• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.249-268
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preschooler's temperament on peer play activity, focusing on the mediation of mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors Methods: 1695 mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires on children's temperament and peer play behaviors, and mothers' parenting behaviors. Data were analyzed by regression analyses by SPSS 18.0. Results: First, preschoolers' sociability exerted positive effects on good peer play behaviors(play interaction) and negative effects on the bad peer play behaviors (disruption, disconnection) and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Second, preschoolers' emotionality exerted negative effects on good peer play behaviors and positive effects on the bad peer play behaviors and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Preschoolers' activity exerted positive effects on good peer play behaviors and negative effects on the bad peer play behaviors and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: These findings provide preliminary evidence that mothers' social interaction parenting behavior partially mediate the effects of preschoolers' temperament on peer play behaviors. Implications for the use of intervention targeting specific temperament have been discussed.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.69-86
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to provide a systematic understanding of children's peer initiative and peer acceptance and to offer specific information to increase young children's social competence. Methods: Participants were 235 5-year-old children from six child care centers in Sejong City. The participants were interviewed to measure the peer acceptance of children attending the same class. Also, a survey was conducted on their teachers to measure children's peer initiative and the relationship with them. The collected data were analyzed by hierarchical regression using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results showed that significant main effects of friendly and unfriendly peer-initiatives on peer acceptance were found. The effects of teacher-child relationships and their moderating effects, however, were partial; only main influences of close relationships and the interaction effects between peer-initiatives and close relationships were significant. That is, the relationships between improper initiatives and low acceptance levels among peers were more intense when children established conflict relationships with their teacher. Conclusion/Implications: We found that close teacher-child relationships play moderating roles on the pathway from peer initiative to peer acceptance as a protective risk factor for children.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2021

This review of the literature explored the experiences and effects of peer-assisted learning in basic medical education. Peer-assisted learning is most commonly utilized to teach clinical skills (including technical skills) and medical knowledge (76.4%). It has also been used, albeit less frequently, to facilitate small-group discussions including problem-based learning, to promote students' personal and professional development, to provide mentoring for career development and adaptation to school, to give tutoring to at-risk students, and to implement work-based learning in clinical settings. Near-peer learning is a common type. The use of active learning techniques and digital technology has been increasingly reported. Students' leadership had frequently been described. Student tutor training, programs for teaching skills, institutional support, and assessments have been conducted for effective peer-assisted learning. There is considerable positive evidence that peer-assisted learning is effective in teaching simple clinical skills and medical knowledge for tutees. However, its effects on complex skills and knowledge, small-group discussions, personal and professional development, peer mentoring, and work-based learning have rarely been studied. Additionally, little evidence exists regarding whether peer-assisted learning is effective for student tutors. Further research is needed to develop peer-assisted learning programs and to investigate their learning effects on student tutors, small-group discussion facilitation, personal and professional development, peer mentoring, and peer-led work-based learning in the clinical setting in South Korea. Formal programs and system advancement for a student-led learning culture is needed for effective peer-assisted learning.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.53-64
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• 2016

Objective: This study explored the mediating effects of language development on the influences of young children's media use on positive and negative peer interactions. Methods: The data came from the 2013 Panel Study on Korean Children (N = 1,215) and were analyzed to assess the mediating effects of media use on positive and negative peer interactions, using SEM with the bootstrapping method by means of SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results and Conclusion: The results show that increased media use affects positive and negative peer interactions through language development. This indicates that, while media use does not directly affect positive and negative peer interactions, it appears to increase the difficulty of developing language ability; as the language development worsens, undesirable peer interactions may develop. Thus, language development seems to play an important mediating role between media use and peer interactions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.85-97
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• 2001

This study examined the effects of mother's support and peer acceptance on children's domain specific self-esteem and the moderating effects of best friend's support. The subjects were 272 $4^{th}$ and 349 $8^{th}$ grader in Chin-ju. Data were analyzed by the SAS/PC+ program, including Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression and two-way ANOVA. Findings were that peer acceptance had a higher influence on academic-general self, peer-related self, physical-appearance self, personality self and physical-competence self than did mother's support. Mother's support had a higher influence on home self than did peer acceptance. Best friend's support and mother's support interacted with children's physical-appearance self and physical-competence self. Best friend's support and peer acceptance interacted with student's peer-related self.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.119-130
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction and effects of shame and parent-child communication on children and early adolescents' peer pressure. The subjects of this study were 359 children and early adolescents from 5th grade in elementary school to 2nd grade in middle school (187 boys, and 172 girls) in Daejeon city. The results of this research indicated that gender and age played a significant role on the effects of shame and parent-child communication on peer pressure. Open communication with mothers showed a positive relationship with boys' peer pressure, whereas open communication with father showed a negative relationship with boys' peer pressure. The interaction effects of shame and open-communication with fathers and mothers worked differently on peer pressure across gender and age. Interaction effects of shame and open communication with fathers and mothers were significant for boys, but not for girls. Interaction effect of shame and open communication with mothers was significant for children and adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.67-77
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of teacher-child relationships on children's social behavior and peer preference. The participants were 508 children and 28 head teachers of their classes. Teachers measured the children's social behavior and the teacher-child relationships. Peer preference was measured by peer nomination. The association between prosocial behavior and peer preference was partially mediated by teacher-child conflict. The association between withdrawal, aggression and peer preference was fully mediated by teacher-child conflict. The moderating effects of teacher-child conflict were found between prosocial behavior and peer preference. In addition, teacher-child conflict moderated the association between physical aggression and peer preference.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental abuse and neglect, as well as that of children's peer attachment, on mobile phone dependency. Data were obtained from the Korean Child-Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), and the participants were 1,892 (909 boys, 983 girls) elementary students (5th graders) who had a mobile phone. To measure the variables, this study used such scales as the parental abuse and neglect scale, peer attachment scale, and mobile phone dependency scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and structural equation modeling analysis. The results of the study were as follows: First, parental abuse and neglect had direct negative effects on children's peer attachment; that is, the more parental abuse and neglect, the less children's peer attachment. Second, parental abuse and neglect had direct positive effects on mobile phone dependency; that is, the more parental abuse and neglect, the greater children's mobile phone dependency. However, children's peer attachment did not directly affect mobile phone dependency; that is, children's peer attachment did not have a mediating effect between parental abuse and neglect, and mobile phone dependency. In conclusion, parental abuse and neglect influence children's peer attachment and mobile phone dependency. Thus this study showed that parental abuse and neglect, rather than children's peer attachment, affect children's mobile phone dependency.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2008

This study examined the influence of family risk factors, ego-resilience, and quality of peer relationships on adolescent problem behaviors in a sample of 335 8th grade students (178 boys and 157 girls). They responded to four kinds of questionnaires. Data were analyzed by independent t-tests, correlations, and multiple regressions. Results showed that family risk factors had direct effects on ego-resilience which directly affected quality of peer relationships. Family risk factors, ego-resilience and quality of peer relationships had direct effects on internalizing problem behaviors. Family risk factors and quality of peer relationships had direct effects on externalizing problem behaviors. Family risk factors indirectly influenced adolescent internalizing/externalizing problem behaviors through ego-resilience and quality of peer relationships.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-54
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• 2017

Researchers in marketing, sociology, and economics have been interested in the role of social interactions in consumer choice and consumption behaviors. Social interactions, labeled variously as peer effects, social contagion, and neighborhood effects, have important implications for firms' allocation of marketing efforts. In this research, we test and provide empirical evidence for peer effects in consumers' service usage in the context of gym-going behaviors. Using a detailed individual-level membership and attendance data at one of the largest health club chains in the U.S., we document that a focal member's gym-going behavior is influenced by the behaviors and characteristics of the peers at the same branch