• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.73-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to observe how Korean learners of English perceive a weak syllable in words with WS syllable pattern. According to the automated discrimination task using E-Prime, the proportion of right answer and reaction time of the stimuli with same word pairs (a-a, b-b) was more and faster respectively than that with different word pairs (a-b, b-a). Specifically, in a-b or b-a stimuli structure, familiarity(word frequency) of stressed word succeeding weak syllable and whether the weak syllable had coda in it was two important factors in distinguishing between a word with and without weak syllable. Even though the high English proficiency Koreans had faster reaction time than the low English proficiency Koreans, all Korean learners somewhat had difficulty perceiving the weak syllable at the beginning of the word.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.406-416
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• 2023

Alarm system performance is a critical aspect of safety. While existing research has extensively examined the influence of acoustic attributes on alarm performance, consonance's impact remains largely uncharted territory. This study bridges this research gap by investigating the effect of consonance on alarm systems. We extend our investigation to encompass not only the sound characteristics of the alarm but also the acoustic qualities of the surrounding environment, recognizing their potential impact on alarm efficacy. Prior studies consistently link consonance to annoyance levels, resulting in a negative user experience. Thus, we explore the relationship between consonance and alarm system performance, with a particular focus on modulating annoyance as an explanatory factor. Utilizing an oddball paradigm, we categorized standard and oddball sounds into consonant and dissonant types, creating four sound combinations. Participants were asked to respond to the irregularly presented oddball sounds while ignoring the constantly presented standard sounds. Our results reveal significant differences between groups, with the Standard Consonant/Oddball Dissonant (SC/OD) group displaying notably slower response times than the Standard Dissonant/Oddball Consonant (SD/OC) group. This reaction time variation aligns with differences in annoyance levels, as the SC/OD group reports higher annoyance, suggesting that reaction time discrepancies may be linked to increased arousal due to heightened annoyance.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2008

Presently, pedestrian's signal time models in korea are not considering Vulnerable-Pedestrian. So, the safety of Vulnerable-Pedestrian is being threatener and the number of accidents is increasing. Besides, the existing operational system for pedestrians can't offer the cross signal time in road corresponded the changing environment when the school zone is revitalized and the Silver zone is introduced for Vulnerable-Pedestrian. Conclusively, Vulnerable-Pedestrian's signal time models which are able to consider classified Vulnerable-Pedestrian speed, Vulnerable-Pedestrian perception-reaction time, Vulnerable-Pedestrian Spare(congestion-delay) time are suggested by the result of experiment in virtual crosswalk. the application of suggested models in this study to the site. It is possible to use as a basic stuff on study of pedestrian's signal time and expected to contribute the safety and mobility in future.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2013

Using a target detection task, this study compared the processing automaticity of phonemes and features in spoken syllable stimuli to determine the primitive representation in speech perception, phoneme or distinctive feature. For this, we modified the visual search task(Treisman et al., 1992) developed to investigate the processing of visual features(ex. color, shape or their conjunction) for auditory stimuli. In our task, the distinctive features(ex. aspiration or coronal) corresponded to visual primitive features(ex. color and shape), and the phonemes(ex. /$t^h$/) to visual conjunctive features(ex. colored shapes). The automaticity is measured by the set size effect that was the increasing amount of reaction time when the number of distracters increased. Three experiments were conducted. The laryngeal features(experiment 1), the manner features(experiment 2), and the place features(experiment 3) were compared with phonemes. The results showed that the distinctive features are consistently processed faster and automatically than the phonemes. Additionally there were differences in the processing automaticity among the classes of distinctive features. The laryngeal features are the most automatic, the manner features are moderately automatic and the place features are the least automatic. These results are consistent with the previous studies(Bae et al., 2002; Bae, 2010) that showed the perceptual hierarchy of distinctive features.

• 감성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

자동차의 운전은 지각, 의사결정, 운동능력 등 다양한 능력을 필요로 하는 복잡한 행동의 연속이고, 지속적인 고도의 의식집중이나 외부자극에 대한 긴장감이 유발되므로 운전자는 피로를 느끼게 되며, 이러한 피로는 교통사고의 원인이 되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 복잡한 도시생활, 교통체증, 직업적인 특성 등에 의하여 운전자가 차량 내에서 보내는 시간은 증가하고 있고, 그에 따른 피로나 스트레스를 피할 수 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 산소공급에 의한 운전 중 피로경감의 가능성을 알아 보기 위하여 주관적인 평가 및 반응시간 테스트를 통하여 각각 다른 산소농도를 공급할 때의 주행시간 경과에 따른 운전 피로감을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 주관적 피로감은 저농도(18%)의 산소조건에서 가장 피로를 많이 느끼고 고농도(30%)의 산소조건에서의 피로감은 상대적으로 감소하였다. 졸림감도 1시간 이상 주행시간이 경과된 경우에 고농도 산소조건에서 상대적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 주행 2시간 후에 급정거의 지시로부터 브레이크에 반응하는 시간은 저농도의 산소조건에 비하여 고농도의 산소조건에서 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 자동차 운전 중에 산소농도가 저하되면 현저하게 피로를 느끼게 되고, 고농도의 산소를 공급하는 경우는 상대적으로 피로감이 저하되며 반응시간이 단축되는 것으로 나타나, 산소공급에 의하여 운전자의 피로가 경감될 수 있다고 시사되었다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.463-479
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• 2012

암묵적 연합검사는 연구참가자의 내면적인 태도를 측정하고, 미래의 행동을 예측하는데 효과적인 방법으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 암묵적 연합검사를 토대로 한 개인의 창의성에 대한 무의식적인 부정적 태도가 창의적인 과정에 유리하다고 알려져 있는 전체지각과 어떤 관계에 있는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 실험에서는 대학생 참가자에게 창의성/실용성과 긍정/부정단어들을 각각 짝지어 제시한 후, 창의성-긍정단어에 대한 반응시간과 창의성-부정단어에 대한 반응시간의 차이를 통해 암묵적 태도를 측정했다. 그 이후 참가자들은 전체유형 혹은 부분유형으로 나타나는 글자에 대해 신속하게 반응하는 네이본 과제를 수행했다. 그 결과, 창의성에 대한 암묵적 편견이 적은 참가자집단에서 전체지각의 반응시간이 부분지각의 반응시간보다 더 빠르게 나타났으며, 전체지각의 이득이 나타났다. 반면 창의성에 대한 암묵적인 편견이 높은 참가자집단에서는 전체지각과 부분지각의 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으며, 전체지각의 이득이 사라졌다. 이 결과는 한 개인이 갖고 있는 창의성에 대한 암묵적 편견은 자신의 창의적 과정과 부적 관계에 있음을 보여주며, 창의성의 예측에서 암묵적인 태도 측정의 중요성을 시사한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2001

child relationships and school life through the in-depths interview with victims who have been victimized by peers for more than two years. For the selection of subjects, we administered questionnaires at three different times throughout a year. At both Time 1(July in 1998) and Time 2(December in 1998), 354 2nd grade junior high school students(169 boys and 185 girls) completed two kinds of questionnaires. And at Time 3(July in 1999), the subjects responded the questionnaires once more. Then 10 victims who has been victimized through Time 1, 2, and 3 were selected and interviewed. The victims were victimized for more than two years. Boys were more overt victimized, whereas girls were more related victimized. The victims were divided into four types by perception and reaction of victimization: (i) Passive victims who were afraid of and shrink from victimization, (ii) Aggressive victims who perceived seriously and reacted inappropriate aggression, (iii) Simple-minded victims who did not perceived seriously and reacted unconcernedly, and (iv) Ignorant victims who did not perceived seriously and reacted ignorant. The victims had been punitive frequently by parents at home. Also, they had no friends and teachers who supported for them in school.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.739-747
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• 2011

Objective: The present study evaluated information presentation methods applicable to a wearable Braille display in terms of performance and satisfaction measures. Background: A Braille display wearable at a finger can improve accessibility of information for the blind by presenting information in real time. Method: A Braille display with six pins operated by DC servomotors was developed to simulate four information presentation methods(active, stationary, simultaneous, and sequential methods). An evaluation experiment was conducted with 16 participants(8 normal and 8 blind participants) by using three objective measures(reaction time, RT, unit: sec; recognition time, CT, unit: sec; correct response percentage, CP) and two subjective measures(overall satisfaction, OS; perception easiness, PE) with a 7-point scale. Results: The average RTs and CTs of the active and stationary methods were significantly shorter than those of the simultaneous and sequential methods for the blind participants. Also, the average CPs, OSs, and PEs of the active and sequential methods were significantly higher than those of the stationary and simultaneous methods. Conclusion: The active and sequential methods were preferred to the other methods for the blind. Application: The performance characteristics identified in the present study for the four braille display methods can be utilized to develop an effective wearable Braille display system.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between conceptual metaphors of affect and physical dimensions. Background: The evidence that affect is unconsciously linked to physical dimensions(e.g., position and color) has been obtained in western cultures. However, in eastern cultures, especially, in Korea, it has been seldom tested. It is indispensable to examine whether or not cultural differences exist for better understanding of the conceptual metaphors. Method: 50 positive and 50 negative words were adopted from previous studies in order to determine the relationship between physical domains and abstract affect. Three hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) Good is up. (2) Good is bright. (3) Good is right(for right-handers). The automatic association between valence(positive vs. negative) and vertical position (up vs. down) was investigated in experiment 1, in which 100 words were randomly presented on either the top or the bottom of a LCD screen and the evaluation time of the presented word was recorded. The unconscious association between valence and color(white and black) was examined in experiment 2, where each word was randomly presented in either white or black. Lastly, we tested whether right-handers tend to associate rightward space with positive ideas and leftward space with negative ideas. Results: Reaction time was faster when words were presented in metaphor congruent domains(e.g., 'positive words on the top, in bright color, and on right space vs. negative words on the bottom, in dark color, and on left region) than when they were shown in metaphor incongruent domains. Conclusion: The results might give the groundwork for various directions in further understanding perception, emotion, and behavior. Application: This study may provide useful points to GUI designers and service developers if further studies enhanced in validity and reliability are followed.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2010

This study will examine the current condition of outdoor play in child care centers and the overall perception of teachers on outdoor play in regards to its related programs and children's reaction to them. Through examining such issues, this study will provide the basic data that can be applied in planning appropriate outdoor play activities, programs and environments. For the study, we surveyed teachers and directors of child care centers using a structured questionnaire. The objects of the survey were 22 child care centers in Daejeon and Seoul, who agreed to conduct the survey. The survey was conducted from August 1 to September 30 2006; 220 copies were distributed, and 188 copies were collected. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) The number of outdoor plays per week were on average 1~2 in most cases, although teachers believed the play should be done everyday. Outdoor play time was mostly 21~30 minutes, while teachers thought 31~40 minutes as appropriate. Children's reaction scored the highest when they played outdoors for 30 minutes every day with their teachers involved in the play. As a result, we have concluded that the appropriate outdoor play should be conducted everyday for 30~40 minutes. 2) Outdoor play was mostly conducted as part of the overall educational plan rather than a separate plan. Since outdoor play affects children's development as much as indoor play, there is a need for development of a specific and separate plan for various outdoor play programs. 3) The outdoor play program that was most often conducted was equipment play and sand play. This indicated the monolithic nature of the outdoor program. Given the fact that children enjoy outdoor plays a lot (M=4.71), various programs including adventure play, sensitive play, and carpenter play should be developed. 4) In outdoor play, the teacher's role included supervising and interacting with children. According to the survey, teachers had a good understanding of the importance on safety and supervising issues in outdoor plays. However they seemed to overlook the importance of having better programs and improving teacher's participation to the play. Despite the importance of outdoor play to children's development, the result shows that teachers have tendencies to limit and obstruct outdoor plays by emphasizing supervising and safety issues instead. 5) Children's safety should not be the only consideration for outdoor plays; teachers ought to better understand that children's development can be maximized by the play. Furthermore, there should be emphasis placed on the program development and teacher's participation; teacher's participation should actively encourage the interactions between a child and a teacher, as well as among children.