• Title/Summary/Keyword: Perceptron Neural Network

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Vehicle Color Recognition Using Neural-Network (신경회로망을 이용한 차량의 색상 인식)

  • Kim, Tae-hyung;Lee, Jung-hwa;Cha, Eui-young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2009.10a
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    • pp.731-734
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we propose the method the vehicle color recognizing in the image including a vehicle. In an image, the color feature vector of a vehicle is extracted and by using the backpropagation learning algorithm, that is the multi-layer perceptron, the recognized vehicle color. By using the RGB and HSI color model the feature vector used as the input of the backpropagation learning algorithm is the feature of the color used as the input of the neural network. The color of a vehicle recognizes as the white, the silver color, the black, the red, the yellow, the blue, and the green among the color of the vehicle most very much found out as 7 colors. By using the image including a vehicle for the performance evaluation of the method proposing, the color recognition performance was experimented.

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Neural network analysis using neuralnet in R (R의 neuralnet을 활용한 신경망분석)

  • Baik, Jaiwook
    • Industry Promotion Research
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2021
  • We investigated multi-layer perceptrons and supervised learning algorithms, and also examined how to model functional relationships between covariates and response variables using a package called neuralnet. The algorithm applied in this paper is characterized by continuous adjustment of the weights, which are parameters to minimize the error function based on the comparison between the actual and predicted values of the response variable. In the neuralnet package, the activation and error functions can be appropriately selected according to the given situation, and the remaining parameters can be set as default values. As a result of using the neuralnet package for the infertility data, we found that age has little influence on infertility among the four independent variables. In addition, the weight of the neural network takes various values from -751.6 to 7.25, and the intercepts of the first hidden layer are -92.6 and 7.25, and the weights for the covariates age, parity, induced, and spontaneous to the first hidden neuron are identified as 3.17, -5.20, -36.82, and -751.6.

Optimal Algorithm and Number of Neurons in Deep Learning (딥러닝 학습에서 최적의 알고리즘과 뉴론수 탐색)

  • Jang, Ha-Young;You, Eun-Kyung;Kim, Hyeock-Jin
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.389-396
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    • 2022
  • Deep Learning is based on a perceptron, and is currently being used in various fields such as image recognition, voice recognition, object detection, and drug development. Accordingly, a variety of learning algorithms have been proposed, and the number of neurons constituting a neural network varies greatly among researchers. This study analyzed the learning characteristics according to the number of neurons of the currently used SGD, momentum methods, AdaGrad, RMSProp, and Adam methods. To this end, a neural network was constructed with one input layer, three hidden layers, and one output layer. ReLU was applied to the activation function, cross entropy error (CEE) was applied to the loss function, and MNIST was used for the experimental dataset. As a result, it was concluded that the number of neurons 100-300, the algorithm Adam, and the number of learning (iteraction) 200 would be the most efficient in deep learning learning. This study will provide implications for the algorithm to be developed and the reference value of the number of neurons given new learning data in the future.

Feasibility of Deep Learning Algorithms for Binary Classification Problems (이진 분류문제에서의 딥러닝 알고리즘의 활용 가능성 평가)

  • Kim, Kitae;Lee, Bomi;Kim, Jong Woo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.95-108
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    • 2017
  • Recently, AlphaGo which is Bakuk (Go) artificial intelligence program by Google DeepMind, had a huge victory against Lee Sedol. Many people thought that machines would not be able to win a man in Go games because the number of paths to make a one move is more than the number of atoms in the universe unlike chess, but the result was the opposite to what people predicted. After the match, artificial intelligence technology was focused as a core technology of the fourth industrial revolution and attracted attentions from various application domains. Especially, deep learning technique have been attracted as a core artificial intelligence technology used in the AlphaGo algorithm. The deep learning technique is already being applied to many problems. Especially, it shows good performance in image recognition field. In addition, it shows good performance in high dimensional data area such as voice, image and natural language, which was difficult to get good performance using existing machine learning techniques. However, in contrast, it is difficult to find deep leaning researches on traditional business data and structured data analysis. In this study, we tried to find out whether the deep learning techniques have been studied so far can be used not only for the recognition of high dimensional data but also for the binary classification problem of traditional business data analysis such as customer churn analysis, marketing response prediction, and default prediction. And we compare the performance of the deep learning techniques with that of traditional artificial neural network models. The experimental data in the paper is the telemarketing response data of a bank in Portugal. It has input variables such as age, occupation, loan status, and the number of previous telemarketing and has a binary target variable that records whether the customer intends to open an account or not. In this study, to evaluate the possibility of utilization of deep learning algorithms and techniques in binary classification problem, we compared the performance of various models using CNN, LSTM algorithm and dropout, which are widely used algorithms and techniques in deep learning, with that of MLP models which is a traditional artificial neural network model. However, since all the network design alternatives can not be tested due to the nature of the artificial neural network, the experiment was conducted based on restricted settings on the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons in the hidden layer, the number of output data (filters), and the application conditions of the dropout technique. The F1 Score was used to evaluate the performance of models to show how well the models work to classify the interesting class instead of the overall accuracy. The detail methods for applying each deep learning technique in the experiment is as follows. The CNN algorithm is a method that reads adjacent values from a specific value and recognizes the features, but it does not matter how close the distance of each business data field is because each field is usually independent. In this experiment, we set the filter size of the CNN algorithm as the number of fields to learn the whole characteristics of the data at once, and added a hidden layer to make decision based on the additional features. For the model having two LSTM layers, the input direction of the second layer is put in reversed position with first layer in order to reduce the influence from the position of each field. In the case of the dropout technique, we set the neurons to disappear with a probability of 0.5 for each hidden layer. The experimental results show that the predicted model with the highest F1 score was the CNN model using the dropout technique, and the next best model was the MLP model with two hidden layers using the dropout technique. In this study, we were able to get some findings as the experiment had proceeded. First, models using dropout techniques have a slightly more conservative prediction than those without dropout techniques, and it generally shows better performance in classification. Second, CNN models show better classification performance than MLP models. This is interesting because it has shown good performance in binary classification problems which it rarely have been applied to, as well as in the fields where it's effectiveness has been proven. Third, the LSTM algorithm seems to be unsuitable for binary classification problems because the training time is too long compared to the performance improvement. From these results, we can confirm that some of the deep learning algorithms can be applied to solve business binary classification problems.

A Prediction of N-value Using Artificial Neural Network (인공신경망을 이용한 N치 예측)

  • Kim, Kwang Myung;Park, Hyoung June;Goo, Tae Hun;Kim, Hyung Chan
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.457-468
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    • 2020
  • Problems arising during pile design works for plant construction, civil and architecture work are mostly come from uncertainty of geotechnical characteristics. In particular, obtaining the N-value measured through the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is the most important data. However, it is difficult to obtain N-value by drilling investigation throughout the all target area. There are many constraints such as licensing, time, cost, equipment access and residential complaints etc. it is impossible to obtain geotechnical characteristics through drilling investigation within a short bidding period in overseas. The geotechnical characteristics at non-drilling investigation points are usually determined by the engineer's empirical judgment, which can leads to errors in pile design and quantity calculation causing construction delay and cost increase. It would be possible to overcome this problem if N-value could be predicted at the non-drilling investigation points using limited minimum drilling investigation data. This study was conducted to predicted the N-value using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which one of the Artificial intelligence (AI) method. An Artificial Neural Network treats a limited amount of geotechnical characteristics as a biological logic process, providing more reliable results for input variables. The purpose of this study is to predict N-value at the non-drilling investigation points through patterns which is studied by multi-layer perceptron and error back-propagation algorithms using the minimum geotechnical data. It has been reviewed the reliability of the values that predicted by AI method compared to the measured values, and we were able to confirm the high reliability as a result. To solving geotechnical uncertainty, we will perform sensitivity analysis of input variables to increase learning effect in next steps and it may need some technical update of program. We hope that our study will be helpful to design works in the future.

A Personal Video Event Classification Method based on Multi-Modalities by DNN-Learning (DNN 학습을 이용한 퍼스널 비디오 시퀀스의 멀티 모달 기반 이벤트 분류 방법)

  • Lee, Yu Jin;Nang, Jongho
    • Journal of KIISE
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    • v.43 no.11
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    • pp.1281-1297
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    • 2016
  • In recent years, personal videos have seen a tremendous growth due to the substantial increase in the use of smart devices and networking services in which users create and share video content easily without many restrictions. However, taking both into account would significantly improve event detection performance because videos generally have multiple modalities and the frame data in video varies at different time points. This paper proposes an event detection method. In this method, high-level features are first extracted from multiple modalities in the videos, and the features are rearranged according to time sequence. Then the association of the modalities is learned by means of DNN to produce a personal video event detector. In our proposed method, audio and image data are first synchronized and then extracted. Then, the result is input into GoogLeNet as well as Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) to extract high-level features. The results are then re-arranged in time sequence, and every video is processed to extract one feature each for training by means of DNN.

Context-adaptive Phoneme Segmentation for a TTS Database (문자-음성 합성기의 데이터 베이스를 위한 문맥 적응 음소 분할)

  • 이기승;김정수
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.135-144
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    • 2003
  • A method for the automatic segmentation of speech signals is described. The method is dedicated to the construction of a large database for a Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis system. The main issue of the work involves the refinement of an initial estimation of phone boundaries which are provided by an alignment, based on a Hidden Market Model(HMM). Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) was used as a phone boundary detector. To increase the performance of segmentation, a technique which individually trains an MLP according to phonetic transition is proposed. The optimum partitioning of the entire phonetic transition space is constructed from the standpoint of minimizing the overall deviation from hand labelling positions. With single speaker stimuli, the experimental results showed that more than 95% of all phone boundaries have a boundary deviation from the reference position smaller than 20 ms, and the refinement of the boundaries reduces the root mean square error by about 25%.

Gaze Detection by Computing Facial Rotation and Translation (얼굴의 회전 및 이동 분석에 의한 응시 위치 파악)

  • Lee, Jeong-Jun;Park, Kang-Ryoung;Kim, Jai-Hie
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.535-543
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, we propose a new gaze detection method using 2-D facial images captured by a camera on top of the monitor. We consider only the facial rotation and translation and not the eyes' movements. The proposed method computes the gaze point caused by the facial rotation and the amount of the facial translation respectively, and by combining these two the final gaze point on a monitor screen can be obtained. We detected the gaze point caused by the facial rotation by using a neural network(a multi-layered perceptron) whose inputs are the 2-D geometric changes of the facial features' points and estimated the amount of the facial translation by image processing algorithms in real time. Experimental results show that the gaze point detection accuracy between the computed positions and the real ones is about 2.11 inches in RMS error when the distance between the user and a 19-inch monitor is about 50~70cm. The processing time is about 0.7 second with a Pentium PC(233MHz) and 320${\times}$240 pixel-size images.

Water consumption prediction based on machine learning methods and public data

  • Kesornsit, Witwisit;Sirisathitkul, Yaowarat
    • Advances in Computational Design
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.113-128
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    • 2022
  • Water consumption is strongly affected by numerous factors, such as population, climatic, geographic, and socio-economic factors. Therefore, the implementation of a reliable predictive model of water consumption pattern is challenging task. This study investigates the performance of predictive models based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP), multiple linear regression (MLR), and support vector regression (SVR). To understand the significant factors affecting water consumption, the stepwise regression (SW) procedure is used in MLR to obtain suitable variables. Then, this study also implements three predictive models based on these significant variables (e.g., SWMLR, SWMLP, and SWSVR). Annual data of water consumption in Thailand during 2006 - 2015 were compiled and categorized by provinces and distributors. By comparing the predictive performance of models with all variables, the results demonstrate that the MLP models outperformed the MLR and SVR models. As compared to the models with selected variables, the predictive capability of SWMLP was superior to SWMLR and SWSVR. Therefore, the SWMLP still provided satisfactory results with the minimum number of explanatory variables which in turn reduced the computation time and other resources required while performing the predictive task. It can be concluded that the MLP exhibited the best result and can be utilized as a reliable water demand predictive model for both of all variables and selected variables cases. These findings support important implications and serve as a feasible water consumption predictive model and can be used for water resources management to produce sufficient tap water to meet the demand in each province of Thailand.

Design Method for an MLP Neural Network Which Minimizes the Effect by the Quantization of the Weights and the Neuron Outputs (가중치 뉴런 출력의 양자화 영향을 최소화하는 다층퍼셉트론 신경망 설계 방법)

  • Gwon, O-Jun;Bang, Seung-Yang
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.26 no.12
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    • pp.1383-1392
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    • 1999
  • 이미 학습된 다층퍼셉트론 신경망을 디지털 VLSI 기술을 사용하여 하드웨어로 구현할 경우 신경망의 가중치 및 뉴런 출력들을 양자화해야 하는 문제가 발생한다. 이러한 신경망 변수들의 양자화는 결과적으로 주어진 입력에 대한 신경망의 최종 출력에서의 왜곡을 초래한다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 이러한 양자화로 인한 신경망 출력에서의 왜곡을 통계적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면 입력패턴 각 성분의 제곱들의 합과 가중치의 크기들이 양자화 영향에 주로 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과를 이용하여 양자화를 위한 정밀도가 주어졌을 때, 양자화 영향이 최소화된 다층퍼셉트론 신경망을 설계하는 방법을 제시하였다. 그리고 제안된 방법에 의해 얻은 신경망과 오류역전파 학습방법에 의하여 얻은 신경망의 성능을 비교함으로써 제안된 방법의 효율성을 입증하였다. 실험결과는 낮은 양자화 정밀도에서도 제안된 방법이 더 좋은 성능을 보였다.Abstract When we implement a multilayer perceptron with the digital VLSI technology, we generally have to quantize the weights and the neuron outputs. These quantizations eventually cause distortion in the output of the network for a given input. In this paper first we made a statistical analysis about the effect caused by the quantization on the output of the network. The analysis revealed that the sum of the squared input components and the sizes of the weights are the major factors which contribute to the quantization effect. We present a design method for an MLP which minimizes the quantization effect when the precision of the quantization is given. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we developed a network by our method and compared it with the one developed by the regular backpropagation. We could confirm that the network developed by our method performs better even with a low precision of the quantization.