• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pedestrian LOS

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Improvement of Analysis Method for Pedestrian LOS on Sidewalk in Seoul (서울시 보도의 보행 LOS 진단 및 분석방법 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Shin-Hae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 2012
  • Korean Highway Capacity Manual (KHCM) has been used when we analyze the pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) of a pedestrian facility. However, the pedestrian LOS by KHCM is largely insensitive to pedestrian congestion levels. The objective of this study is to identify the source of this problem within the KHCM calculation method, and to propose an improved method using the case study from Seoul. Based on KHCM results, the pedestrian LOS is A for more than 90% of the Seoul region, which seems to be unrealistic. On the other hand, this study includes an effective adjustment parameter using the absolute value of effective sidewalk width. Using this method, results shows some changes including newly identified areas of LOS C and LOS D. The analysis of pedestrian LOS is carried out for the entire metropolitan region of Seoul in order to evaluate area wide pedestrian level of service in Seoul.

A Study on Enhancement Methods of Level of Service Analysis for Pedestrian Sidewalks (보행자도로 서비스 수준 분석방법 개선 연구)

  • Kim, Eungcheol;Choi, Eun Jin;Yang, Joo Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 2015
  • Currently, level of service(LOS) analysis methods for pedestrian sidewalks are provided in Korean Highway Capacity Manual(KHCM, 2013). However, conventional methods provided in the KHCM produce most of pedestrian sidewalks' LOS as level A, indicating that existing analysis methods are unable to reflect realistic pedestrian sidewalks' LOS. The objectives of this research are to identify the suitability of current LOS criteria and to propose improved LOS evaluation criteria and methods with pedestrian volume data carried out for 10,000 sites in 2009. This research proposes new criteria by using the qualitative definition of LOS proposed by Fruin and Hall, new standard Korean human scale and new criteria of pedestrian occupancy space. Application results of new criteria show that more realistic results can be achieved than the existing methods. It is expected that applying the newly developed criteria and methods can make planning, design and construction of pedestrian sidewalks more realistic and various.

An Improved LOS Analysis Method for Pedestrian Walkways Using Pedestrian Space (보행 점유공간을 이용한 보행자도로 서비스수준 분석방법론 개선 연구)

  • JUN, Sung Uk;SON, Yonug Tae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.168-179
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    • 2016
  • This study describes an improved model for estimating pedestrian LOS (Level of Service) by utilizing the space occupied by pedestrians. The method introduced the concept of conflict along the bi-directional pedestrian flow which enables calculating conflict area and average travel time in walking. Especially, the method incorporates the idea of generalized density concept which can consider effective walking area and pedestrian flow rates that might vary during the analysis period. After establishing methodology, adjustments of pedestrian LOS criteria in term of walking space occupied by pedestrians were performed. As a result, walking-occupied space at capacity level is 0.68 and corresponding pedestrian flow rate was calculated as 80 persons/min/m, while different pedestrian-occupied spaces were ordered to classify LOS at the points where the gradient changes. Furthermore, the statistical verification of service levels has shown that there is significant difference among all LOS categories at 5% significance level.

Determination of Key Factors for the Pedestrian LOS Introducing the Accessibility Index (접근성 지표를 도입한 보행로 서비스 수준의 영향요인 규명)

  • CHOI, Sung Taek;CHOO, Sang Ho;JANG, Jin Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.584-597
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    • 2015
  • A considerable amount of literature has been published on pedestrian LOS. So far, however, there is a limitation that LOS analysis methodologies has concentrated on quantitative variables such as pedestrian flow rate, speed and space. This paper intended to suggest the accessibility variable which can not be considered on previous study. The factor was defined and quantified using public transport attributes in particular. This study was carried out in three phases: 1. defined accessibility employing public mode location and service information. 2. investigated the relationship between accessibility and pedestrian flow rate 3. developed the model to establish the factors affected to pedestrian LOS. The results showed that accessibility, walkway attribute and land use type affected the pedestrian LOS. Especially, accessibility and commercial area ratio had negative relationship with LOS. Futhermore, pedestrian LOS declined when obstacle of bus station located on the walkway. On the contrary, LOS was upgraded when sufficient effective width or residential area was secured. These results can receive considerable critical attentions related to determination of pedestrian LOS or effective walkway width.

Design Criteria of Traffic Island Considering Pedestrian LOS (보행자 서비스 수준을 고려한 교통섬 설계기준 연구)

  • Park, Byung Ho;Beak, Tae Hun;Jung, Yong Il
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2012
  • The objective of this study is to develop the design criteria of traffic island considering pedestrian level of service (LOS). In pursuing the above, this study gives particular emphasis to suggesting the minimum design space of traffic island in order to maintain pedestrian LOS C and D, and the critical pedestrian traffic volume that reflects the intersection geometry (2 lanes per direction) through the simulation analysis. The main results are as follows. First, the spaces of 160 traffic islands, which meet the pedestrian LOS C and D and reflects the pedestrian traffic volume by signal cycle, are drawn by using a commercial simulator VISSIM. The relevant spaces of traffic island in terms of both the pedestrian LOS and the pedestrian traffic volume are evaluated to range from $3.0m^2$ to $41m^2$. Second, the critical pedestrian traffic volume for the operation of traffic island is evaluated to be 1,000-1,300 person/hour at LOS C and 1,600-1,800 person/hour at LOS D, respectively, when a cycle of 120-150 seconds were applied to a intersection with two lanes per direction.

A study on a new Level of Service (LOS) for a pedestrian facility in a transportation transfer center (대도시권 대중교통 환승센터의 이동편의시설 서비스수준에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Eun;Kim, Si-Gon;Jang, Byung-Man
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.1768-1776
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    • 2007
  • This paper suggests a new Level of Service (LOS) for a pedestrian facility in a transportation transfer center. They include the road, stair, and waiting place for a pedestrian. A current situation of several pedestrian facility was surveyed for the existing transportation transfer center at both Seoul and Pusan metropolitan cities. A new LOS was developed based on the output according to foreign criteria as well as an interview of pedestrians for their satisfaction.

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A Study on Level of Service of Pedestrian Facility in Transfer Stations at Urban Railroad (도시철도 환승역의 환승보행시설의 서비스수준에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Seong-Yong;Han, Sung-Yoeb;Kim, Si-Gon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.339-348
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    • 2010
  • The government continues to make efforts to improve effectiveness, integration and connectivity of public transportation systems. But there have been only a few studies about it. This paper addresses the quality evaluation of pedestrian facility service in transfer stations at urban railroad. LOS (Level Of Service) model of urban railroad by facility based on the body ellipse and density recalculated considering the recent Korean body standard and the suggested Pedestrian Moving Equivalent (PME) and Pedestrian Waiting Equivalent (PWE). For LOS model for the ticket booths and ticket vending machines, queuing theory has been applied to determine LOS of Pedestrians. And the importance weights among the pedestrian facilities is obtained by applying AHP analysis. Lastly, this paper shows and discusses the evaluation results of overall LOS of pedestrian facilities of five urban railroad transfer stations in Seoul.

A Study of Walkway Level of service reckon with Pedestrian Characteristic on Complex-transit center (복합환승센터 인근 보행자도로의 시간대별 보행특성을 고려한 서비스수준에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Gwang-Seon;Choe, Byeong-Mu;Geum, Gi-Jeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 2010
  • The walkway level of service (LOS) is conceptualized using pedestrian flow rate, speed, and density according to the Korean Highway Capacity Manual (KHCM). However, as it is based on the data of commuters at peak hours, it needs to be reevaluated considering various trip purposes and a pleasant pedestrian environment. Thus, the authors aimed to investigate and analyze the characteristics of each group: pedestrians during the peak hour and those during the non-peak hour. Then they were verified statistically for the walkway evaluation criteria. In this study, the authors investigated pedestrian speed and flow in a complex transit center walkway with diverse trip purposes by peak and non-peak hour. Then the authors statistically verified the differences between the groups. A model was built for estimating pedestrian density by speed and flow; it was used to calculate the walkway capacity (67.3p/m/m) corresponding to LOS E. The authors established new criteria for LOS, applying the LOS from the HCM. These standards can then be used as the design standards for pedestrian walkways.

Assessment of the New Capacity and LOS of Transfer Facilities in the High-speed Railway Stations (고속철도역 환승시설 용량 및 서비스수준 산정 방안)

  • Kim, Jonghae;Kim, Sigon;Lee, Kyung-no
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.5D
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    • pp.735-740
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    • 2008
  • The Design manual for adjusting the capacity and LOS of facilities has been shared in urban railways and high-speed railway stations. However, the pattern of urban railways users and those of high-speed railway users are different from each other. For an example, the high-speed railway users tend to carry voluminous luggages and the transportation disadvantaged such as children and the elderlies. Accordingly, we see that the scale of facilities and the station itself should be constructed differently. The transfer facilities in the high-speed railway stations are classified widely into walking assisting facilities and convenient facilities. We invented the concept of PME (Pedestrian Moving Equivalent) and PWE (Pedestrian Waiting Equivalent)for the spatial calculation of those who are with wheeled luggages, back packs, and children to reflect the uniqueness of users in high-speed railway stations. These equivalents have been applied to the design of the facilities to asses the new Capacity and LOS that are users' favored.

Inferring Pedestrian Level of Service for Pathways through Electrodermal Activity Monitoring

  • Lee, Heejung;Hwang, Sungjoo
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.1247-1248
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    • 2022
  • Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, it has become crucial to analyze the various volumes and characteristics of pedestrian pathways to understand the capacity and level of service (LOS) for pathways to promote a better walking environment. Different indicators have been developed to measure pedestrian volume. The pedestrian level of service (PLOS), tailored to analyze pedestrian pathways based on the concept of the LOS in transportation in the Highway Capacity Manual, has been widely used. PLOS is a measurement concept used to assess the quality of pedestrian facilities, from grade A (best condition) to grade F (worst condition), based on the flow rate, average speed, occupied space, and other parameters. Since the original PLOS approach has been criticized for producing idealistic results, several modified versions of PLOS have also been developed. One of these modified versions is perceived PLOS, which measures the LOS for pathways by considering pedestrians' awareness levels. However, this method relies on survey-based measurements, making it difficult to continuously deploy the technique to all the pathways. To measure PLOS more quantitatively and continuously, researchers have adopted computer vision technologies to automatically assess pedestrian flows and PLOS from CCTV videos. However, there are drawbacks even with this method because CCTVs cannot be installed everywhere, e.g., in alleyways. Recently, a technique to monitor bio-signals, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), through wearable sensors that can measure physiological responses to external stimuli (e.g., when another pedestrian passes), has gained popularity. It has the potential to continuously measure perceived PLOS. In their previous experiment, the authors of this study found that there were many significant EDA responses in crowded places when other pedestrians acting as external stimuli passed by. Therefore, we hypothesized that the EDA responses would be significantly higher in places where relatively more dynamic objects pass, i.e., in crowded areas with low PLOS levels (e.g., level F). To this end, the authors conducted an experiment to confirm the validity of EDA in inferring the perceived PLOS. The EDA of the subjects was measured and analyzed while watching both the real-world and virtually created videos with different pedestrian volumes in a laboratory environment. The results showed the possibility of inferring the amount of pedestrian volume on the pathways by measuring the physiological reactions of pedestrians. Through further validation, the research outcome is expected to be used for EDA-based continuous measurement of perceived PLOS at the alley level, which will facilitate modifying the existing walking environments, e.g., constructing pathways with appropriate effective width based on pedestrian volume. Future research will examine the validity of the integrated use of EDA and acceleration signals to increase the accuracy of inferring the perceived PLOS by capturing both physiological and behavioral reactions when walking in a crowded area.

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