• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigates the current state of consuming breakfast among elementary school students residing in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, and to identify factors that influence breakfast behavior. Methods: The research model was set up as per the health belief model, and slightly modified by adding the subjective normative factors of the theory of planned behavior. The survey was conducted from July 17 to August 15, 2017 using a questionnaire, after receiving the permission PNU IRB (2017_60_HR). Results: The subjects were 77 boys (49.4%) and 79 girls (50.6%) suffering from malnutrition with anemia (21.2%) and stunting ratio of Height for Age Z Score (HAZ) (11.5%). Furthermore, moderate weakness (14.8%) and overweight and obesity (12.3%) by Body Mass Index for Age Z Score (BMIZ) were coexistent. According to the results obtained for breakfast, 21.8% did not eat breakfast before school, with 18.8% of the reasons for skipping breakfast being attributed to lack of food. Even for subjects partaking breakfast, only about 10% had a good balanced diet. The average score of behavioral intention on eating breakfast was 2.60 ± 0.58. The perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy of the health belief model correlated with breakfast behavior. Of these, self-efficacy (β=0.447, R²=0.200) and perceived sensitivity (β=0.373, R²=0.139) had the greatest effect on breakfast behavior. Mother was the largest impact person among children. Conclusions: In order to increase the level of breakfast behavior intention among children surveyed in Indonesia, we determined the effectiveness by focus on education which helps the children recognize to be more likely to get sick when they don't have breakfast, and increase their confidence in ability to have breakfast on their own. We believe there is a necessity to seek ways to provide indirect intervention through mothers, as well as impart direct nutrition education to children.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.865-878
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• 1999

With advances in neonatal medicine, smaller and sicker infants are surviving premature birth. As these tiny patients battle for their lives, their parents also struggle with psychological consequences of an unexpected role. The birth of a sick infants has long been documented as stressful events for the parents. High stress levels may alter parents' interaction with their baby and impair their communication with health professionals, which can in turn affect parents' participation in care planning and decision making. Nursing interventions aimed at reducing the parental stress and anxiety levels during this crisis may have a positive impact on their ability to form an attatchment to their baby and make prudent decisions about his care. The planning of such interventions would be inhanced if the contributions of various factors to increased parental stress levels were identified. This descriptive study was conducted to understand the contents and degree of parental stress in the NICU during their premature's hospitalization, and to give a baseline data in developing nursing intervention program. Subjects were the 60 mother of hospitalized newborn in NICU of 2 University Hospital in Taejon City from April 1st, 1999 to June 30th, 1999, who agreed to take part in this study. The instrument used in this study were Parental Stressor Scales:NICU(PSS:NICU) developed by Miles et al.. and validated by 3 NICU practitioners and 3 child health nursing faculties. The questionnaire has 4 dimensions and 45 items; sight and sounds of NICU(5 items), babies' appearance and behavior nursing intervention(19 items), parental role alteration and relationship with their baby(10 items), health team communication(11 items). The questionnaire asks parents to rate each item on a five-point Likert type scale that ranges from "not stressful" (1) to "extremely stressfu1"(5). Total scores representing overall stress from the NICU environment are calculated by summing response to each item. A high score indicates high stress. A subscale score is calculated by summing the responses to each item in the subscale. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients were .93. The data was analyzed as average, Frequency, Standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient by use of SPSS/PC+. The results of this study is summarized as follows ; 1. The total perceived stress level score of mothers of premature baby was slightly high($3.66{\pm}1.1$). The highest scored dimension was 'relationship with their baby and parental role change'($4.21{\pm}0.9$), and next were 'appearance and behavior of the baby'($3.92{\pm}1.1$), 'communication with health team'($3.32{\pm}1.3$), 'sight and sounds of NICU'($3.30{\pm}1.1$). 2. There were statistically significant correlation noted ; mother's perceived severity of the baby's condition(F=8.0012, P= .0125) and baby's gestational age(r = -.4724, P = .0500). In summary, information about physical environment of NICU, the mother's perceived severity of premature baby's state, maternal role change related variables and the knowledge of characteristics of premature baby must be included in nursing intervention program of mother's of premature baby in reducing the parental stress and anxiety level. It is suggested that each NICU needs to develop a nurse managed supportive care program for parents of premature baby. Also, it is suggested that there need to investigate the coping mechanism of mother of premature baby.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.850-857
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• 2005

Purpose: This research was conducted to examine the relationship of knowledge, health beliefs, and self-efficacy on osteoporosis. Method: The design of this study was a correlative design. The subjects were 1,615 Korean adults over the age of 20 registered in a new town and participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire developed by Kim, Horan & Gendler (1991), translated into Korean. Results: 1) The subjects recorded an average score of 1l.10 on osteoporosis knowledge. The average scores on the osteoporosis health beliefs was 15.68 for perceived susceptibility and the respondents recorded an average score of 40.40 for osteoporosis self-efficacy. 2) There were statistically significant differences in the degree of osteoporosis knowledge, self-efficacy and health belief according to gender, age, scholastic achievement, marital state, and jobs. 3) There were statistically significant positive correlations between osteoporosis knowledge and self-efficacy. Conclusion: According to these results, an osteoporosis education program improving not only knowledge but also self-efficacy and health beliefs should be developed and applied to decrease the perception of barriers to exercise and intake of calcium.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4979-4988
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• 2013

This study was aimed to identify the differences and relation of eating, physical activity behavior and mental-psychological state according to the level of internet addiction in adolescents. A self-report by on-line survey was conducted on 73238 middle & high students, who are 12 and 18 years old in South Korea. The questionnaires utilized in this study were eatings, physical activities, perceived happiness and mental health. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS WIN 14.0 program. All participants were general group 94.5%, potential group 2.5%, high risk group 3.0% classified. Violent, Muscle strengthening did not show a significant difference on three groups. Eating, physical activity, mental-psychological health and internet addiction was a correlation, eating and mental-psychological health did not show a correlation. The study suggests adolescents internet addiction prevention education to include Eating, physical activity, mental-psychological health.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intraoperative level of caring and anxiety among patients who underwent spinal surgery under local anesthesia. Methods: The study participants included 162 patients who had spinal surgery under local anesthesia at a general hospital in B metropolitan city between July 20 and September 20, 2014. To measure the caring behaviors of patients under local anesthesia, we used the Caring Behavior Measurement, and state anxiety was measured by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using a SAS program. The differences in anxiety levels based on participants' characteristics were analyzed with t-test and an analysis of variance. The correlation between levels of caring and anxiety was tested with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Education and caring levels showed significant relationship with the anxiety level of patients with spinal surgery under local anesthesia. Conclusion: To decrease the level of anxiety in patients undergoing spinal surgery under local anesthesia, it is necessary to educate and train operating nurses about the intra-operative caring behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The study has a purpose of contributing to understanding children of multi-cultural families and healthy development of children by examining influences of parental attachment perceived by the children on their anger trait and anger expressions. Methods: The data were collected from 113 students in grade 4~6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, pearson correlation coefficient by the SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Results: The result showed the stable attachment with parents significantly influences children's anger and expression(anger out/control). And mother's attachment was significantly stronger than father's attachment, especially mutual trust and communication. Father's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out/in, and mother's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out. Actually father's attachment had stronger influences children's anger and anger expression. Conclusions: There was relationship between father's attachment and anger trait/ expression by children of multi-cultural families. For the effective management of multi-cultural children's anger, programs focusing on improving father-child relationships need to be established.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2000

It has been reported that the cancer patient's quality of life is influenced by the perceived health state, self-esteem, health locus of control, social support, whether there is a pain or not, the stage of a disease, the period of a disease, etc, and however, there has been scarcely the research into the fact at home whose cultural and social backgrounds are entire1y different from those of American and European Countries. Accordingly, the author of this thesis performed this study. considering that it is necessary to know the relations between the health locus of control which make it possible to predict the object's behavior related to health and to make plans to induce the object or patient into sound behavior and the quality of life which is closely related to the cancer patient's health, emotion, society, economy, etc. on the whole. This study, a cross-sectional one, includes 135 subjects of $in{\cdot}out$ patients registered at Y University Hospital whose age are more than 20 years, From these patients, data were collected for two weeks through the questionnaire which content concerns about the quality of life and the health locus of control. All the collected data were processed and analyzed through Student's t-test, ANOVA, and the calculation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient, using the SAS program 1. It appeared that the disposition of health locus of control was mostly inclined to the disposition of powerful other health locus of control($28.37{\pm}4.24$), then inclined to internal health locus of control($27.03{\pm}4.17$), and next to chance health locus of control($19.71{\pm}4.97$) By the way. the disposition of powerful other health locus of control appeared a tittle bit higher than internal health locus of control 2. The degree of the quality of life appeared to be 137.54 points in the average of total points and 3.11 in the average evaluation mark. It appeared that the quality of life was most significantly influenced by a factor of 'relations with neighbors' and least significantly influenced by factors of physical conditions and functions. 3. It appeared that the relation between the disposition of health locus of control and the quality of life has nothing to do with the relation between internal health locus of control and the quality of life(r=.1446, P>.05) and also with the relation between the disposition of powerful other health locus of control(r=.0385, P>.05). In conclusion, in the study it has been found out that there is no correlation between the health locus of control and the quality of life, and however it is sound to induce the cancer patient to internal health locus of control. Therefore, it is necessary that under the special circumstances, the cancer patient's behavior should be predicted, thereby inducing the patient to the sound change of his or her behavior. Also in order that the patient enjoys his or her life satisfactorily while living, It is deemed that some kind of multilateral meditation in health and treatment is necessary so that the patient can feel the relief of pain, better health, etc.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.309-328
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a perceived elderly stigma scale for intergenerational research and practice. Although negative stereotypes on elderly population have worsened physical and psychological health of older people, there has been a lack of systematic efforts to measure and monitor stigmatic perception and behavior of younger generation on elderly people. We initially constructed a 34-item perceived elderly stigma scale, by integrating the processes of literature review and exploratory item generation. After confirming the face validity of the scale, a 31-item perceived elderly stigma scale was tested with 252 adults recruited from an online research panel. The result of an exploratory factor analysis suggests a 5-factor solution with 28 items: ability, personality, appearance, authoritarian dependancy, and family-obsession. The convergent/discriminant validity was confirmed by examining its relationships with ageism, elderly discrimination, attitude toward elderly, and respect for elderly. After a series of refinement and empirical tests, the perceived elderly stigma scale would contribute to understanding the current state of elderly discrimination in our society and to develop necessary policies and promotion strategies to eliminate intergenerational conflicts.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.330-346
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• 1999

This descriptive correlational study was conducted to identify the variables related to a health promoting lifestyle in high school students. 304 high school students and 189 vocational high school students living in Taegu city were selected by a convenience sampling method. The data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from August 24 to September 4, 1998. Pender and others' Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Shere et al's. Self-Efficacy scale, Wallston et al.'s Internal Health Locus of Control scale, Wares' Health self rating scale and Cohen & Hoberman's Social support scale were used. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, MANOVA, ANOVA. Tukey verification and Stepwise multiple regression with an SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average score of a health promoting lifestyle performance was 2.38(SD=.36) of a 4 point scale .Self-actualization (mean = 2.80. SD = .60). interpersonal support(mean = 2.73, SD=.47), health responsibility (mean=1.53, SD=.47), nutrition(mean=2.64, SD=.63), exercise(mean=2.71. SD=.72) and stress management(mean=2.37, SD=.58) were also analyzed. 2. The combination of self-efficacy, social-support, internal health locus of control. father's educational level and perceived health status explained 37.97% of the variance in health promoting lifestyles. 3. A Health promoting lifestyle showed significant positive correlations with self efficacy(r=.5173. p=.0011), perceived health status(r=.254, p=.001) and internal health locus of control(r=.321. p=.001). 4. According to sex(t=7.38. p=.006). economic state(F=6.62, p=.00l), Father's educational level(F=4.25, p=.005), mother's educational level(F=6.94. p=.000l), the grade of educational performance(F=3.74, p=.024), sleeping hours(F=3.47. p=.032) and social support(F=40.76, p=.0001). there were significant differences and modifying factors in health promoting lifestyles. On the basis of the above findings. self-efficacy in cognitive factors, and social support in modifying factors were identified as the variables which explained most of Pender's health-promotion model. Nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy and social support which have a more significant effect on health promoting lifestyles should be developed. Further research is required to find out the factors influencing health pormoting lifestyle of high school students.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2020

This study examined the effect of ego-resilience, function of family, stress of adapting to a new culture perceived by youth from multi-cultural families at Gyeonggi-do on their mental health. In doing so, the study sought to suggest effective supportive visits to enhance their mental health. For this, the study carried out a descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way anova, hierarchical regression analysis among 304 middle schoolers from multi-cultural families living at Gyeonggi-do. The study found following results. The higher youth from multi-cultural family perceived the procedural stress, sub-variable of stress of adapting to a new culture and the lower they perceived emotional control, sub-variable of ego-resilience, the higher depression and anxiety they experienced, resulting in worsening of their mental health state. Based on these findings, the study, in order to enhance the mental health of youth from multi-cultural family and their ego-resilience, discussed and suggested development of psychological/emotional programs, preparation of supportive measures to overcome their stress in the course of their cultural adaptation as well as systematic supplementation of related laws in support of multi-cultural families.