• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.493-500
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• 2012

Background: This study investigated the clinical characteristics and risk factors of the severity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection in pediatric patients in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do. Methods: Cases of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in patients under the age of 18 years, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, at Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital from the last week of August 2009 through the last week of February 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 3,777 confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) 2009, 2,200 (58.2%) were male and 1,577 (41.8%) were female. The average age of the patients was $8.4{\pm}4.8$ years. The total cases peaked during 44th to 46th week. Most of the patients were in the 5- to 9-year-old age group. Oseltamivir was administered to 2,959 (78.3%) of the patients. 221 patients (5.9%) were hospitalized, age an average of $6.7{\pm}4.5$ years. The average duration of hospitalization was $7.4{\pm}5.6$ days. One hundred cases (45.2%) had pneumonia. Risk factors for hospitalization included male gender, <2 years of age, and underlying disease. Children with asthma were at very high risk of hospitalization, over 20 times the non-asthmatic children (odds ratio [OR], 21.684; confidence interval [CI], 13.295~39.791). Likewise the children with neurologic deficits faced a 16 times higher risk (OR, 15.738; CI, 7.961~31.111). Ten of the patients (4.5%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and eight (3.6%) required mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Of the pediatric patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009, most of the patients were in the 5- to 9-year-old age group. Risk factors for hospitalization included male gender, <2 years of age, and underlying disease. The most common complication was pneumonia. The very high risk of severe morbidity in children with asthma or neurologic disease shows the critical importance of targeted vaccine coverage, special awareness and swift care by both guardians and primary care providers.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-85
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• 2006

A nationwide survey on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was undertaken among members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The members were required to complete a questionnaire and the case registration form for each patient during the three-year period from July 2001 to June 2004. Eighty one patients were included in the questionnaire, but only 71 patients were registered from 22 members in 16 hospitals. At the same time survey on focal intestinal perforation (FIP) was undertaken and 17 patients were registered from 11 members in 10 hospitals. Total 19,041 newborns were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit during the study period. Eighty one patients (17.27 %) were underwent surgery among 469 babies who were managed under the impression of NEC. The male to female ratio was 2.1:1. The premature were 60.6 %. The most common site of involvement was ileum. Overall and operation survival of NEC were 72 % and 79 %, respectively. The survival was lower in smaller babies, multiple segments involvement and involvement of both the small and large intestine. But there was no difference in survival according to sex or prematurity. The FIP showed very similarity with NEC in terms of incidence, and the age of diagnosis and operation. But the survival was much better and 100 %. The results showed the clinical characteristics of NEC and the trend of management in NEC in Korea. In the future we hope we can discuss about this topic in prospective manner.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1955-1960
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• 2014

Background: This study was performed to determine the experiences of nursing students in caring for paediatric cancer patients and their families. Materials and Methods: This qualitative survey was carried out with 14 students studying in the nursing department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university in Edirne, Turkey. Data were obtained through focus group interviews and evaluated based on a qualitative content analysis. Results: It was determined that students, for the most part, experienced problems related to communication, sadness, helplessness, fear, anxiety, resentment and anger. In addition, the students were affected most often by effects of the disease and invasive procedures on paediatric cancer patients and their families during the process of caring for them in the oncology clinic. Conclusions: It would be useful to inform nursing students, prior to clinical practice, about the special needs of paediatric cancer patients and families who stay in oncology clinics, and to follow up with appropriate guidance during the clinical practices.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2007

In the early neonatal period, the neonate is challenged by the loss of the placental calcium transport and manifests a quick transition, from an environment in which PTHrP plays an important role to a PTH- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-controlled neonatal milieu. Disturbances in mineral homeostasis are common in the neonatal period, especially in premature infants and infants who are hospitalized in an intensive care unit. In many cases these disturbances are thought to be exaggerated responses to the normal physiological transition from the intrauterine environment to neonatal independence. Some disturbances in calcium and phosphate homeostasis are the result of genetic defects, which in many instances can now be identified at the molecular level. Although fetus develop remarkably normally in the presence of maternal calcium, PTH and vitamin D deficiency, the neonates demonstrate abnormalities that are consequences of the prior abnormal maternal calcium homeostasis. Evaluation and management of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in neonate requires specific knowledge of perinatal mineral physiology and the unique clinical and biochemical features of newborn mineral metabolism.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2006

Inguinal hernia is the most common disease treated by the pediatric surgeon. There are several controversial aspects of management 1)the optimal timing of surgical repair, especially for preterm babies, 2)contralateral groin exploration during repair of a clinically unilateral hernia, 3)use of laparoscope in contralateral groin exploration, 4)timing of surgical repair of cord hydrocele, 5)perioperative pain control, 6)perioperative management of anemia. In this survey, we attempted to determine the approach of members of KAPS to these aspects of hernia treatment. A questionnaire by e-mail or FAX was sent to all members. The content of the questionnaire were adapted from the "American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Surgery hernia survey revisited (J Pediatr Surg 40, 1009-1014, 2005)". For full-term male baby, most surgeons (85.7 %) perform an elective operation as soon as diagnosis was made. For reducible hernia found in ex-preterm infants already discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), 76.2 % of surgeons performed an elective repair under general anesthesia (85.8 %). 42.9 % of the surgeons performed the repair just before discharge. For same-day surgery for the ex-premature baby, the opinion was evenly divided. For an inguinal hernia with a contralateral undescended testis in a preterm baby, 61.9 % of surgeons choose to 'wait and see' until 12 month of age. The most important consideration in deciding the timing of surgery of inguinal hernia in preterm baby was the existence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (82.4 %), episode of apnea/bradycardia on home monitoring (70.6 %). Most surgeons do not explore the contralateral groin during unilateral hernia repair. Laparoscope has not been tried. Most surgeons do not give perioperative analgesics or blood transfusion.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 2002

Purpose : We intended to find out how the red cell transfusion would change the white cell count in preterm neonates under treatment in the intensive care unit. We also speculated whether the magnitude of such a change could indicate a potential neonatal infection. Methods : Total white blood cell count, total neutrophil count, and band count were compared and analyzed retrospectively on 33 preterm neonates who received red cell transfusions in our hospital's intensive care unit over a period of two years and a month. Results : We found a mean change of $1.33{\times}10^3/mm^3$ and $0.55{\times}10^3/mm^3$ in total white blood cell count and total neutrophil count in the first eight hours following the red cell transfusion. No significant change was observed in band count between pre and post-red cell transfusion. Conclusion : A mild increase in the white blood cell count caused by an increase in neutrophil count was observed temporarily following the red cell transfusion. But the white blood cell count returned to the pre-transfusion level in about 24 hours, indicating that such a low level of increase cannot be interpreted as an infection of a preterm neonate.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.8
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• pp.284-290
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• 2020

Korea currently has the world's lowest birth rate but a rapidly inreasing number of preterm infants. The Korean Neonatal Network (KNN), launched by the Korean Society of Neonatology under the support of Korea Centers for Disease Control, has collected population-based data for very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) born in Korea since 2013. In terms of the short-term outcomes of VLBWIs born from 2013 to 2016 registered in the KNN, the survival rate of all VLBWIs was 86%. Respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were observed in 78% and 30% of all VLBWIs, respectively. Necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in 7%, while 8% of the VLBWIs needed therapy for retinopathy of prematurity in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Sepsis occurred in 21% during their NICU stay. Intraventricular hemorrhage (grade ≥III) was diagnosed in 10%. In terms of the long-term outcomes for VLBWIs born from 2013 to 2014 registered in the KNN, the post-discharge mortality rate was approximately 1.2%-1.5%, mainly owing to their underlying illness. Nearly half of the VLBWIs were readmitted to the hospital at least once in their first 1-2 years of life, mostly as a result of respiratory diseases. The overall prevalence of cerebral palsy was 6.2%-6.6% in Korea. Bilateral blindness was reported in 0.2%-0.3% of VLBWIs, while bilateral hearing loss was found in 0.8%-1.9%. Since its establishment, the KNN has published annual reports and papers that facilitate the improvement of VLBWI outcome and the formulation of essential healthcare policies in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.317-318
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to design and develop the circuit of the dual mode syringe pump. Syringe pump is used in intensive care unit, delivery room, pediatric room, operating theater and other fields of hospital at present. Normally the syringe pump delivers one medicine in one case, but in case of intensive care unit, it is necessary to deliver more than two kinds of medicines at a time. Therefore we have designed dual mode syringe pump. We used RISC type microcontroller, PIC17C44 as master controller, and PIC16C73 as slave cpu using for the low power consumption. The performance of system is evaluated by analysis of the linearity and accuracy which is the most important factors in application. While the proposed system shows a acceptable linearity and accuracy, a further research about reducing the errorr should be done.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2012

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Life-threatening RSV infection is often reported in young children and immunocompromised hosts. Since there is no report on ribavirin therapy for RSV pneumonia in pediatric cancer patients in Korea, we report one case of RSV pneumonia that developed in an infant with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite administration of oral ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient's respiratory distress worsened and admission to an intensive care unit was necessary. Chest x-ray showed multifocal consolidation, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. Treatment with aerosolized ribavirin led to significant clinical improvement. The role of aerosolized ribavirin is still controversial, but it might have a therapeutic potential for severe RSV pneumonia in children with leukemia.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.260-271
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• 2002

This study was performed to identify the level of stress recognized by the parents as a support system for their infant patients who were hospitalized in an emergency department, thus to provide the resulting data as the basic material of care intervention for the families of infant patients. This study subjected the parents with infant patients who were hospitalized in emergency department of C University Hospital in Daejeon, and the data was collected from questionnaires for them, dating from Mar. 20, to Jun. 24, 2001 This study used the tool(30 questions) which was originally developed by Ji, Dong-ok (1992) for measuring the stress of families of infant patients in emergency room, and then was modified and complemented by this researcher suitably for infant patients. Collected data was statistically analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, by using SPSS WIN10.0 program, and the results were as follows: 1. The stress of parents with infant patients hospitalized in emergency department averaged 3.31 on the basis of 5-point measure, which means that they felt stress beyond means. 2. The factor with high average out of stress factors the parents of infant patients recognized included the followings: 'about the pain of infant patients due to examination(3.91±1.00)'; 'about rare opportunity to be in contact with physician(3.78±1.09)'; 'delay in emergent treatment required for infant patients(3.75±1.31)'; 'delay in the general treatment of infant patients(3.72±1.32)'. Factors of the stress level includes the followings: 'care and medical treatment'(3.46±.72); 'body and diseases'(3.41±.97)'; 'lack of information and supportable resources (3.25±.77)'; and so on. 3. For the stress level according to general characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in the result of the condition of infant patients, medical treatment(P<.01), religion, the procedure of treatment(P<.05). With little preceding studies for infant patients hospitalized in emergency department, this study looked through the level of stress recognized by the parents of infant patients. Based on the comprehension on the parents with infant patients and the knowledge on stress factors recognized by the parents, it is expected that we can seek the methods of care intervention such as explanation of care and treatment procedures, unit policies, continuous interest and emotional supports as well as the provision of information to understand the responses of parents and reduce accompanied stresses.