• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2003

Most 3D display systems heavily depend on binocular disparity to produce 3-dimensional depth of a scene. In principle, the vergence angle of the object on fixation and binocular disparity of non-fixated objects vary with the inter-pupillary distance(IPD) of the observer. However, most stereo systems provide the identical stereo image pairs regardless of the observers' IPD, which may result in variation in the perceived depth. In this study, we manipulated the vergence angle of the fixated object and binocular disparity of the non-fixated object. The range of the individual difference in the perceived depth was found to be increased with the increase of disparity for both the fixated and non-fixated objects, and the individual difference was well fitted by the regression line of the observers' IPD. These results suggest that individual difference in the perceived depth from the identical stereo images should be greatly reduced if the stereo system calibrates the disparity of the object by the observers' IPD in generating the stereo images and the regression line found in this study might be useful in the calibrating the disparity of the images.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.182-197
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• 2004

In this paper we propose a new method of evaluating customers' service quality using triangle fuzzy numbers and semantic differential scale. These two parameters are useful for quantifying the customers' linguistic variables and subjective judgements. We define the Service Quality(SQ) as the ratio of the expected and perceived service and address the Agreement Rate(AR) calculated from the hamming distance in order to define the Service Rate(SR) as the geometric mean of the SQ and AR. Using the SR in the analysis of service attributes provides more appropriate to measure the customers' service quality and to establish a creative service policy for competitive service quality improvement.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.333_335
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• 2009

It is expected, in the near future, that the use of distributed generation systems should be increased considerably. In this case, distance relay algorithm should be developed in the manner that it can reduce the error due to the in-feed effect. This paper presents a method to consider the fault current rushed from the remote end of a line. In the steady-state, the relays in both ends exchange the voltages of upper nodes. If a fault is perceived, the relay calculates fault location taking the fault current from the remote end by using voltage data of the remote ends obtained just before the fault. Even though this method has inevitable error, it can show more precise fault allocation. The suggested method is applied to a typical transmission system with two power sources in both ends to verify its effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

Human uses level difference and time difference to get space information. Therefore this paper shows that method to presume direction of sound source by time difference and to mark presumed position. The position means direction from geometrical center of sensors to the sound source. To get the time difference of microphones input level, we will be explained about arrangement of microphones which used for the sensor to take the sound signal. It is included distance among the 3 microphones and distance between microphones and sound source. Secondly, input signals are transmitted to CPU througth digital process. CPU is used to DSP(Digital Signal Processor) for manage the signal by real time. Finally, the position of sound source is perceived by an explained algorithm in this paper.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.447-458
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to present the basic guidelines for preventing human error by measuring and analyzing the risk of collision perceived by the ship operator in the collision risk situation by using Korea Coast Guard patrol ships. Background: In the last 5 years, 97.5% of the causes of ship collision occurred at the sea was caused by human factors. However, the rate of marine accidents due to human error has not been reduced yet. Experiments and researches on the ship operators using the ships in actual operation are rarely performed. Method: Using two K.C.G Ships on the sea, the ship measured by 30 persons who are the subject of the ship (ship operator) when both ships approach and the relative distance gradually decreases in four encounter situations, perceived ship collision risk (PSCR) data were analyzed by statistical analysis. Results: The age and boarding career of the ship operator in the situation of ship collision risks encountered a negative impact on perceived collision risk in all four opposing encounter situations S1 ($000^{\circ}$), S2 ($045^{\circ}$), S3 ($090^{\circ}$) and S4 ($135^{\circ}$) respectively. That is, the higher the age of the ship operator, the lower the perceived risk of collision and the lower the age, the higher the risk of collision. Also, there was a difference between the average of group A (20~30 years) and group B (40~50 years) according to age of the ship operators at $000^{\circ}$, $045^{\circ}$ and $090^{\circ}$ and there was no difference at $135^{\circ}$. The mean difference of the experience of boarding career was also significantly different between group A (less than 4 years) and group B (more than 5 years), but there was no significant difference at $135^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The results showed that age and boarding career of the ship operators had negative impact on perceived collision risk and there was a difference in perceived risk of collision according to age and abundance of boarding career. As a result, by focusing on the ship operators who are in the age group of 20~30 years old and have less than 4 years of experience in boarding the ship. It is expected that the effect of prevention of marine accidents can be expected by avoiding collision avoidance. Application: The results of this study can be used as policy data of related organizations to prevent human error of ship operators and as training data of training institutes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.476-486
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the social distance that physical therapists in rehabilitation clinics have for the person with disability. The subjects were 146 physical therapists at 8 sites in kyunggi provinces, investigated the social distance of the subjects by gender, age, religion, working years, circumstantial disorder. The results of this study were as follows. First, as for the social distance of the person with disability, the physical therapists showed relatively intimate perceived by the social distance and the sub-factors, physical distance and interpersonal distance. Second, they showed close social distance to the disabled when they had sex, age, working years, and showed close interpersonal distance to the disabled when they had male. Third, the subjects with disabled friends showed close physical and social distance to the disabilities. Finally, There was a significant correlation between the age of the physical therapist and the social distance to the disabled, there was a negative correlation between the number of years of work and the age, sex. Based on these results, interactions with disabled person affect the positive cognition toward disabilities. In addition, It is necessary to educate the therapist to change the attitudes and behaviors of the disabled person positively through improvement of the cognition of the disabled and direct experience with the disabled from the beginning of the clinic.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 2021

The purpose of the research was to examine the effect of field of view on egocentric distance perception in the real and virtual environment. The replica that mimicked the real environment condition was used to create the virtual environment condition. We manipulated field of view levels equally in both viewing conditions using glasses that limit the field of view in real-world conditions and limiting the field of view in virtual-world conditions in a manner equivalent to real-world conditions via HMD. Eighteen participants observed the target with a limited field of view in a real and virtual environment without head movement. Then, we measured perceived distance using the timed imagined walking method, which measures the time taken by each participant to mentally walk to the target. The target was shown three times at three different distances from the participants: 3, 4, and 5 m. For the analysis, we converted time estimates into distance estimates. Consequently, the estimated distance in the virtual environment condition was less than the estimated distance in the real environment condition. And as the field of view shrank, the estimated distance also decreased. The estimated distance did not vary with field of view levels in real-world conditions. In the virtual environment, the estimated distance decreased as the field of view decreased, whereas in the real environment, the estimated distance increased. The implications of the results and some future research directions are discussed below.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.573-585
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• 2018

Services for navigation and entertainment through AI-based voice user interface devices are becoming popular in the connected car system. Given the classification of VUI agent developers as IT companies and automakers, this study explores attributes of agent persona and user experience that impact the driver's perceived safety and satisfaction. Participants of a car simulator experiment performed entertainment and navigation tasks, and evaluated the perceived safety and satisfaction. Results of regression analysis showed that credibility of the agent developer, warmth and attractiveness of agent persona, and efficiency and care of the UX dimension showed significant impact on the perceived safety. The determinants of perceived satisfaction were unity of auto-agent makers and gender as predisposing factors, distance in the agent persona, and convenience, efficiency, ease of use, and care in the UX dimension. The contributions of this study lie in the discovery of the factors required for developing conversational VUI into the autonomous driving environment.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1109-1118
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• 2013

Recently, stereoscopic three-dimensional(S3D) movie and video are becoming globally popular. However, there are some people who could not perceive 3D depth information well. Traditional stereopsia test tools could not analyze the subject's perceived depth accurately. Therefore, it is necessary to have a test tool that accurately measures the degree of perceived depth of subjects. In this paper, we suggested a 3D content depth measuring instrument and produced suitable 3D contents for the instrument. We measured subjects' perceived depth of 3D foreground objects in terms of $+1^{\circ}$, $-1^{\circ}$, $-2^{\circ}$ binocular disparity and compared the measured values with the theoretical values. Measured values were slightly bigger than the theoretical values. Deviation between the measured values and theoretical values increased with extrusion distances.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2010

Purpose: In this work we suggested a grating chart of vision test which could be used to measure the sense of distance and motion of object. Methods: A couple of gratings with periodic structure were fabricated. Through a lens the grating images showing geometrical shapes were projected on a vision test chart in order to form a new grating chart of vision test. In rotating and translating the gratings the examinee perceived the variation of position of gratings by the variation of the sense of distance and motion. Results: The results of the sense of distance and motion measured in rotating and translating the gratings showed the average errors of ~2.98% and ~1.73% at $\theta=15^{\circ}$ respectively compared to calculated values. Conclusions: The grating chart of vision test suggested in this work can be used as a new test chart that lets an examinee perceive a sense of distance and motion of object.