• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2004

This study was carried out to reduce the loss of frozen dough quality during frozen storage. Using response surface method, ascorbic acid 160.4 ppm, L-cysteine 63.1 ppm, and SSL 0.6% were found to be optimum, with xanthan gum 0.3% (formula A) and Ultra tex-3 5% (formula B) added as cryoprotectants. During frozen storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, control rapidly deteriorated after 4 weeks, while formulas A and B showed slight deterioration with immutable quality after 10 weeks.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.324-332
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to examine if transient transfection of CAR can transactivate CYP2B1 PBRU reporter gene in COS cells in which the endogenous CYP2B1 gene is not induced by PB. In non-transfeced cells of both Hep G2 and COS, the endogeneous expression of CAR was not detected by antibody against CAR. When cultured cells were transfected with CAR expression plasmid, mCAR1-GFP, both cell types expressed high levels of CAR protein and could allow to examine the effect of CAR in PBRU transactivation. Both cell types expressed endogenous RXR and transfection of RXR expression plasmid dramatically increased its protein expression. Whereas CAR transactivated PBRU2C1Luciferase about 12 fold as compared to 2C1Luciferase in Hep G2 cells, it did not stimulate the luciferase activity of the PBRU reporter gene in COS cells. These results indicate that Hep G2 cells can respond to CAR differently from COS cells, and suggest that factors other than CAR and RXR may be required in inducing PBRU activation and the expression of these factors may be different between liver and kidney.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.717-722
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• 2010

The safety of animal feed was evaluated by analyzing the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Se and Ag) in cattle, swine, and poultry feeds and the levels of Cu, Zn and P in swine feed. Feeds used in the analysis were produced in Korea from 2004 through the first half of 2007. The results of the study revealed that, with the exception of Cd, the concentration of heavy metals were much lower than the Minimum Regulation Levels (MRLs). However, the Cd concentration exceeded the MRL in 1 of 987 swine feed samples in 2005, as well as in 4 of 1,239 swine feed samples and 1 of 778 poultry feed samples in 2006. The levels of Cu, Zn and P in swine feed were compared with the swine breeding standard. The results of this analysis revealed that the Cu concentrations in the samples exceeded the MRL for growing pigs by 0.97%, and that for finishing and breeding pigs by 9.9%. In addition, the Cu levels (80.98 ppm for piglet, 44.82 ppm for growing pigs, 19 ppm for finishing and breeding pigs) in swine feed showed higher levels compared to 3.5-6.0 ppm, which is the Cu requirement for swine. Furthermore, the results of the Zn analysis revealed that the samples exceeded the MRL for piglets, growing pigs, and finishing and breeding pigs by 5.7%, 7.7%, and 9.3%, respectively. Finally, the average concentration of P in swine feed was 0.74%, which is almost the same as the phosphate requirement for swine.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.296-301
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• 2014

Rotavirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children in developed and developing countries. The use of probiotics for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases is both safe and easily accessible. In this study, we evaluated the anti-rotaviral activities of probiotic mixtures in a Sprague-Dawley rat. 24 litters with their dams were randomly assigned to four groups; placebo, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and two probiotic mixture (PRO-1 and PRO-2) groups. All rats were inoculated with rotavirus at dose of 8 log plaque forming units per rat at 5 days old. Animals in the PRO-1 and PRO-2 groups were orally administered probiotic mixtures 1 or 2, respectively, at a dose of 8 log colony forming units daily during 4 days. For control purposes, placebo and PBS groups were orally administered the same amount of placebo (containing maltose and polydextrose) or PBS once daily for 4 days, respectively. Antiviral analysis was performed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and observing intestinal villi. As a result, weights of small intestines were greater in the PRO-1, PRO-2 groups than in control groups. Villi were short and villous epithelial necrosis was exhibited in control groups, but these morphological changes were not observed in PRO-1, PRO-2 treated rats. RT-qPCR analysis showed that VP7 gene level of rotavirus in fecal samples and small intestinal epithelial cells were lower in the PRO-1 and PRO-2 groups. These findings suggest that probiotic mixtures may be useful probiotics for the treatment of or as alternative therapies for rotaviral gastroenteritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1336-1342
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• 2017

The study examined and compared the physicochemical and characteristics of various rice brand varieties and private brand products on the market. The moisture content in the proximate composition of rice was 15.67~17.03%, crude protein content was 5.73~6.30%, crude lipid content was 0.38~0.95%, and crude ash content was 0.23~0.56 %. Ilmi and Ilpum had high moisture content, whereas Gosihikkari and Hopyeong had high crude protein content. In the Hunter's color value of rice flour, L value was 96.76~97.27, a value was -1.63~-0.63, and b value was 2.00~2.60. The WAI was 1.21~1.39, WSI was 0.63~0.93%, and amylose content was 14.63~20.86%, respectively; Gosihikkari and Ilmi showed the lowest values. The X-ray diffraction patterns of rice flours of all varieties showed an A shape. For the amylogram properties of rice flour, initial pasting temperature was $59.57{\sim}63.23^{\circ}C$, maximum viscosity was 569.00~718.67 B.U. (Brabender Units), breakdown was 303.00~423.67 B.U., and setback was 212.67~265.33 B.U.. For differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) of rice flour, onset temperature was $54.66{\sim}58.63^{\circ}C$, peak temperature was $65.87{\sim}68.14^{\circ}C$, end temperature was $73.37{\sim}75.54^{\circ}C$, and enthalpy was 1.98~2.95 cal/g. The rice varieties with high internal density and initial pasting temperature as well as low crude protein content, WAI, amylose content, and setback can be classified as good. Gosihikkari in Gyeonggi Province, Ilmi and Hopyeong in Jeollanam-do, and Samgwang in Chungcheongnam-do are among them.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of electric fusion methods on cell fusion rate and embryo development by somatic cell nuclear transfer in Korean Native Cattle. The KNC ear cell was cultured in vitro for confluence in serum starvation condition(DMEM＋0.05％ FBS) for cell confluence. The zona pellucida of IVM oocytes were partially dissection using micro pipette. Ear cells were transferred into an enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed embryos were electrically fused with Zimmermann Cell Fusion Medium(ZCFM). Nuclear transfer embryos were activated with a combination of 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ calcium ionophore(5 min) and 2.0mM 6-DMAP(3 hr). The activated embryos were cultured in CR1 -aa medium contains 0.3％ BSA or 10％ FBS at 37$^{\circ}C$, 90％ $N_2$, and 5％ $CO_2$in incubator for 6 days. The fusion rates were 51.6％(chamber) and 68.9％(needle), respectively and there were significantly difference between the fusion method(P<0.05). But, lysis rates were not significantly different(10.7％, 11.5％), respectively. The cleavage rates were significantly different between the chamber method(73.2％) and needle method(80.3％), respectively(P<0.05). The rates of early embryos(2∼4cells) and blastocysts of chamber and needle methods were 54.1％, 61.1％ and 18.4％, 26.3％ respectively, and needle method was significantly higher than chamber method(P<0.05). But, morulae formation rate were not significantly differences between the chamber(6.7％) and needle(6.2) method(P <0.05). These result suggest that electric fusion of needle method was to be profitable for nuclear transfer embryo fusion rate, blastocyst formation rate and reduce of oocyte lysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.483-490
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• 2009

The aims of this study were to evaluate the removal efficiency for various pollutants in urban storm runoff by a filtration device, and to determine design parameters depending on filter media properties. Appropriate selection of filter media will affect the size and life time of the filtration device. Sets of column tests were performed in order to evaluate the removal efficiency by perlite and a synthetic resin. An investigation of surface properties including CEC (cation exchange capacity) and zeta-potential suggested that the perlite had a superior adsorption capability for cationic pollutants. TCODcr and turbidity were analyzed to investigate the removal characteristic of particulate pollutant. In both columns, the particles in the collected storm runoff was almost completely capture with a small EBCT (empty bed contact time) of 2.5 minutes. Complete clogging at the EBCT of 2.5 minutes occurred after 630 minutes in the perlite column and 810 minutes in the resin column. The removal efficiency of TCODcr and turbidity at the EBCT of 2.5 minutes decreased to below 70% due to an wall effect. The removal efficiency for dissolved pollutant (SCODcr) was negligible due to the insufficient contact time for adsorption. The removal of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) was mostly ascribed to the filtration of particles containing metals, since the relationship between CEC and the removal efficiency was not apparent. The result of this study would be valuable for the application of filtration device to control of urban storm runoff.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effects of electric stimulation conditions on in vitro developmental ability of procine embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer, The porcine ear cell was cultured in vifro for confluency in serum-starvation condition (TCM-199＋0.5% FBS) for cell confluency. The zona pellucida of IVM oocytes were partially drilled using laser system. Single somatic cell was individually transferred into the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed embryos were electrically fused with 0.3M mannitol. After electric fusion, the embryos were activated and cultured in NCSU-23 medium containing 10% FBS at 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 6 to 8 days. Nuclear transferred(NT) oocytes which fused at a field strength of 1.90kv/cm showed a higher (P<0.05) fusion rate(49.5%, 50/101) compared to 2.10 kv/cm(25.8%, 24/93) or 2.50kv/cm(30.3%, 27/89). After electric activation, the cleavage rate of NT embryos was 48.0(24/50), 66.6(16/24) and 70.3% (19/27), respectively and these were not different. There was no significant difference in fusion rate by duration and pulse of electric stimulation. In cleavage rate, however, more NT embryos(76.3%, 45/59) cleaved at 60 $\mu$sec twice than other embryos(49.1 to 56.5%) with different conditions of electric stimulation(P<0.05). NT embryos activated at a field strength of 1.50kv/cm showed a higher developmental rate(9.8%, 5/51) than those embryos activated at 1.25kv/cm(0%) or parthenotes(6.4%, 7/109). These results suggest that some factors such as field strength, duration and pulse of electric stimulation could be affected to in vitro developmental ability of nuclear transplanted porcine embryos.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

To choose a organic acid and in-organic acid composite which is the most effective in soil-flushing process cleaning lead-contaminated sites, lead removal rates were investigated in the experiments with some organic acids; 0.01M of EDTA showed the highest lead-extraction rate ($69.4\%$) compared to the other organic acids. Furthermore, the lead removal rates were measured with 0.01M of EDIA and 0.1M of in-organic acid ; a EDTA and boric acid composite showed the highest lead-extraction rate ($68.8\%$) at pH5 compared to the other composites. As the concentration of boric acid was increased from 0.1M to 0.4M in a 0.01M of EDTA and boric acid composite, lead removal rate was decreased from $68\%\;to\;45\%$. But as the concentration of EDTA was increased from 0.01M to 0.04M in a EDTA and 0.1M of boric acid composite, permeability was decreased from $6.98{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec$ (0.01M of EDTA) to $5.99{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec$ (0.04M of EDTA). However, permeability was increased from $4.41{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec$ (0.03M of EDTA) to $6.26{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec$ (0.03M of EDTA and 0.1M of boric acid composite). indicating EDTA could increase lead dissolution/extraction rate and decrease permeability. In this system, lead remediation rate is the function of lead dissolution rate from soils and permeability of the composite into soils, and the optimized [EDTA]/[Boric acid] ratio is [0.01M]/[0.1M].

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.245-254
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the supplemental alkali feldspar-ilite(feldspar) on growth performance and meat quality in broiler ducks for 43 days. One hundred eighty broiler ducks were divided into 5 groups of 12ducks. Dietary levels of feldspar 0, 0+antibiotics, 0.5, 1.0 and $1.5\%$ were added to experimental diets of each of the groups. Daily weight gain was slightly increased in 1.0 and $1.5\%$ feldspar treatments. Feed intake was slightly increased at all feldspar treatments. Glucose concentration of serum profile was decreased whereas BUN concentration was significantly increased (p<0.05) at $0.5\%$ feldspar. Cholesterol concentration was decreased at all feldspar treatments, this difference was especially observed in supplemental levels of $0.5\%$ feldspar(p<0.05). Carcass weight was increased at all feldspar treatments. Moisture and crude fat contents of proximate chemical composition in duck meat were decreased at all feldspar treatment, this difference especially was observed in supplemental levels of $1.5\%$ feldspar(p<0.05) on crude fat content. Lightness and yellowness was increased at all feldspar treatment. Cholesterol contents and TBA in meat were decreased, but this parameters were not difference by feldspar treatment. The composition of saturated fatty acids(SFA) was decreased, whereas unsaturated fatty acids(USFA) was slightly increased by feldspar treatment. The Pb content of heavy metal concentrations was increased with compared control, but not difference. The appearance of sensory evaluation was improved by supplemental feldspar, especially in supplemental feldspar, 1.0 and $1.5\%$(p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that the supplemental alkali feldspar may improve the production and meat quality of broiler ducks.