objective has been framed given that guidelines are not available in the codes of practices for transmission towers with regard to the permissible limits of deflection. The analysis procedure is geometric and material nonlinear with consideration of joint flexibility in the form of extension or contraction of the cover plates. The deflections due to bolt slip are included in the study by scaling up the deflections obtained from analysis by a factor. Using the results of the analysis, deflection limits for the towers are proposed by limiting the stresses in the joints. The obtained limits are then applied to a new full scale tower to demonstrate the application of the current study.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmadizadeh, M. and Maleek, S. (2014), "An investigation of the effects of socket joint flexibility in space structures", J. Constr. Steel. Res., 102, 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.07.001
  2. Al-Bermani, F.G.A. and Kitipornchai S. (1992), "Nonlinear analysis of transmission towers", Eng. Struct., 14(3), 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(92)90025-L
  3. Albermani, F., Kitipornchai, S. and Chan, R.W.K. (2009), "Failure analysis of transmission towers", Eng. Fail. Anal., 16, 1922-1928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.10.001
  4. Baran, E., Akis, T., Sen, G. and Draisawi, A. (2016), "Experimental and numerical analysis of a bolted connection in steel transmission towers", J. Constr. Steel Res., 121, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.02.009
  5. Bhatti, M.A. (2005), Fundamental Finite Element Analysis and Applications: with Mathematica and Matlab Computations, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
  6. Blachowski, B. and Gutkowski, W. (2016), "Effect of damaged circular flange-bolted connections on behaviour of tall towers, modelled by multilevel substructuring", Eng. Struct., 111, 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.12.018
  7. Cai, J., Zhang, Q., Jiang, Y., Xu, Y., Feng, J. and Deng, X. (2017), "Nonlinear analysis of a radially retractable hybrid grid shell in the closed position", Steel Compos. Struct., 24(3), 287-296. https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2017.24.3.287
  8. Deng, H.Z., Xu, H.J., Duan, C.Y., Jin, X.H. and Wang, Z.H. (2016), 'Experimental and numerical study on the responses of a transmission tower to skew incident winds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 157, 171-188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2016.05.010
  9. Fedor, K. and Czmoch, I. (2016), "Structural analysis of tension tower subjected to exceptional loads during installation of line conductors", Procedia Eng., 153, 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.093
  10. Gray, P.J. and McCarthy, C.T. (2011), "A highly efficient userdefined finite element for load distribution analysis of largescale bolted composite structures", Compos. Sci. Technol., 71(12), 1517-1527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.06.011
  11. IEC 60652 (2002), Loading Tests on Overhead Lines Structures, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Switzerland.
  12. IS 802 Part 3 (1978), Code of Practice for Use of Structural Steel in Overhead Transmission Line Towers-Testing, Bureau of Indian Standards, India.
  13. IS: 800 (2007), General Construction in Steel-Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, India.
  14. Jayachandran, S.A., Kalyanaraman, V. and Narayanan, R (2004), "A corotation based secant matrix procedure for the elastic postbuckling analysis of truss structures", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 4(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455404001124
  15. Jiang, W.Q., Wang, Z.Q., McClure, G., Wang, G.L. and Geng, J.D. (2011), "Accurate modeling of joint effects in lattice transmission towers", Eng. Struct., 33(5), 1817-1827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.02.022
  16. Kartal, M.E., Basaga, H.B., Bayraktar, A. and Muvafik, M. (2010), "Effects of semi-rigid connection on structural responses", Elec. J. Struct. Eng., 10, 22-35.
  17. Kitipornchai, S., Al-Bermani, F.G.A. and Peyrot, A.H. (1992), "Effect of bolt slippage on ultimate behaviour of lattice structures", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 120(8), 2281-2287. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:8(2281)
  18. Kondoh, K. and Atluri, S.N. (1985), "Influence of local buckling on global instability: simplified large deformation post-buckling analysis of plane trusses", Comput. Struct., 21(4), 613-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(85)90140-3
  19. Kroeker, D. (2000), "Structural analysis of transmission towers with connection slip modelling", MS Thesis, University of Manitoba, Manitoba.
  20. Li, Q., Junjian, Y. and Wei, L. (2012), "Random wind-induced response analysis of transmission tower-line system", Energy Procedia, 16, 1813-1821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.279
  21. Ma, H., Fan, F., Wen, P., Zhang, H. and Shen, S. (2015), "Experimental and numerical studies on a single-layer cylindrical reticulated shell with semi-rigid joints", Thin Wall. Struct., 86, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.08.006
  22. Mattiasson, K. (1983), "On the corotational finite element formulation for large deformation problems", Dr Ing Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg.
  23. Murthy, S.S. and Santhakumar, A.R. (1990), Transmission Line Structures, McGraw Hill, Singapore.
  24. Peyrot, A.H. and Goulois, A.M. (1979), "Analysis of cable structures", Comput. Struct., 10, 805-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(79)90044-0
  25. Rao, N.P., Knight, G.M.S., Lakshmanan, N. and Iyer, N.R. (2010), "Investigation of transmission line tower failures", Eng. Fail. Anal., 17, 1127-1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2010.01.008
  26. Rao, N.P., Knight, G.M.S., Lakshmanan, N. and Iyer, N.R. (2012), "Effect of bolt slip in tower deformation", Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr., ASCE, 17(2), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000108
  27. Reid, J.D. and Hiser, N.R. (2005), "Detailed modelling of bolted joints with slippage", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 41, 547-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2004.10.001
  28. Sagiroglu, M. and Aydin, A.C. (2015), "Design and analysis of non-linear space frames with semi-rigid connections", Steel Compos. Struct., 18(6), 1405-1421. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.6.1405
  29. Ungkurapinan, N., Chandrakeerthy, S.R.De.S., Rajapakse, R.K.N.D. and Yue, S.B. (2003), "Joint slip in steel electric transmission towers", Eng. Struct., 25, 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(03)00003-8
  30. Xu, Y.L. and He, J. (2017), Smart Civil Structures, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
  31. Yang, F., Han, J., Yang, J. and Li, Z. (2012), "Study on the buckling behaviour of cold-formed angles in transmission towers", Int. J. Steel Struct., 11(4), 495-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-011-4008-5
  32. Yang, S.C. and Hong, H.P. (2016), "Nonlinear inelastic responses of transmission-line system under downburst wind", Eng. Struct., 123, 490-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.05.047