• 제목/요약/키워드: Perception Change

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대학생의 쇼핑가치에 따른 신용카드인식 및 신용카드관리행동에 관한 연구 (A Study for the Perception and Management Behaviors on Credit Cards According to the Shopping Value Types of College Students)

  • 서인주
    • 가족자원경영과 정책
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.129-151
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    • 2009
  • The first purpose of this study was to reveal the types of shopping value of college students. The second purpose was to examine the change in the perception and management behaviors related to credit cards according to the types of shopping value. The third purpose was to examine the effects of shopping value on perception and management behaviors on credit cards. The data were collected from 392 college students in Seoul by a self-administered questionnaire. Analyses including frequency, mean, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation analysis, Crosstabulation analysis, analysis of variance, K-means Cluster analysis and Multiple linear regression were conducted using SPSS WIN12.0. The major findings were as follows. First, college students can be categorized into 3 types of shopping values by K-means Cluster analysis of 14 items. The groups were entitled the hedonistic shopping value, the utilitarian shopping value, and the saving shopping value. Second, positive perception and management behaviors related to credit cards were different depending on the types of shopping value. The hedonistic shopping value group had a higher level of positive perception of credit cards and a lower level of credit card management, compared with the other groups. The saving shopping value group had higher levels of both positive perception and management of credit cards. Among the three groups, the utilitarian shopping group had the lowest level of positive perception of credit cards, despite having ahigher level of credit card management. Lastly, the most effective variance on credit card management was the utilitarian shopping value. These results suggest that a healthy shopping value is very important for having a healthy perception and management of credit cards, because shopping value is a critical variance to affect perception and management of credit cards.

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영아의 월령에 따른 초산모의 모아상호작용에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Change of Primipara′s Mother - Infant Interaction by Infant′s Monthly Age)

  • 방경숙;한경자
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.150-167
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    • 1991
  • The intent of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the change of the mother - infant interactions over the periods of one month, three months and six months of the infant's age. This study is also intended to explore the interrelationships among three major factors- the perception of pregnancy, the mother -infant inter-action and the maternal attitude. The samples participated are 36 pairs of mother and infant from two university hospitals in Seoul. A data collection was made, from October in 1988 to September in 1989, for each subject at five periods of time ; prenatal period (after 36 weeks in pregnancy), postpartum two or three days, one month, three months and six months of infant's age. The research tools used in this investigation are Mother - Infant Play Interaction Scale (MIPIS), Prenatal Self- Evaluation Questionnaire and Cohler's Maternal Attitude Scale. Some of the findings are as follows ; 1. There is a significant increase in the mother - infant interaction from one month to three months and six months of infant's age. The highest score of the mother - infant interaction during three periods is at the time of three months. 2. The primipara's mother -infant interaction is not affected by the demographic characteristics, such as age, education and vocation of mother, types of delivery, or sex of infant. 3. Among seven categories of the perception of pregnancy, the most positively perceived categories by primiparas are acceptance of pregnancy and identification of. a motherhood role : whereas the negative ones are preparation for labor, concern for well -being of self and baby, md fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control in order of negativity. 4. There is no significant relationship between the perception of pregnancy and the mother - infant interactions. 5. There is no significant change in the maternal attitude over the period of one month, three months, and six months of infant's age. 6. There is no significant relationship between the maternal attitude and the mother - infant interactions. 7, The significant relationships are (end between the perception of pregnancy and maternal attitude, especially in the categories of concern for well -being of self and baby, accetance of pregnancy, identification of a motherhood role, fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control, and relationship with husband. In conclusion, it is confirmed that primipara's mother-infant interactions change over time period, and that perception of pregnancy and the maternal attitude do not affect the mother-infant interactions despite a significat relationship between those two variables. The implications of this investigation include a suggestion that nurses need to teach and demonstrate to mothers how to care for and interact with their infants, with a view to improving the mother-infant interactions which can be obtained through the improvement of maternal sensitivity to their infants.

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체험학습을 통한 고등학생의 방사선 인식 변화에 대한 고찰 (Consideration on the Perception Change for Radiation of High School Students through an Experiencing Program)

  • 남종수;김용우;이지숙;서경원
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.65-69
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    • 2014
  • 우리나라 원자력 산업은 일본 후쿠시마 원전 사고로 큰 타격을 받았다. 대부분의 사람들은 TV, 인터넷 등 대중매체를 통해 발표되는 사고 및 사건에 관련된 내용으로 인하여 원자력 및 방사선에 대한 부정적인 인식을 갖고 있다. 특히, 우리나라 학생들은 정규 교육과정에서 거의 원자력 및 방사선을 배우지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대전 지역 일반 고등학생을 대상으로 방사선 체험학습 프로그램을 수행하고 이를 통한 방사선에 대한 개념과 위험성 인식의 변화를 설문조사 방식으로 파악하고자 하였다. 그 결과 다수의 학생들은 체험학습을 통하여 방사선에 대한 개념을 정립하는 한편 일부 학생들의 인식이 긍정적으로 변화된 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 사실을 바탕으로 학생들을 대상으로 방사선에 대하여 바르게 알리고 이해시키기 위하여 보다 개선된 설문조사 방식의 개발과 이를 활용한 다양한 방사선 관련 체험학습이 개발되어야 할 것이며, 방사선 안전에 대한 교육과 홍보가 상호보완적으로 수행될 수 있는 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

Perceptional Change of a New Product, DMB Phone

  • Kim, Ju-Young;Ko, Deok-Im
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.59-88
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    • 2008
  • Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.

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전조등 조도변동에 대한 운전자의 인식연구 : 4. 조도변동 기준 및 평가 알고리즘 개발 (A Study on Driver's Perception over the Change of the Headlamp's Illuminance : 4. Development of the Standard and the Algorithm for Limiting Brightness Change)

  • 김기훈;김현지;안옥희;임태영;민재웅;임준채;강병도;김훈
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
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    • 제21권10호
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2007
  • 측정 결과와 분석을 바탕으로 전조등 밝기변화의 한계값과 운전자의 안전성을 고려한 평가 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 심리 평가에 의한 전조등 밝기변화의 한계값은 주관적 평가를 토대로 밝기 변화, 눈 깜박임, 불쾌감 등에 대한 값을 제시하였고, 또한, 시인성 측정에 의한 한계값은 차량을 장애물의 위협 없이 안전하게 정지하기 위한 한계값을 제시하였다.

Perception of Transplanted English Prosody by American and Korean Listeners

  • Yi, So-Pae
    • 음성과학
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.73-89
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    • 2007
  • This study explored the perception of transplanted English prosody by thirty American and Korean, male and female listeners. The English utterances of various sentence types produced by Korean and American male speakers were employed to transplant the American prosody contours to Korean English utterances. Then, the thirty subjects were instructed to rate the transplanted prosodic components. Results showed that the interactions between the three factors (e.g., rater groups & transplantation types; transplantation types & sentence types; rater groups & transplantation types & sentence types) turned out to be meaningful. Both Americans and Koreans perceived the effectiveness of the combined effect of transplanted duration and pitch or duration and pitch and intensity. However, when perceiving individual prosodic components, Americans and Koreans showed different perceptual ratings. As for the overall prosody change, Americans perceived the change of intensity in a significant way but Koreans did not because intensity is not a crucial semantic factor in Korean. Americans rated the transplantation of duration alone as ineffective while Koreans rated otherwise. This was explained by the difference between English and Korean. The difference of perspective was also significant with different sentence types, especially with the three sentence types that had speech rates slower than other sentence types. A slower speech rate intensified the mismatch between the transplanted duration and the original pitch causing a negative impression on American listeners whereas this did not affect Korean listeners. Pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed.

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공업계열 특성화고 교사가 인식하는 수능 직업탐구 영역 응시집단 특성 변화 (Change on the Characteristics of Applying Group for Vocational Education Division in the CSAT by Industry Department Teacher's Perception of Specialized Vocational High School)

  • 함승연
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.1389-1407
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to inquiry of perception on the characteristics of applying students for vocational education division in the CSAT(College Scholastic Ability Test) and what were characteristics of main group by industry department teachers of specialized vocational high school. Therefore, it was highly desirable that researchers to survey what were change on the characteristics of applying for vocational education division in the CSAT and what were prospect on applying group for vocational education division in the CSAT. The survey included 100 industry department teachers of specialized vocational high school on 9 regions from Korea. The analysis of survey results were by regions, industry department teacher's career of specialized vocational high school. The results were as follows. Main reasons of reducing on applying for vocational education division in the CSAT after the class of 2010 was policy of employment reinforce in specialized vocational high school by government. The next reason was increasing students who want the next stage of education not requiring results of the CSAT. Leading group of reducing on applying for the CSAT after the class of 2010 was fine grade group. Prospect on number of applying students for vocational education division in the CSAT was maintenance on the minimum number of applying students for the CSAT, after lasting of reducing state.

한국영화에 나타나는 조현병 환자에 대한 사회 인식 (Social perception of schizophrenic patient as portrayed in Korean films)

  • 홍경영;임숙빈
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2018
  • 이 연구의 목적은 조현병 환자에 대한 사회 인식을 파악하기 위해 대중 인식이 투영되는 매체라 할 수 있는 영화에서 묘사된 조현병 환자에 대한 인식을 파악하는 것이다. 지난 40년간 상영된 영화 중 조현병 환자가 등장하는 48편의 영상자료와 시나리오를 귀납적 내용분석 방법으로 대인지각, 감정지각, 가족 및 친지의 인식, 그리고 치료대책에 대한 인식을 분석하였다. 그 결과 1995년 이전 영화에서는 조현병 환자를 매우 폭력적이고 위험하며, 가족에게 부담스러운 존재로 인식하고 있었다. 이에 비해 정신보건법이 제정된 1996년 이후 영화에서는 조현병으로 인한 구체적 경험이나 내면적 묘사가 증가하고 치료와 관련된 가족이나 환자의 태도도 보다 적극적으로 묘사되었다. 결론적으로 영화를 통해 본 조현병 환자에 대한 인식은 부정적이고 가족이나 주변 사람에게 부담과 고통을 주는, 피하고 싶은 존재임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 정신장애에 대한 사회 인식을 개선하기 위해서는 대중 인식에 영향력이 높은 영화를 적극 활용할 필요가 있고, 인식 변화에 영상매체가 미치는 영향에 관한 연구도 시도해볼 수 있겠다.

동부 르완다 쌀 농업인의 기후변화에 대한 적응 방법 결정 요인 (Determinant Factors of Rice Farmers' Selection of Adaptation Methods to Climate Change in Eastern Rwanda)

  • 부테라 토니;김태균;최세현
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.241-253
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    • 2022
  • The negative impact of climate change on the agricultural sector is rapidly increasing, and it is urgent to prepare policies at the government level to mitigate it. In the case of Rwanda's agricultural sector, which lacks the government's budget and farmers' capital, efficient and effective policy implementation is of paramount importance. To this end, rather than establishing related policies in the public sector from the top down, it is necessary to establish a bottom-up customized policy that is reflected in policy establishment by identifying the characteristics and behaviors of farmers who actually participate in adaptation activities. In this study, the effects of farmers' characteristics and farmers' perception status/adaptation status to climate change on the selection of adaptation methods for climate change were analyzed. 357 rice farmers randomly selected from Eastern Rwanda were surveyed to explore the information related to farmers' perception to climate change and adaptation methods as well as basic information of the farm. Research shows that the probability of selecting a variety of adaptation methods rather than not responding to climate change increases the younger the age, the higher the education level, and the easier access to climate information and credit. As a policy proposals, it is judged that public support such as strengthening agricultural technology support services, including more detailed guidance for elderly and low-educated farmers, and improving access to farm loan services by agricultural financial institutions is needed. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the planting time and cultivation method, provide timely information related to climate change, and provide crop variety improvement services to farmers.

죽음준비교육이 간호학생들의 생의 의미, 죽음과 웰다잉, 호스피스에 대한 인식에 미치는 효과 (Effects of Death Preparation Education on Nursing Students' Perceptions about the Meaning of Life, Death and Well-dying and Hospice)

  • 변도화;박미현
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 죽음준비교육을 실시하여 간호대학생들의 생의 의미, 죽음과 웰다잉, 호스피스에 대한 인식의 변화 정도를 파악하고 효과를 규명하기 위한 비 동등성 대조군 전 후 유사실험 연구이다. 연구대상자는 A시의 C대학 간호학과에 재학 중인 38명을 실험군으로, P시의 P대학 간호학과에 재학 중인 36명을 대조군으로 선정하였다. 연구기간은 2016년 2월 29일부터 4월 20일까지 주 1회 90분씩 8회기에 걸쳐 죽음준비교육을 실시하였고, 자료 분석은 $x^2-test$, t-test로 분석하였다. 죽음준비교육은 죽음교육의 중심적인 4가지 영역인 인지적, 정서적, 실천적, 가치 영역의 구분에 맞추어 생의 의미를 부여하고 죽음과 웰다잉, 호스피스에 대한 인식에 중점을 두면서 내용을 구성하였다. 연구결과 죽음준비교육은 간호학생들의 생의 의미, 웰다잉 인식, 호스피스에 대한 인식을 높이는 것으로 나타나 간호학생들 자신의 생이라는 의미 부여와 함께 올바른 삶의 가치관 정립에 도움을 주며 긍정적으로 살아갈 수 있는 원동력이 되고, 웰다잉과 호스피스에 대한 올바른 인식 함양을 돕는 유용한 교육으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 반면 죽음에 대한 인식은 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 죽음에 대한 인식에 대한 효과를 검증하는 반복 연구와 적용기간에 따라 웰다잉 인식 변화의 차이가 있는지를 확인하는 후속 연구가 필요함을 제언한다.