• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Internet-based financial services are being increasingly integrated into consumers' daily lives. Internet-only banks have emerged as a powerful tool accelerating financial inclusion. This study investigates the satisfaction and continuous use intention predictors for Internet-only banks. We employed an extended post-acceptance model and used six antecedent factors that included perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, privacy risk, functional risk, subjective norms, and network externality. All 351 participants used Internet-only banks and were 20-40 years of age. A self-administration online survey was conducted. SPSS 23.0 analyzed the frequency, description, and multiple regression analysis. The results of current study are as follows. The education, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and network externality positively influenced the satisfaction of Internet-only banks. Privacy risk negatively influenced satisfaction with Internet-only banks. Perceived ease of use, subjective norm, network externality, and satisfaction positively influenced the continuous use intention of Internet-only banks. The results of our study provide a better explanation of important factors that could enhance the understanding of satisfaction and continuous use intention for Internet-only banks. Furthermore, this study extends the antecedent variables to the knowledge of financial services and enlarges the understanding of users' post-adoption behaviors.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.215-238
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop the measures of the perceived risks involved in e-commerce. To do this, we first review the literature and examine the sub-constructs of the perceived risks. The risks classified are economic risk, product performance risk, social risk, technology/time loss risk, and privacy risk. Based on these findings, we identify the appropriate items for assessing these various risks. Then, we evaluate, basically using a structural equation model, the important several attributes of the measurs such as various validities and reliability. This study finally provides the rigorously tested measuring instruments of the construct of the perceived risks.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2007

The aims of this study are to determine if the perceived risk of e commerce affect the Internet shopping mall users'decision to pre-purchase an item via e commerce, to find out if there are differences among the induced perceived risk according to gender, and to verify if the perceived risk according to gender have a correlation to a person's decision to pre-purchase an item via e commerce. It was found from the analysis of the collected data that there are five factors of perceived risk of e commerce: economic risk, the product performance risk, social risk, technology/time loss risk, and privacy risk. First, the collected data were analyzed to determine if the perceived risk of e commerce affect people's purchase intentions, and on the matter of whether there are differences among the pre-perceived risk according to sender, As regards the differences among the relationships between the pre-perceived risk of e commerce and the purchase intention of the Internet shopping mall users based on gender. It can thus be concluded that the pre-perceived risk of e commerce affect the Internet shopping mall users purchase intention. Different results were obtained, though, according to sender. This means e commerce purchasers can use these results to recognize the risk of e commerce.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.134-149
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• 2005

Although Internet retailing is becoming a viable channel for apparel retailing, consumers are still reluctant to use Internet for apparel purchasing because at their concerns at Internet security and the difficulties at virtual shopping in unfamiliar shopping environment. The purpose at this study is to examine the nature at perceived risk associated with Internet apparel shopping and risk-reduction strategies used by Internet apparel shoppers. The data were collected via an online survey by a online research company. A total at 4,254 Internet users participated in this survey. Among these Internet users, 1,146 respondents had previous shopping experience in Internet shopping. Within this group, 195 were Internet apparel information seekers, and 589 were Internet apparel purchasers. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and t-test were used to analyze the data. The perceived risks and risk-reduction strategies used by Internet apparel no-interest shoppers, Internet apparel information seekers (browsers), moderate Internet apparel purchasers, heavy Internet apparel purchasers were examined and compared. The results indicated that these tour groups were significantly different in apparel related risk, performance risk, and privacy risk. Internet purchasers tend to perceive more apparel-related, performance, and privacy risks than others. The results also indicated that these tour groups were significantly different in their opinions of risk-reduction strategies.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.145-161
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• 2021

Recently, as personal information utilization devices such as IoT, artificial intelligence, and wearable devices that focus on the individual have spread, privacy violations are also increasing. However, the privacy paradox of providing personal information to enjoy services while worrying is getting stronger. However, there are still preliminary studies on this. In this study, an intelligent home camera based on IoT technology was selected as a research object, and whether privacy paradox exists in the IoT environment, including smart home camera, was studied. To this end, the effect of perceived usefulness, a benefit factor of smart home camera use, and privacy concern, a risk factor, on intention to use was verified. In addition, it was investigated whether the relationship between privacy concerns and intention to use differs according to the presence or absence of use experience. In order to verify the research model, a survey was conducted with people with and without experience in using smart home cameras, and a total of 298 data samples were used for statistical analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that both perceived usefulness and privacy concerns had a positive effect on the intention to use, proving that privacy paradox exists in the IoT-based smart home camera environment. In addition, by analyzing the fact that privacy concerns have different effects on usage intentions depending on the user experience, it was verified that those with experience have a strong privacy paradox and those without experience have a weak privacy paradox. This study is meaningful because it seeks strategic implications to improve service and business performance by understanding the relationship between privacy attitudes and behaviors of IoT service providers, including smart home cameras.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 2013

Big data refers to the data that cannot be processes with conventional contemporary data technologies. As smart devices and social network services produces vast amount of data, big data attracts much attention from researchers. There are strong demands form governments and industries for bib data as it can create new values by drawing business insights from data. Since various new technologies to process big data introduced, academic communities also show much interest to the big data domain. A notable advance related to the big data technology has been in various fields. Big data technology makes it possible to access, collect, and save individual's personal data. These technologies enable the analysis of huge amounts of data with lower cost and less time, which is impossible to achieve with traditional methods. It even detects personal information that people do not want to open. Therefore, people using information technology such as the Internet or online services have some level of privacy concerns, and such feelings can hinder continued use of information systems. For example, SNS offers various benefits, but users are sometimes highly exposed to privacy intrusions because they write too much personal information on it. Even though users post their personal information on the Internet by themselves, the data sometimes is not under control of the users. Once the private data is posed on the Internet, it can be transferred to anywhere by a few clicks, and can be abused to create fake identity. In this way, privacy intrusion happens. This study aims to investigate how perceived personal information overload in SNS affects user's risk perception and information privacy concerns. Also, it examines the relationship between the concerns and user resistance behavior. A survey approach and structural equation modeling method are employed for data collection and analysis. This study contributes meaningful insights for academic researchers and policy makers who are planning to develop guidelines for privacy protection. The study shows that information overload on the social network services can bring the significant increase of users' perceived level of privacy risks. In turn, the perceived privacy risks leads to the increased level of privacy concerns. IF privacy concerns increase, it can affect users to from a negative or resistant attitude toward system use. The resistance attitude may lead users to discontinue the use of social network services. Furthermore, information overload is mediated by perceived risks to affect privacy concerns rather than has direct influence on perceived risk. It implies that resistance to the system use can be diminished by reducing perceived risks of users. Given that users' resistant behavior become salient when they have high privacy concerns, the measures to alleviate users' privacy concerns should be conceived. This study makes academic contribution of integrating traditional information overload theory and user resistance theory to investigate perceived privacy concerns in current IS contexts. There is little big data research which examined the technology with empirical and behavioral approach, as the research topic has just emerged. It also makes practical contributions. Information overload connects to the increased level of perceived privacy risks, and discontinued use of the information system. To keep users from departing the system, organizations should develop a system in which private data is controlled and managed with ease. This study suggests that actions to lower the level of perceived risks and privacy concerns should be taken for information systems continuance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1247-1257
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• 2001

The objectives of the study were to examine apparel purchasing behavior in internet shopping malls and the level of perceived risk when internet users purchase online. For this research, 15,000 internet users were given questionaries via E-mail, or special website online. The sum of 1958 questionaries were used for statistical analyses. Using, SAS package, factor analysis, Crobach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, $\chi$$^2$-test, frequency and multi-response analysis were performed. As the results, 19% out of internet users had bought apparel products through internet shopping malls. Men had more purchasing experiences in apparels as well as general products than women. Among apparel products, T-shirts/shirts were purchased the most by internet shoppers. For perceived risks, 6 factors(quality risk, time/convenience risk, size and appearance risk, privacy risk and social/psychological risk) were investigated for this study. The level of perceived risk was lower when people had a purchasing experience in internet shopping mall than when they didn't. The level of perceived risk was lower when people had purchasing intend about apparels than when they didn't. Based on these results, marketing strategies will be suggested.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.18-23
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• 2018

Recently, the developments in IT technology and the spread of smart phones have made Fin-Tech, which is a combination of financial services and IT technology, a big issue. In accordance with the growth trend of mobile payments in the world, all financial transactions in Korea are gradually shifting to smart phones. In fact, mobile payment system services are not widely used by users. In particular, the risk factors involved when users want to use the service are one of the factors that hinder the expansion of the usage of mobile financial payment service. The risk factors affect the trust of the mobile payment system users. Therefore, this study investigates the risk factors of the mobile payment system and the manner in which it affects a user's trust. We have also examined as how user's trust affects trust in the quality of the mobile payment system. To this end, the trust in overall quality of use was largely divided into trust in system quality, trust in information quality, and trust in service quality. Perceived finance risk, perceived performance risk, and perceived privacy risk have negative effects on cognitive trust. However, perceived time risk did not affect cognitive trust. User's cognitive trust also has an effect on trust in quality.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-208
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• 2006

Mobile banking is one of the most representative services applied to the mobile technology. However, there are few recent studies about the user acceptance of mobile banking, and prior studies only have been related to the positive effects of the service acceptances such as e-commerce and Internet banking service. The purpose of this research is to grasp the particular risk essentials in mobile banking which customers perceive, and the risk degree of user recognition which affect customer intention to adopt mobile banking through the exploratory research. The perceived risk is segmented into the performance risk, financial risk, time risk, social risk (or psychological risk), and privacy risk based on Cunningham's research (1967) and other recent studies. In the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), we have attempted to determine how different perceived risks have influence on the mobile banking adoption intentions of both the mobile banking users and potential users. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence have positive influences on the intention to use mobile banking service while perceived risk has a negative influence on the intention to use and performance expectancy.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.241-248
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• 2018

Recently, there have been calls for approaching from the irrationality point of view to better explain the privacy paradox phenomenon. This study is a kind of response to them. The aim of the study is to investigate how satisfying competence needs, one of basic psychological needs suggested in self-determination theory, affects irrational information disclosure decision (i.e., risk-benefit assessment). To do this, the study builds an irrationality-based model in which competence needs satisfaction affects both perceived risks negatively and perceived benefits (i.e., relationship building and maintenance), which in turn determine a level of self-disclosure. Based on the data from Facebook users which is collected by a large sample survey (N=1050), the study analyzes it using Mplus, a powerful structure equation modeling tool. The study results reveal that while the relationship between competence needs satisfaction and perceived relationship building and maintenance is statistically significant, the relationship between competence needs satisfaction and perceived risks insignificant. These findings imply that people who is in a high level of competence needs satisfaction is more likely to respond to some opportunities for social benefits and in turn disclose more information about self.