• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2013

Since American Airlines's mileage program emerged in market, loyalty programs have gained popularity. Many companies have generated many kinds of reward cards in order to induce precious consumers. As a result, reward cards are very important in consumer goods market and become diversified. In spite of its importance, little is known about how these cards influence consumer's perception. The prior research has not focused on reward card types and psychological variables. Accordingly this research intends to investigate psychological variables such as transaction coupling and sunk cost perception. According to the theory of regulatory focus, promotion focus consumers would point to gain-nongain frame work, but prevention focus consumers would point to loss-nonloss frame work. The paper proved the effect of reward card types and regulatory focus on transaction coupling and sunk cost perception. Based on the results from 2(type of card : visible vs invisible) ${\times}$ 2(regulatory focus: promotion vs prevention) between-subjects factorial design experiments, we found that consumer's transaction coupling and sunk cost perception of visible reward card are better recognized than invisible reward card. In addition, the results show that there is a significant interaction effect between the type of reward card and regulatory focus. Specifically promotion focused consumers tend to reveal better perception than prevention focused consumers in use of invisible cards. However, prevention focused consumers tend to show better perception than promotion focused consumers in use of visible cards. These findings will contribute to significant academic development and practically useful help to marketing managers.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand general perception of utilizing whale resources and preference for implementing whale watching tourism. This article examines perception of whale resources and identifies preferred types of the whale watching program in the feasibility of a whale watching tourism. And also analyzing the causal effect between perception of the whale resources and intention for participating in regarding the types of whale watching tourism. The results of this study showed that there are high interest in protecting and preserving of whale resources and low intention to resume the operation of commercial whale hunting. For utilizing of whale resources, we need to consider developing whale watching tour as ecotourism. The interest and watching for whale resources have a high level of relation with participating intention in whale tourism. Participation of whale tourism will be induced by developing new types of whale tourism to meet the interests for whale resources, This approach is hoped by authors to provide useful data for implementation of whale tour program and establishing improvement plan of whale tourism.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1998

In this paper production and perception data were examined to discover what acoustic features are used in distinguishing wh-questions and yes/no-questions. Production data show that the two question types are distinguished by different accentual phrasing, pitch ranges in wh-phrases, and initial lenis stop voicing of the first syllable in verb phrases. Perception data by synthetic intonation show that the two question types are distinguished by the width of pitch ranges between the first and the second syllable in wh-phrases. Initial lenis stop voicing of the first syllable in verb phrases produces a strong effect on the perceptual discrimination of the two question types.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2014

Korean wh-questions and yes-no questions have morphologically the same structure. In speech, however, two types of questions are distinguished by prosodic difference. In this study, we examined if Korean native speakers can distinguish wh-question and yes-no questions produced by Chinese Korean leaners based on the prosodic information contained in the sentences. For this purpose, we performed perception analysis, and 15 Korean native speakers participated in the perception test. The results show that two types of interrogative sentences produced by Chinese Korean leaners were not distinguished by constant pitch contours. These results reveal that Chinese Korean leaners cannot match prosodic meaning and prosodic form. The most saliant prosodic feature used perceptually by native speakers to discriminate two types of interrogative sentences is pitch difference between the F0 pick of wh-word and boundary tone.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 2005

This study was to examine whether the hedonic and utilitarian shopping values were expressed in shopping experience among the undergraduates and how the consumers with different shopping values vary in the perception of credit cards' benefit and risk. The 215 undergraduates in Seoul were surveyed. The results indicated that undergraduates were divided into hedonic shoppers and utilitarian shoppers according to their shopping value and that the perception of credit cards' benefit and risk was explained by the four factors including the increased cost, the removing the immediate need for money, the additional service and benefits, and the overspending and credit crime. The overspending and credit crime as one of the risk factors was affected by the types of shopping values.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to enhance the efficiency of clinical training education by understanding paramedic students' perceptions of their hospital clinical training experiences. Methods: The subjects were 31 third paramedic students who participated in a population survey from June 25 to August 13, 2016. A Q card and Q sample distribution chart were created, and the P sample was selected by Q classification. The collected data were analyzed by factorial analysis using PC QUANL. Results: Four different perceptions were identified from the survey, which explained 44.1% of the variables. The four types were classified as Self-improvement-oriented (Type 1), Training-site avoidant (Type 2), Confidence acquiring (Type 3), and Over-willed (Type 4). Conclusion: Paramedic instructors and clinical training managers may want to consider these four perception types when planning clinical training and education programs to improve job performance.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing strategic programs based on the types of perception to aid in the coping strategy of 119 emergency medical technicians who experienced have violence. Methods: The subjects were 119 emergency medical technicians working out of hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from March 10, 2019, to June 30, 2019. Q samples of 37 statements and P samples of 36 persons were taken using PC QUANL software. Results: As a result of the study, four types of coping with violence experiences were identified; these four types explained 53.79% of all variables from the examination. The types were labeled as the cooperation seeking and manual emphasis type, emotional suppression and stability seeking type, active response and business continuation type, communication empathy and recovery effort type. Conclusion: The Fire Department requires institutional measures to lower violence during field activities, and it will be necessary to develop a policy according to the type of perception of coping behaviors.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2020

We conducted this study to identify the accommodation applications users' lifestyle types and the composition factors for consumers' accommodation applications selection attributes and to identify the difference in the selection attributes perception of accommodation applications between groups classified by user's lifestyle types. According to the study, 6 factors were derived as the accommodation applications users' lifestyle types and were named social/leisure-oriented type, fashion-seeking type, culture-seeking type, self-examining type, self-centered type, family-oriented type. Also 6 factors were derived as the accommodation applications selection attributes and were named convenience, interactivity, economic efficiency, transaction reliability, product reliability and informativeness. Valid clusters were divided into four groups and were named culture/tourism group, self-examining group, passive and cautious group and Social and practicality-seeking group. Most of the selection attributes perception of accommodation applications between groups had statistically significant differences(p<.05), except for some items of transaction reliability. Based on the results of this study, we should strive to establish effective marketing strategies that reflect differences in the selection attributes perception of the accommodation application between groups classified by users' lifestyle types.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and pattern types for the perception of Korean traditional food and to find the determinants of the pattern types, taking food cultural background into account. Data were factor and cluster analyzed, and the results revealed two different dimensions and pattern types. Descriptive statistics showed that perceptional pattern types, i.e., traditional-modern pattern and tradition-oriented pattern, are likely to vary depending on socio-demographic and cultural background of Korean traditional food in Korea. Similarities and differences in perceptional pattern types are discussed, and future implications for food and nutrition specialists and food marketers are provided.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.81-95
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• 2016

This study aims to introduce a new approach to make up for the weak points in small business, to explore views of the small business employees and job-seekers on the basis of Q-Methodology. From the Q-methodology, the types of perception toward small business and their features from diverse views were drawn. The data from 33 participants were analyzed by using QUANL-PC program. The perception types were classified as four types: positive perception type, negative perception type, high evaluation about utilitarian pursuit type, neutral evaluation type. The results found that views toward small business are more positive than previous findings and perceptions were diverse beyond the dichotomy. Hence, to mitigate job mismatch, small business recruiting strategy should be provided based on diverse job-seeker types.