• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.925-935
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 사업장 보건관리자의 우수한 보건관리 활동과 동기를 파악하여 추후 보건관리자의 활동에 대한 가이드를 제시하기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구는 5년 이상 동일한 사업장에 근무한 사업장 보건 관리자 21명을 대상으로 연구에 대한 동의를 얻은 후 반구조화된 설문지를 이메일로 보내 자료를 수집하였으며 응답한 내용을 질적 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 17개의 범주와 3가지 주제가 도출되었다. 도출된 주제는 보건관리자로서의 보람과 성취감, 보건관리자로서의 어려웠던 부분, 어려움은 이렇게 해결하자 이었다. 보건관리자는 근로자가 마음을 열어주고, 생활을 변화시키기며, 감사해 하며, 새로운 분야를 개척하는 것에 보람과 성취감을 느낀다고 하였다. 반면, 예측할 수 없는 건강, 조직문화의 변화, 질병을 비밀화하는 것, 보건관리자 업무가 편하다고 생각하는 사람들에 대해 어려움을 느꼈다. 이러한 어려움을 극복하는 방법으로 근로자의 마음을 읽어주고, 스스로 알게 하며, 기존 프로그램을 활용하며, 가장 어려운 사람을 내 편으로 하며, 자신의 성과를 알리는 것이 필요하다고 하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 보건관리자는 자신의 전문성을 갖추기 위하여 노력하고, 건강관리 성과를 지속적으로 알려 사업장의 정책결정자와 근로자들에게 보건관리의 중요성을 설득할 필요가 있다. 또한, 우수한 보건관리자의 성공전략을 적극적으로 벤치마킹해야 할 것이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.396-403
• /
• 2011

Ceramides (Cer) comprise the major constituent of sphingolipids in the epidermis and are known to play diverse roles in the outermost layers of the skin including water retention and provision of a physical barrier. In addition, they can be hydrolyzed into free sphingoid bases such as $C_{18}$ sphingosine (SO) and $C_{18}$ sphinganine (SA) or can be further metabolized to $C_{18}$ So-1-phosphate (S1P) and $C_{18}$ Sa-1-phosphate (Sa1P) in keratinocytes. The significance of ceramide metabolites emerged from studies reporting altered levels of SO and SA in skin disorders and the role of S1P and Sa1P as signaling lipids. However, the overall metabolism of sphingoid bases and their phosphates during keratinocyte differentiation remains not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed these Cer metabolites in the process of keratinocyte differentiation. Three distinct keratinocyte differentiation stages were prepared using 0.07 mM calcium (Ca$^{2+}$) (proliferation stage), 1.2 mM Ca$^{2+}$ (early differentiation stage) in serum-free medium, or serum-containing medium with vitamin C (50 ${\mu}L$/mL) (late differentiation stage). Serum-containing medium was also used to determine whether vitamin C increases the concentrations of sphingoid bases and their phosphates. The production of sphingoid bases and their phosphates after hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to cells treated with 0.07 mM Ca$^{2+}$, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were not altered after treatment with 1.2 mM Ca$^{2+}$. However, in keratinocytes cultured in serum-containing medium with vitamin C, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were dramatically higher than those in 0.07- and l.2-mM Ca$^{2+}$-treated cells; however, compared to serum-containing medium alone, vitamin C did not significantly enhance their production. Taken together, we demonstrate that late differentiation induced by vitamin C and serum was accompanied by dramatic increases in the concentration of sphingoid bases and their phosphates, although vitamin C alone had no effect on their production.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제10권12호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2012

Purpose - This study analyzes the effects of types of leadership on the employees of Italian restaurants, its efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior, utilizing a causal assessment model. In this study, independent variables such as the type of leadership perceived in the manager or chef by an Italian restaurant's employees, and its efficacy were parameters, and the organizational citizenship behavior and organizational effectiveness were the variables representing the results in the hypothesis. The study aimed to draw implications by verifying the leadership via efficacy and the impact on organizational citizenship behavior of Italian restaurants. Research design, data, methodology - For the purpose of this analysis, specific questionnaire items were configured according to the theory and efficacy of the study. From a questionnaire used in organizational citizenship behavior comprising 22 questions, six were modified to suit the research purpose of this study. The configured questionnaire comprised 5 parts and 40 items. A Likert (Likert) 5-point scale was utilized to measure responses to the questionnaire items from the employees of an Italian restaurant in Seoul who participated in the survey. For data collection, 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 344 collected. Factor analysis and reliability verification were conducted using SPSS18.0 and AMOS18.0. A covariance structure analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results - Based on the results of the analyses, the summary and suggested implications of the research are as follows: The covariance structure analysis used to analyze the kind of effect transformational and transactional leadership styles in Italian restaurant employees had on self-efficacy, group-efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior, indicated that among the characteristics of transformational leadership (such as, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation), idealized influence and individual consideration had a positive influence on self-efficacy. Idealized influence, individual consideration, conditional reward, and management by exception also positively influenced self-efficacy and altruistic and conscientious behavior (organizational citizenship behavior). Conclusions - Results suggest that with regard to self-efficacy and group efficacy, managers in different departments and chefs should provide team members with a vision for the future, increase their confidence in their abilities, and build their trust in the organization. By evaluating employee performance and experiences, management can demonstrate leadership and encourage organizational citizenship behavior through enjoyable, voluntary participation. Transformational and transactional leadership is effective in group processes that include social-exchange relationships, self-efficacy and group efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior. However, as this research study utilizes only self-reported data, it has several limitations, such as a vulnerability of errors caused by the various experiment types. A significant limitation of this study is the lack of potential for the duplication of results. The covariance structure analysis, however, provides complementation to limit the impact of errors from self-reporting studies. A future study can extend this research by utilizing different data collection methods.

• 산학경영연구
• /
• 제16권
• /
• pp.23-42
• /
• 2003

최근 세정환경의 변화로 납세자에 대한 서비스의 제공 등 많은 개혁을 시행하고 있으나 합리적이고 효율적인 세정을 위한 개혁조치는 납세자와 직접적으로 접촉하는 세무조사가 중심이 되며 이에 부합되는 공정하고 투명한 세무조사가 이루어지려면 세무조사와 관련한 제반절차의 합법성과 세무공무원의 전문성 및 투명성이 선행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 효율적이고 합리적인 세무행정을 위하여 세무조사에 대한 선행연구와 각종 참고문헌을 통해 세무조사의 이론적 측면과 주요 국가의 세무조사제도 및 우리나라 세무조사세도의 개선방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 세무조사대상자 선정에 있어서 선정위원회(가칭)와 외부인사 등을 참여하는 제도를 법제화하여 객관성 있는 선정제도의 틀을 마련하여야 할 것이다. 또한 매년 초 공개한 선정기준에 의해 엄중한 세무조사를 실시하고, 연중 실시한 세무조사 결과 자료를 공개하고 피드백 시켜 익년 세무조사선정기준을 정하는데 활용하도록 한다. 둘째, 세무조사평가방법에서는 조사실적에 대한 통제제도의 개선, 정기조사 심사분석 개선, 평가제외 규정을 확대함으로써 세무조사요원들이 실적에 부담을 갖지 않고 정확하고 공정한 세무조사를 할 수 있게 하여야 한다. 세무조사 대상자 선정위원회에서 세무조사대상자를 선정하는 명확한 규정을 법제화함으로써 세무조사에 대한 인식이 바뀌게 될 것이고, 세무조사를 시행하는데 실적위주의 부담이 줄어들게 되면 조사위원들은 보다 편한 마음에서 정확한 세무조사를 시행할 수 있게 될 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.603-609
• /
• 2003

This study examined the reproducibility of nutrient intakes estimated by the 24-hour recall method in a prospective cohort study (Longitudinal study of aging and health monitoring of Korean elderly) of middle-aged volunteer subjects (42 males and 49 females) in the Seoul area. The three-day 24-hour recall was administered twice at an interval of approximately 6 months. The first data were collected and a corrective procedure was performed by interviewing of the subjects and a trained dietitian. The second data were collected by mail from the subjects without the performance of any corrective procedure. The mean age of the subjects was 53.5 $\pm$ 9.6 for the males and 52.2 $\pm$ 8.9 for the females. The subjects who had above college education were 95% in the case of the males and 60% in the case of the females. The characteristics of the male subjects in this study were that they were highly educated and held professional jobs and were from the middle or upper class. Comparing the first and second 24-hour recall data, the second data showed relatively lower intakes of all nutrients, except vitamin A, vitamin Bi and cholesterol. There was no difference in the nutrients of the first and the second data with respect to vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$ and cholesterol in the males and calcium, iron, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$ and cholesterol in the females. This data may indicate that the 24 hour retail method without a dietitian's help may result in lower reporting of the subject's intakes. The men had a tendency to remember less than the women. Pearson's correlation coefficients with unadjusted nutrient intakes values were ranged from 0.24 to 0.66. When energy intake was adjusted, there was a slight increase (from 0.26 to 0.71). Intra-class correlation coefficients with nutrient-unadjusted values ranged from 0.22 to 0.66, and the energy-adjusted values were ranged from 0.23 to 0.69. The weighted Kappa statistical values ranged from 0.10 to 0.40. On the average,46.3% of the subjects who were found in the lowest quartile of the nutrient intake levels based on the first 24-hour recall, were in the lowest quartile based on the second 24-hour recall. Therefore, there was a low reproducibility between the first and the second 24-hour recall. We should examine the factors influencing low reproducibility. Also, strategies should be developed to maximize the reliability of the assessment, with regard to portion-size training and telephone validation. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 603∼609, 2003)

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 유방종괴에서 횡탄성 초음파검사(SWE)의 진단 수행도를 알아보고, 조직검사 결과와 SWE에서 얻어지는 강성도와 비교하고자 하였다. 진단적 유방 초음파와 SWE를 2017년 6월부터 2017년 9월까지 유방 초음파 검사 상 종괴가 발견된 환자 157명을 대상으로 하였다. 157명의 병리학적 결과는 양성 92명(나이, $44.54{\pm}11.84$), 악성 65명(나이, $51.55{\pm}10.54$)으로 나타났다. 진단적 유방 초음파의 유방영상보고데이터체계(BI-RADS)에 따른 최종 평가, 조직검사 결과, 정량적 SWE 결과를 구하고 서로 비교하였다. 정량적 SWE 수치와 병리학적 결과에서 진단 특이도는 평균탄성값(Emean)에서 83.70%로 가장 높게 나왔으며, 민감도는 최소탄성값(Emin)에서 89.23%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 정량적 SWE값과 조직검사결과와는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.(p=0.000) 악성병변에서 최적의 절사값(cut-off value)은 민감도, 특이도가 높은 최대탄성값(Emax), 평균탄성값(Emean)에서 66.3 kPa, 63.7 kPa로 나타났으며 이는 다른 SWE 측정 수치들과 비교했을 때 가장 높은 진단 곡선 하 면적(area under the curve; AUC)값을 보였다.(p=0.000) 유방종괴에서 기존의 초음파에서 SWE를 추가적으로 시행하는 것은 진단 특이도를 높이고 불필요한 조직검사를 줄일 수 있다. 따라서 상기 분석법 및 기기를 이용하여 유방종괴를 분석하는 데에 도움을 받을 수 있게 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2006

Residual materials such as veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants, and pesticides are affecting food safety. High resolution techniques and quality controls are needed to analyze these materials from part per million to part per trillion quantities in food. In order to achieve quality results, standardized methods and techniques are required. Our laboratories were prepared to obtain a certificate of accreditation for ISO/IEC 17025 in the analytical criteria of animal drugs, dioxins, pesticides, and heavy metals. ISO together with IEC has built a strategic partnership with the World Trade Organization with the common goal of promoting a free and fair global trading system. ISO collaborates with the United Nations Organization and its specialized agencies and commissions, particularly those involved in the harmonization of regulations and public policies including the World Health Organization and CODEX Alimentarius for food safety measurement, management and traceability. Our goal was to have high quality analysts, proper analytical methods, good laboratory facilities, and safety systems within guidelines of ISO/IEC 17025. All staff members took requirement exams. We applied proficiency tests in the analysis of veterinary drugs (nitrofuran metabolites, sulfonamide and tetracyclines), dioxins, organophosphorus pesticides, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) to the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) at Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), England. The results were very satisfactory. All documents were prepared, including system management, laboratory management, standard operational procedures for testing, reporting, and more. The criteria encompassed the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:1999. Finally, the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) accredited our testing laboratories in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the National Standards Act. The accreditation will give us the benefit of becoming a regional reference laboratory in Asia.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2015

기업지배구조가 우수하면 기업경영자의 감시역할을 하고 대리비용과 정보비대칭을 감소시킨다. 기업지배구조점수가 높을수록 기업 내부통제시스템과 재무보고 체계가 잘 갖추어져 있으므로 기업 경영이 활성화되고 기업성과가 높아지므로 신용재무평점이 높아질 것이다. 이러한 전제하에 가설을 설정하고 본 연구는 기업지배구조(CGI)가 신용재무평점(CFR)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 실증 연구하였다. 연구결과, 기업지배구조(CGI)와 신용재무평점의 관련성은 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다, 회귀계수부호는 기대부호인 양(+)이 값이 나타났다. 이러한 결과 기업지배구조(CGI)가 우수할수록 신용재무평점의 점수가 커질 것이라는 예측과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 CGI가 우수할수록 신용재무평점이 커진다는 것이다. 본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임, 건전한 지배구조와 감시기구를 갖춘 기업이 보다 높은 신용등급을 받을 수 있다는 유용한 지침을 실무 및 연구 분야에 제공해 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.55-69
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the prehospital care report prepared by EMS squads of 119 center in Gyeonggi area and to identify the status of prehospital care activities, problems and improvement possibilities of the emergency care. Method : Five hundred copies of prehospital care report prepared by EMS squads in thirty-eight 119 centers under 18 fire stations in Gyeonggi area from March to April in 2008 were randomly chosen for the analysis. Data abstracted according to the purpose of the study were input and the analysis of prehospital care activities were performed using SPSS-WIN(ver. 16) statistics package. Results : 1. Total 500 cases of prehospital emergency care activities were reviewed. By sex, females were 219 (43.8%) and males were 281 (56.2%). The places of reporting were home (57.8%). According to the type of emergency, 281 cases (56.2%) were caused by disease and 291 (43.8%) were from other causes such as traffic accidents or incidental injuries. 2 The average time needed for the 119 EMS squad to arrive at the scene after being reported was 7.29 minutes. The time used at the scene for the emergency care was 7.3 minutes in average and the time to arrive at the hospital was 25.4 minutes in average. 3. In patient evaluation, in 68% of the cases more than two vital signs were measured at one time and emergency patients were 31%, and non-emergency patients were 69%. 4. In one EMS activity, average 2.15 cases of emergency care were provided to a patient. The cases where two kinds of emergency care were given were 14.4%, which is the most frequent cases. When reviewing the details of the emergency cares given to the patient including multiple cares, trivial cards (taking it easy and giving comfort) were the most frequent one as 40.6% and the medical direction of the doctor was given in only one case out of 500 cases. 5. In patient evaluation and emergency care, vital signs were provided to emergency patients at significantly higher rate comparing to the non-emergency patients. The number of emergency care performance was significantly higher in emergency cases. In emergency dispatch, the cases that EMT (1st class) was on board was 86.2%. When comparing the cases when the 1st class EMT was on board and otherwise, the cases with the presence of 1st class EMT showed more vital signs were detected but there was no significant difference in the number of emergency cares provided. Conclusion : It seemed that the on-scene emergency care did not satisfy the expectations. So it is necessary to enforce the cooperation between the elements, the qualifications of the 119 EMS squads and to improve the prehospital working environment in order to provide the better medical service at any time.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 2016

소방서, 스쿠버 등 공기호흡기 용기 충전시설의 고압가스안전관리법에 따른 허가 또는 신고를 하지 않고 운영하고 있으며, 시설개선 및 공기호흡기 충전중 사고발생에 따른 안전관리가 필요하다. 정부에서는 불법운영 해소를 위해 노력하고 있으며, 고압으로 인한 위험으로부터 안전거리와 방호벽 설치와 동등이상의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 방법으로 안전충전함을 설치하여 운용하는 방법을 대안으로 제시하였다. 방호벽 설치기준을 갈음할 수 있는 안전충전함은 용기파열 시 순간 과압이 원만하게 분산될 수 있는 내부구조를 가져야 하며, 파편이 분산하는 것을 최소화 하고 모든 파편의 외부 비산을 방지하고, 외부로 방출되는 과압이 작업자가 위치하지 않은 곳(상부 및 하부)으로 분출되도록 하여 방호벽의 성능을 갖추도록 하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 압축공기의 물리적 폭발에 따른 피해 영향을 계산하고, 실제 충전함 시제품을 제작하여 시험용 용기를 가스로 파열시키는 파열시험으로 안전충전함의 외함변화를 관찰 한 결과, 공기 배출구조설계 등을 통하여 안전충전함 내부의 과압을 해소할 수 있음을 확인 하였다.