• Mycobiology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2010

Agrocybe aegerita is an important mushroom cultivated in Korea, with good feel and a peculiar fragrance. A. aegerita can be cultivated throughout the year using culture bottles but is more susceptible to contamination than other mushrooms. Twenty-two pathogens were isolated from the fruiting bodies and compost of A. aegerita, and seven isolates were isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus to compare with the A. aegerita isolates, collected from Gimje, Iksan, Gunsan of Chonbuk, and Chilgok of Gyeongbuk Province in 2009. These isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Of the 29 isolates, 26 were identified as Trichoderma spp. and the remaining three were Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., and Penicillium spp. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 26 isolates of Trichoderma were divided into four taxa, namely T. harzianum, T. pleuroticola, T. longibrachiatum, and T. atroviride. Among the Trichoderma spp., 16 isolates (55.2%) were identified as T. harzianum, six as T. pleuroticola (20.7%), two as T. longibrachiatum, and the remaining two were T. atroviride.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1995

A microbial product composed of three antagonistic fungal isolates (Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp.) and three bacterial isolates (Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp.) was tested for the control of Pythium blight caused by Pythium sp., brown patch by Rhizoctonia solani (anastomosis group(AG) 1-1) and large patch by R. solani (AG 2-2) of turfgrasses. Cultures of the antagonistic fungi and bacteria varied in the effectiveness in reducing disease severity of Pytium blight and brown patch on bentgrass. The antagonistic fungal and bacterial isolates were mixed and cultured at 20-$25^{\circ}C$ for 3 days in a growth medium, and the diluted solution of the microbial culture was applied under the field conditions after inoculation of the above turfgrass pathogens. The treated turfgrass was incubated at 28$^{\circ}C$ in a growth chamber. In this experiment, Pythium blight was almost completely controlled and brown patch was slightly decreased by the microbial product, while no control was observed in large patch of zoysiagrass. In zoysiagrass treated with the microbial culture, thatch accumulation was notably reduced.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 1981

During the period of June 15, 1978 to February 28, 1979 fungi were isolated from 101 public and home telephones in 6 different cities and classified. Total 203 isolates were obtained and classified into 8 genera and 6 species, however 44 of the isolates were unidentified. Penicillium spp. were frequently found. Forty isolates were derivated from coffee shops, 51 from street public telephones, 35 from stores, 26 from offices and 19 from homes. Also 27 were from Seoul, 30 from Daegu, 46 from Gunsan, 82 from Chunju and 18 from Jaeju. Twenty-seven were isolated in summer and 174 in winter. From the above observations, it is concluded that the transimitters are heavily colonized with various species of fungi and some of them are pathogens. The rates of colonization appeared to be various by locations and seasons.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2003

Five cereal grains(wheat, barley, rice, maize and sorghum) were collected from three Egyptian provinces known to be grain producers(Daqahlia, Gharbia and Kafer el-Sheikh). Two species of Alternaria(A. raphani and A. tenusinae); two species of Aspergillus(A. flavus and A. niger); one species of Cunninghamella(C. elegans); one Dreschslera species(D. myakt); three Fusarium species(F. graminearum, F. moniliform and F. solani); one Rhizopus species(R. stolonifer) and two species of Penicillium(P. digitatum and P. notatum) were isolated from the grains. The densities of these fungi and their frequencies of occurrence have been investigated. All the fungal isolates were tested for the production of toxic metabolites in culture media and the percentages of toxigenic isolates were calculated. The biological assay of the toxigenic fungal isolates showed significant variations in toxigenic activity. Thin layer chromatography revealed that the most active isolate produces moniliformin in culture media. The effect of culture conditions on the production of moniliformin was studied.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2010

Blue mold is the most important postharvest disease of apples in Korea. Apple fruits with blue mold symptoms were collected from storages in different locations in Korea and were investigated for their association with Penicillium species. A total of sixty five isolates of Penicillium were sampled from the collected apples. Based on DNA sequence analysis of ${\beta}$-tublin gene and ITS and lsu rDNA (ID region) and morphological characteristics, they were identified as P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. italicum, P. solitum and P. sp.. P. sp. which is closely related to P. hirsutum is a new species, not reported before. P. expansum (35%) was predominant species followed by P. crustosum. The phylogenetic tree inferred from combined ${\beta}$-tublin and ID region sequence showed good correlation with species that are defined by morphological characteristics. In pathogenicity test, apples were wound-inoculated with conidial suspension and incubated at $20-22^{\circ}C$. The most severe and destructive species was P. expansum. The species caused a decayed area 42-50mm in diameter after 8-10days. Decayed area caused by P. crustosum and P. sp. was 26-32mm and 20-26mm, respectively. This is the first record of P. crustosum, P. italicum and P. sp. from apple in Korea.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 1991

한국내에서 재래적인 방법에 의하여, 생산, 시판되고 있는 전통 발효식품인 메주 (12종), 된장 (28종) 및 간장 (28종)을 전국에서 수거하였다. 이들로부터 OA 생성하는 fungi를 분리하였다. 분리된 균으로 다시 Ochratoxin A 생성 유무를 관찰하였으며, 개괄적인 균 동정도 시도하였다. 1. Ochratoxin A를 정량조사(定量調査)한 표준곡선의 작성결과(作成結果), 감도 (Sensitivity)는 20 pg/tube 수준 이었다. 2. 본 실험에서 이용한 OA 의 분석 방법에서 OA 의 회수율(回收率)은 90% 이상 이었다. 3. 각 시료(試料)에서 분리(分離)해낸 222 fungi 중 Ochratoxin A를 생성하는 것은 39 isolates로 나타났으며, 이 중 대부분이 Aspergillus 속, Penicillium 속 그리고 Pae-cilomyces 속 이었다. 4. 전통 발효식품인 메주,된장,간장내의 곰팡이중 Ochratoxin A 생성곰팡이의 생성률은 각각 19.27%, 18.30%, 14.70%으로 나타났으며 0.2g / 2 petridish 이상의 OA 생성률은 20.5% (8/39)로 나타났다. 또한 Ochratoxin A 생성에 대한 몇가지 추론도 함께 하였다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.49-49
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• 2014

In order to find indigenous beneficial fungal species from crop field soils of Nigeria, 23 soil samples were collected from various places of Nigeria in June, 2013 and fungi were isolated through serial dilution technique. Isolated fungi were purified and differentiated according to their morphological and microscopic characteristics. In total, 38 different representative isolates were recovered and the genomic DNA of each isolates was extracted using QIAGEN$^{(R)}$ Plasmid Mini Kit (QIAGEN Sciences, USA) and the identification of fungi was carried out by sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA). Recovered isolates belonged to 9 fungal genera comprising Fusarium, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Coniothyrium, Dipodascaceae, Myrothecium, Neosartorya, Penicillium and Trichoderma. Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most dominant taxa in this study. The antagonistic potentiality of species belonged to Trichoderma against 10 phytopathogenic fungi (F. oxysporum, C. gloesporoides, P. cytrophthora, A. alternata, A. solani, S. rolfsii, F. solani, R. solani, S. sclerotiorum and P. nicotiana) was assessed in vitro using dual culture assay. The dual culture assay results showed varied degree of antagonism against the tested phytopathogens. The potential Trichoderma spp. will be further evaluated for their antagonistic and plant growth promotion potentiality under in vivo conditions.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1980

한국사양으로부터 1978년부터 1979년에 걸쳐서 123균주를 분리하였다. 분리된 균주중 Penicillium속 16종이 동정되었고, 이 중에서 한 균주만이 Eupenicillium javanicum인 자양균이었다. 이 균의 특징은 엷은 노란색의 폐자기를 가지며 그 크기는 $120\mu에서\;150\mu$ 정도이며, 그 내부에는 자양을 만든다. 자양포자의 구형이고, 반달모양이며 적도판에 골을 형성하고 있으며 그벽은 거친 모양이다. 그 직경은 $2~5\mu$ 정도이었다. 여기서 보고되는 Penicillium속의 모든 종은 한국에서는 미기록종들이다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2011

A representative isolate KU53 of the predominant Penicillium species was obtained from rice samples from rice processing complexes of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation in Korea. In this study, isolate KU53 was identified by its morphological and molecular characteristics. The macro- and microscopic characteristics of isolate KU53 were compared with the P. fellutanum reference isolate KCTC16913 on different media; isolate KU53 was generally identical to those of the reference isolate KCTC16913. In a molecular-based identification, the ${\beta}$-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences of isolate KU53 was most closely related to those of P. fellutanum. Thus, isolate KU53 from stored rice could be identified as P. fellutanum, some isolates of which are known to produce mycotoxin-related metabolites. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of P. fellutanum from stored rice in Korea.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2015

Two new azaphilone derivatives containing 1,3-dioxolane moiety, penidioxolanes A (1) and B (2), were isolated from marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. KCB12C078, together with four known compounds (3-6) by chemical investigation. Compounds 1 - 6 were isolated by combination of silica gel, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and MS techniques. The isolates were evaluated against cancer cell growth inhibition effects and antimicrobial activity.