• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2006

Adipocyte-specific secretory factor (ADSF)/resistin, a hormone, is a small cysteine-rich protein secreted from adipose tissue and has been implicated in modulating adipogenesis in humans and rodents. The objective of this study was to clone a gene encoding ADSF/resistin and to characterize its function in Korean Native Cattle (Hanwoo). The coding sequence was 330 base pairs and it encoded a protein of 109 amino acids. An NCBI BLAST-search revealed the cloned cDNA fragment shared significant homology (82%) with the cDNA encoding the human ADSF/resistin. The nucleotide sequence homology of the Hanwoo sequence was 73% and 64% for the rat and mouse, respectively. A 654 bp ADSF/resistin gene promoter was cloned and putative binding sites of transcription factors were identified. Tissue distribution of ADSF mRNA was examined in liver, skeletal muscles (tenderloin, biceps femoris), subcutaneous fat, and perirenal fat by RT-PCR. ADSF mRNAs were detected in fat tissues but not in liver and muscles, suggesting that ADSF/resistin expression may be induced during adipogenesis. Although, the physiological function of ADSF/resistin in the cow remains to be determined, these data indicate ADSF is related to the adipocyte phenotype and may have a possibly regulatory role in adipocyte function.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2012

This study investigated the hypothesis that a sorghum extract exerts anti-diabetic effects through a mechanism that improves insulin sensitivity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-${\gamma}$) from adipose tissue. Seven C57BL/6 mice were fed an AIN-93M diet with fat consisting of 10% of total energy intake (LF) for 14 weeks, and 21 mice were fed a high-fat AIN diet with 60% of calories derived from fat (HF). From week 8, the HF diet-fed mice were orally administered either saline (HF group), 0.5% (0.5% SE group), or 1% sorghum extract (1% SE group) for 6 weeks (n = 7/group). Perirenal fat content was significantly lower in the 0.5% SE and 1% SE groups than that in the HF mice. Levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and the area under the curve for glucose were significantly lower in mice administered 0.5% SE and 1% SE than those in HF mice. Serum insulin level was significantly lower in mice administered 1% SE than that in HF mice or those given 0.5% SE. PPAR-${\gamma}$ expression was significantly higher, whereas the expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was significantly lower in mice given 1% SE compared to those in the HF mice. Adiponectin expression was also significantly higher in mice given 0.5% SE and 1% SE than that in the HF mice. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of SE may be related with the regulation of PPAR-${\gamma}$-mediated metabolism in this mouse model.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 2002

The effect of red pepper powder (RPP) or kimchi on body weight and blood and tissue lipids was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). RPP (0.006% capsaicin) diet contained 5% RPP in HFD; the kimchi diet was 10% kimchi (50% RPP by dry weight) in HFD. Food consumption of the RPP and kimchi diet groups was not different than the normal or HFD groups, but final body weights were significantly lower than the HFD group (p <0.05) after 4 weeks on the RPP or kimchi diets. The weights of liver, epididymal fat pad and perirenal fat pad in RPP and kimchi diet groups were lower than those of the HFD group, but the rats on the kimchi diet had even lower weights than those on the RPP diet. Plasma concentrations of triglyceride and cholesterol were lowest in the kimchi diet group (p<0.05). The RPP and kimchi diet groups had lower total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in liver; as well as in tissue fat prods than the HFD group, with the greatest effect being in the kimchi diet group. These results suggested that RPP and kimchi consumption can reverse the effects of HFD on weight gain and blood and tissue lipids, and that kimchi does so more effectively than RPP alone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 2005

This study was peformed to investigate effect of feeding experimental mixture containing chitosan, hibiscus extract and L-carnitine on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Forty-eight male rats(Charles River CD) of eight weeks old and weighing $336.5{\pm}2.3g$ were raised for five weeks with high fat diet(40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats weighing $560.4{\pm}5.6g$ were blocked into four groups according to body weight and raised for eight weeks with diet containing either 0.09%(+1D group), 0.9%(+10D group) or 4.5%(+50D group) of experimental mixture. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT), total protein and albumin were normal levels in plasma. Body weight gain and epididymal fat pad weight were lower in experimental mixture groups than control group However, weights of perirenal fat pad and brown adipose tissue were not significantly different among all groups. There was no significant difference in plasma and hepatic lipid levels among all groups. Liver citrate lyase and camitine acyltransferase activities were not significantly different among all groups, however, citrate lyase activity was tended to be decreased with increasing experimental mixture level in diet. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol excretions were highest in +50D group, and triglyceride excretion was highest in +1D group. in conclusion, intake of experimental mixture containing chitosan, hibiscus extract and L-camitine was effective in reducing body weight and body fat, and its inhibitory effects might lead to obesity improvement.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.435-438
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the serum lipid and cholesterol lowering effects of kimchi powder or Lactobacillus plantarum when added to fermented sausage in rats. Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were divided in three groups and administered with the following diets for 6 wk: non-fermented sausage added diets (CON), kimchi fermented sausage added diets (KIM), and Lactobacillus plantarum fermented sausage added diets (PLA). The CON has significantly (p<0.05) higher food intake, body weight gains, and final body weight than the other two groups. The body weight of KIM was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the other groups. The weights of organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, perirenal adipose tissue, and epididymal adipose tissue) were not affected by any treatments. The mean value of serum triglycerides (TG) concentration in KIM and PLA groups was not significantly different compared with CON. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein levels in serum of KIM were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of CON. The serum free cholesterol level and atherogenic index (AI) in KIM and PLA were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementations with kimchi powder fermented sausages or L. plantarum fermented sausages were effective for lowering serum lipid, cholesterol levels and atherogenic index in rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 2003

Anti-obesity effect of a new dietary supplement (3D-relax) in high-fat fed rats. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 3D-relax; a proprietary formulation containing hydroxycitrate (233 mg/g), carnitine (150 mg/g) and red pepper (150 mg/g); on body weight, body fat, and serum lipids levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male SD 7-wk-old rats (n=8) were fed a high fat diet [52% total dietary energy (E%) from fat, 15.4 E% protein, 32.6E% carbohydrate] with or without 3D-relax administration (1 g/kg body weight/day) for 3 weeks. Administration of 3D-relax significantly reduced the increase in body weight compared to the group fed high fat without 3D-relax. Food efficiency ratio (FER) tended to be decreased with administration of 3D-relax, but was not significant. The perirenal and epididymal fat pad weights of vats administered 3D-relax were significantly lower than those of the high fat group that did not ingest 3D-relax during the 3 weeks. The oral administration of 3D-relax significantly increased HDL-cholesterol level and lowered total cholesterol level compared to those of high fat alone group. These results suggest that 3D-relax reduced body weight and fat gains, and those effects are presumably linked to its inhibitory effects on lipogenesis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate effects of the experimental mixture containing soybean peptides, L-carnitine and Garcinia Cambogia extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) of eight weeks old were raised for four weeks with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats were feed control (C) diet, containing either 0.16% (+1D), 1.6% (+10D), 8% (+50D) of experimental mixture for eight weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. The Body weight gain was significantly lower in experimental mixture diet group compared to control group. Weights of perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad in the +50D group were significantly lower than those in the +1D and +10D groups. Plasma total lipid and liver total cholesterol levels in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol excretions were highest in +50D group. These results suggest that the experimental mixture containing peptides, L-carnitine and Garsinia Canbogia extract is effective for reducing the body weight and adipose tissue weight which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and the increased fecal excretion of lipid.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2006

This study demonstrates that red yeast rice exhibits radical scavenging and antihypercholesterolemic activities in rats fed cholesterol. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided to five dietary groups (normal, chol-control; and M-1, M-2 & M-3 administered 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg red yeast rice, respectively) and fed their respective diets for 4 weeks. No significant differences in food efficiency ratio (FER) were found among the five groups. The weight of perirenal fat pads decreased with increasing amounts of red yeast rice supplementation. There was a significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol in M-3 group fed red yeast rice with 500 mg/kg compared to those in the chol-control, M-1 and M-2 groups (p<0.05). Among the rats fed the cholesterol-enriched diet, all groups fed red yeast rice showed higher concentration of the HDL cholesterol, but lower concentration of the LDL cholesterol than those of the chol-control group. The scavenging activity of the methanol extract from red yeast rice was increased with increasing amounts of the extract. The glutathione content in the normal group and in the M-3 group were higher than that in the other groups. The M-3 group showed similar hepatic glutathione contents to those of the normal group. These results suggest that red yeast rice may be safe and effective for lowering serum levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, ratio of non-HDL/HDL, and severity of experimental atherosclerosis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2020

We evaluated the effect of anti-obesitic activity of MYE (mulberry leaf + Yacon tuber) extracted from Morus alba as muberry leaf and Smallanthus sonchifolia as yacon. 1%, 3%, or 5% of MYE were treated to Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a high-fat diet. MYE treated rats were suppressed weight during four weeks, and they lost weight significantly after six weeks. Common blood chemistry panels related to liver function revealed significant improvement in the MYE-treated groups. The expression of leptin as indicators for obesity was decreased in perirenal fat. Such results indicate that MYE could be a promising candidate for the improvement of obesity. In addition, MYE effected on deceased glucose metabolism, reducing the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and glucokinase related to glycogen synthesis. The fatty liver was observed in high-fat diet-treated rats, resulting from increased number of adipose cells and Ito cells. However, this pathologic change was significantly improved by administration of MYE. MYE have significant effects on antioxdative function and glycometabolism against high fat diet. Thereby, it seems that MYE prevent fatty liver by high-fat diet. Thus it is suggested that MYE would be worth being developed as an biofunctional food to prevent undesirable effects caused by obesity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1044-1053
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• 2015

This study first investigated the effects of corn gluten hydrolysate (CGH) (1.5 g/day) administration for 7 days on appetite-responsive genes in lean Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In a second set of experiments, the metabolic changes occurring at multiple time points over 8 weeks in response to CGH (35.33% wt/wt) were observed in high-fat (HF, 60% of energy as fat) diet-fed SD rats. In lean rats, the hypothalamus neuropeptide-Y and proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels of the CGH group were significantly changed in response to CGH administration. In the second part of the study, CGH treatment was found to reduce body weight and perirenal and epididymal fat weight. CGH also prevented an increase in food intake at 2 weeks and lowered plasma leptin and insulin levels in comparison with the HF group. This reduction in the plasma and hepatic lipid levels was followed by improved insulin resistance, and the beneficial metabolic effects of CGH were also partly related to increases in plasma adiponectin levels. The Homeostasis Model of Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), an index of insulin resistance, was markedly improved in the HF-CGH group compared with the HF group at 6 weeks. According to the microarray results, adipose tissue mRNA expression related to G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway and sensory perception was significantly improved after 8 weeks of CGH administration. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that dietary CGH may be effective for improving hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats as well as appetite control in lean rats.