• Title/Summary/Keyword: Perceived risk

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Differences in Preventive Activities among Smokers

  • KIM, Kapseon
    • The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to develop strategies and policies for smoking prevention that are tailored to the characteristics of different groups of smokers. The structured survey was conducted with regular smokers. The results were as follows: It has been demonstrated that Risk Perception Attitude framework can be used as a major research framework to predict behavioral changes related to the prevention of smoking. The smokers were divided into four attitude groups based on perceived risks and self-efficacy: indifference, proactive, avoidance, and responsive. The smoker groups showed significant differences in information seeking, information avoidance, prevention behavior and addiction degree. Especially, the difference in prevention behavior depended on the self-efficacy when the perceived risk level was high. Information avoidance was the lowest when the perceived risk level was high and the self-efficacy was low. Information seeking was lowest when the perceived risk level was low. When the level of self-efficacy was high, if the perceived risk level was high, prevention behavior was actively performed. Therefore, the self-efficacy was related to preventive behavior, and the perceived low-risk played a role in hindering information seeking. Smoking prevention strategies are important to raise awareness of the risk of smoking and to improve the positive willingness of smokers to quit smoking through self-efficacy.

A Consumer-Oriented Study of Price Increases and Downsizing : Focused on Roles of Competitor's Pricing Strategy and Risk-Aversion (가격인상과 용량감소에 관한 소비자 관점의 비교 연구 : 경쟁사 가격전략과 위험회피성향을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Hye Young;Kang, Yeong Seon
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.55-70
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    • 2015
  • The main objective of this study is to investigate the moderating roles of the competitor's pricing strategy and the degree of consumer's risk-aversion on perceived risk and perceived benefit in responding to price increases and package downsizing. Based on Prospect Theory, several prior researches find that consumers perceive increased price as more loss than package downsizing and perceive package downsizing as more benefit than increased price. We extend these behavioral economics approach using the reference effect of competitor's pricing strategy. We focus on consumer heterogeneity on risk-aversion, measure the degree of consumer's risk-aversion, and divide the consumers into two groups of high levels of risk-aversion vs. low levels of risk-aversion. We find that the firm's pricing strategies of both price increases and package downsizing do not significantly influence the perceived benefit for relatively low risk-aversion consumers. We find that when the firm reduce the package size, relatively high risk-aversion consumers perceived more benefit and had higher purchase intention compared to price increases. We also find that the competitor's pricing strategies do not significantly influence the consumer's response for relatively low risk-aversion consumers. For relatively high risk-aversion consumers, they perceived more loss when the firm has different pricing strategy from the competitor's.

Effects of Perceived Value and Risk on Satisfaction and Purchase for Environmental-friendly Agricultural Products (지각된 가치와 위험이 친환경농산물의 만족과 구매에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Sung-Bum
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.715-734
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study is to estimate the relationship among perceived value, perceived risk, satisfaction, purchase intention for environmental-friendly agricultural products. For this, we separate consumer with two groups that one is the experienced, the other is the not-experienced. Four factors is respectively adopted in perceived value and risk with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study show that emphasizing the value of environmental-friendly agricultural products is important to the not-experienced. And to decease the risk is more effective to the experienced for activating market.

The Effect of the Perceived Risk, Trust of Internet Shopping on the Perceived Usefulness, Attitude, and Purchase Intention of the Fashion Merchandise (인터넷 쇼핑에서의 지각된 위험과 신뢰가 지각된 유용성, 태도 및 패션상품 구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Na, Youn-Kue;Hong, Byung-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.834-845
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to find out the important factors and efficient strategies concerning Internet marketing. The areas of study interest are, the perceived risk, trust, usefulness, Shopping-mall attitude, and purchase intention. To fulfill this objectives, First, a survey was performed targeting customers with first-hand experience with fashion merchandise in Internet shopping-mall. Second, the improbability sampling method was used on aged from 20s to 40s, and the survey was performed over a one month period. A total of 806 questionnaires. The empirical studies were summarized as follows. First, the exchange/return/delivery risk and social/psychological risk had an effect on the perceived trust in Internet fashion shopping mall. Second, the perceived trust had an effect on the perceived usefulness, the attitude toward using and intention of repurchase in Internet fashion shopping mall. Third, the perceived usefulness had an effect on the attitude toward using and intention of repurchase in Internet fashion shopping mall. Forth, the attitude toward using had an effect on intention of repurchase in Internet fashion shopping mall.

The Impact of Perceived Risks Upon Consumer Trust and Purchase Intentions (인지된 위험의 유형이 소비자 신뢰 및 온라인 구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Il-Yoo B.;Kim, Woo-Sung;Lim, Byung-Ha
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2011
  • Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.

The Classification of the Perceived Risks Involved in E-Commerce and the Developments of Their Measures (전자상거래에서의 지각된 위험의 분류 및 측정도구 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kang Young-Shin;Lee Choon-Yeul;Jeong Seung-Ryul
    • The Journal of Information Systems
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.215-238
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to develop the measures of the perceived risks involved in e-commerce. To do this, we first review the literature and examine the sub-constructs of the perceived risks. The risks classified are economic risk, product performance risk, social risk, technology/time loss risk, and privacy risk. Based on these findings, we identify the appropriate items for assessing these various risks. Then, we evaluate, basically using a structural equation model, the important several attributes of the measurs such as various validities and reliability. This study finally provides the rigorously tested measuring instruments of the construct of the perceived risks.

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A study on the effect of perceived amount of information in a fashion crowdfunding project on perceived risk and intention to participate (패션 크라우드펀딩 프로젝트에서 지각된 정보의 양이 소비자 위험지각 및 참여의도에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Lee, Eun-Jung;Shim, Woo Joo
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.365-374
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    • 2021
  • Recently, the high growth rate and advantages of the crowdfunding market have also led to increased participation of brands and companies, and this also applies to fashion business. Risk has been noted to be a key factor in consumer behavior in crowdfunding. With the high-risk context of crowdfunding where supporters inevitably bear to pay full amount of price before receiving the actual products. Factors enhancing or inhibiting perceived risk of crowdfunding need to be explored. The past literature on perceived risk and consumer attitudes in crowdfunding has expanded, but it has rarely covered the context of experience goods such as fashion products. In addition, the platform characteristics in relation to perceived risk should be addressed. The current study attempts to address the effect of the perceived amount of information offered in a fashion crowdfunding project on perceived risk and the intention to participate in the project. For the experiment of this study, a fictitious crowdfunding page for fashion products was set as the stimuli. A total of 240 Korean participants were recruited and their responses were statistically analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software. In the results, the greater the amount of detailed information about the fashion crowdfunding project, the higher the intention to participate the project. The greater the amount of information provided, the lower the perceived risk of consumers. Moreover, the lowered perceived risk affected the intention of participate. Perceived risk has a partial mediation in the relationship between the amount of information and intention to participate. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

A Study on the Relationships between Purchasing Behavior of Textile and Perceived Risk. (옷감 구매행동에 있어서 지각된 위험 (perceived Risk)의 역할에 관한 연구)

  • 남상우
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 1988
  • The main problem of consumer behavior is choice since the outcome of me of a choice can only be known in the future, consumers are forced to deal with the risks of und\certainty. So, perception of risk is pivotal aspect of consumer behavior. This study was designed to investigate the relationships between purchasing behavior of textile and perceived risk. Data were obtained from 276 housewives. ANOVA, x2-test were employed to analyse the data. The result were : 1. general features of textile purchase behavior are as follows. Blend wools and pure wool products are prefered. Fall is the major season in purchasing textile. Wholesalers, department stores and agent stores are prefered. Purchasing decision making process independent upon not only textile itself but the practice value of the textile. Purchasing textile, married young women depend on outward shape of the textile, middle and old aged groups depend on the economic value of the textile and the credibility of the stores. 2. Perception of risk is relatively high in the preference of store, color/design, and psycological uncertainty. But the perceived risks is relatively low in brand, price and social credibility. 3. There is significant relationship between the recognition rate of risk and the sensitiveness of the consumer. In addition, there are strong relationship between the risk rate and the preference of shop, brand, and price. On the other hand, there are no significant relationship between the color, design, and sociopsyco-logical risk and demographic variables. 4. The perceived risk of consumer would be a key stone to grasp the consumer behavior. The product company needs to provide full information which could reduce the perceived risk of consumer. there attitude would help for the mutual interests. In the future research, we need to develop the precise methods for finding variables on the perceived risk during the process of making purchase intention.

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Pursuit of Shopping Value and Risk Perception in Consumers Participating in Internet Auction (소비자의 쇼핑 가치와 위험지각 연구 - 인터넷 경매에서 경매 이용자를 중심으로 -)

  • Choi, Young-Hee;Lee, Eun-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.95-119
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the shopping values(utilitarian and hedonic values) sought and the risks(economic, functional, socio-psychological, and privacy) perceived by consumers who participate in Internet auctions by determining the factors that affect their shopping values and risk perceptions. Empirical data were collected by an Internet survey of netizens who were interested in and had experience in Internet auctions. Questionnaires were distributed to the subjects through an Internet survey site and at an Internet auction cafe. A total of 300 questionnaires were analyzed. The results showed that consumers showed a slightly greater pursuit of a utilitarian value than a hedonic outcome in their Internet auction practices; however the outcomes pursued by consumers in their teens and twenties tended to be more hedonic than utilitarian. Consumers with a higher level of innovation, self-confidence in purchase, and need for information searching showed a greater pursuit of utilitarian and hedonic outcomes. The group of consumers with a higher expectation for legal protection pursued a more utilitarian outcome, whereas the group of consumers with higher influence from the reference group pursued a more hedonic outcome. The consumers showed that they perceived functional risk as boing most serious, followed by privacy risk, economic risk, and socio-psychological risk. Subjects with higher degrees of innovation, self-confidence in purchase and self-control perceived economic risk as critical. Functional risk was perceived to be highest in the group of consumers with self-control and a need for information searching, whereas socio-psychological risk was perceived to be highest in the group of consumers showing more self-control. Privacy risk was perceived to be highest in the group of consumers with a higher degree of innovation and lowest in both groups of higher and lower affection. Both economic and privacy risks were perceived to be lower in the group of lower pursuit of a hedonic outcome.

A Multi-dimensional Structure for User Resistance with the Determinants of Innovative Product Use on Virtual Reality (가상현실 환경에서의 다차원적 혁신저항 구조와 혁신 제품 사용의 결정요소)

  • Park, Hyun-jung;Shin, Kyung-shik;Choi, Jaewon
    • The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.97-119
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    • 2016
  • Motion-sensing interface enhances the sense of reality of user experience in virtual reality context. This study analyzes the innovation resistance and adoption structure for Leap Motion, which provides a motion-sensing function, primarily considering the theory of perceived risk. Previous research regarding innovation resistance and adoption mainly addressed the resultant aspects of perceived risk, or the impact of perceived value on the adoption intention. This study synthetically reviews previous studies from a multi-dimensional view considering both resistance- and adoption-perspective. To do so, we identified important antecedents that affect perceived risk and value, and we analyzed the compound dynamics of perceived risk and value towards innovation resistance. As a result, we found that the antecedents included in the existent acceptance models from adoption-perspective can help reduce the level of perceived risk, and that higher perceived value leads to lower innovation resistance. Additionally, trialability can rather foster the perceived risk.