• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2004

A cDNA microarray experiment is one of the most useful high-throughput experiments in medical informatics for monitoring gene expression levels. Statistical analysis with a cDNA microarray medical data requires a normalization procedure to reduce the systematic errors that are impossible to control by the experimental conditions. Despite the variety of normalization methods, this. paper suggests a more general and synthetic normalization algorithm with a control gene set based on previous studies of normalization. Iterative normalization method was used to select and include a new control gene set among the whole genes iteratively at every step of the normalization calculation initiated with the housekeeping genes. The objective of this iterative normalization was to maintain the pattern of the original data and to keep the gene expression levels stable. Spatial plots, M&A (ratio and average values of the intensity) plots and box plots showed a convergence to zero of the mean across all genes graphically after applying our iterative normalization. The practicability of the algorithm was demonstrated by applying our method to the data for the human photo aging study.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2009

In a technological driven environment, a depreciation estimate which is based on traditional life analysis results in a decelerated rate of capital recovery. This time pattern of technological growths models needs to be incorporated into life analysis framework especially in those industries experiencing fast technological changes. The approximation technique for calculating the variance can be applied to the six growth models that were selected by the degree of skewness and the transformation of the functions. For the Pearl growth model, the Gompertz growth model, and the Weibull growth model, the errors have zero mean and a constant variance over time. However, transformed models like the linearized Fisher-Pry model, the linearized Gompertz growth model, and the linearized Weibull growth model have increasing variance from zero to that point at which inflection occurs. It can be recommended that if the variance of error over time is increasing, then a transformation of observed data is appropriate.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2012

Among others, a question that has long been unanswered is why the seasonal variation of volume transport is larger in the Soya and Korea/Tsushima Straits than in the Tsugaru Strait. An attempt is made to answer this question in terms of the island rule with friction being taken into account. The problem is idealized as a simple model. The model results indicate that volume transport through a channel is determined not only by the circulation created around the adjacent island but also by those created around the neighboring islands farther away. The latter is due to the presence of bottom friction in the channels. The volume transports through the Korea/Tsushima, Tsugaru and Soya Straits estimated from the model using observed wind data show the general pattern of observed seasonality, although they contain large errors associated with the uncertain frictional parameter employed in the model. The model indicates that the observed seasonality arises essentially from the fact that wind stress curl changes its sign, from negative in the summer to positive in winter, following a large fluctuation of zero-stress curl latitude east of Hokkaido.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.72.3-73
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• 2021

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) are caused by acoustic density waves in the early universe and act as a standard ruler in the clustering pattern of galaxies in the late Universe. Measuring the BAO feature in the 2-point correlation function of a sample of galaxies allows us to estimate cosmological distances to the galaxies mean redshift, , which is important for testing and constraining the cosmology model. The BAO feature is also expected to appear in the higher order statistics. In this work we measure the generalized spatial N-point point correlation functions up to 4th order. We made measurements of the 2, 3, and 4-point correlation functions in the SDSS-III DR12 CMASS data, comprising of 777,202 galaxies. The errors and covariances matrices were estimated from 500 mock catalogues. We created a theoretical model for these statistics by measuring the N-point functions in halo catalogues produced by the approximate Lagrangian perturbation theory based simulation code, PINOCCHIO. We created simulations using initial conditions with and without the BAO feature. We find that the BAO is detected to high significance up to the 4-point correlation function.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1941-1946
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• 2009

무선 센서 네트워크는 사람을 대신해 다양한 환경에서 감시와 정보수집 역할을 수행한다. 센서네트워크는 제한된 하드웨어 자원과 낮은 무선 네트워크 대역폭을 사용한다. 이러한 특성은 통신 중 높은 에러율을 발생시키며 데이터 신뢰도 향상을 위한 오류정정 기법의 필요성이 높다. 센서노드의 환경에 따른 CRC 에러와 패턴에 대한 연구는 오류정정 기법의 적절한 기법 선택을 위한 자료가 된다. 본 논문에서는 실내환경에서 시스템 구성시 데이터 전송률에 영향을 미치는 전송주기와 센서 노드간의 거리, 전송 패킷의 크기, RF의 크기에 대한 실험을 실시한다. 실험한 결과를 바탕으로 시스템 구성에서 고려해야 하는 요소를 알아본다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2016

This paper is the first of its kind using a non-linear approach based on cross-correlation function (CCF) to investigate the information arrival hypothesis in crude palm oil (CPO) futures market. Based on daily data from 1986 to 2010, our empirical results reveal that: First, the volume of volatility is not a proxy of information flow. Second, dependence causality running from current return to future volume in conditional variance exhibit an asymmetric pattern of time span with different signs of correlation between price and volume series. This finding indicates the presence of noise traders' hypothesis of price-volume interaction in CPO futures market. Both findings suggest that this futures market is weak-form inefficiency. In terms of investors' behavior, they tend to change their expectations on current return based on errors made in previous trade in generating abnormal volume in the subsequent period. As implied, it is advisable for the investors devise their future trading strategies according to time span and changes of return.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2021

These days, sales of battery electric vehicles have been rapidly increasing due to the strict CO₂ regulations. However, since it take too long to measure the energy economy of electric vehicles, it has been required to improve the procedure of energy economy measurement. In order to improve this problem, the present study analyzed the battery charge/discharge pattern according to the changes in battery SOC (state of charge). In general, the energy economy test is started with a battery SOC charged to 100 %. However, it was identified that when the battery is fully charged, it can actually be charged over the 100 % (e.g., 100.5 %). This can induce errors in the energy economy measurement. Therefore, the present study recommend to start the test at SOC 99.9 %. The regenerative braking was partly restricted for the SOC over 90 %. This made it difficult to estimate the overall energy economy of the electric vehicle. However, it was identified that there was no change in the battery charge/discharge characteristics under the SOC 90 %. Therefore, the energy economy test can be shortened by predicting the overall energy economy through a short mileage test.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.552-555
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 키넥트 센서를 이용한 제스처 인식 방법을 개발하고, 이를 이용한 격투액션 제어 인터페이스를 제안한다. 제스처의 패턴 특징을 추출하기 위해서는 단순한 절대 위치 정보를 이용하는 것이 아닌, 어깨를 중심으로 한 신체 비율 특성을 고려하여 특징을 추출하는 방법을 이용한다. 하지만 동일한 제스처를 수행하더라도 키넥트 센서에 포착되는 각 관절의 위치 좌표값들은 팔의 길이와 방향에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 문제점이 있다. 그래서 논문에서는 제스처를 모델링하고 분석하기 위해 주성분 분석법을 사용하는 방법을 기술한다. 이 방법을 사용함으로서 데이터가 가지는 에러의 영향을 줄일 수 있게 되고, 차원축약의 효과를 얻을 수 있게 된다. 또한 동작 인식 시스템의 동작 제약을 줄이기 위한 방법으로 수정된 매칭 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2010

Gaecheonjeol is the National Foundation day of Korea when people hold a harvest ceremony. Nowadays, two representative harvest ceremonies of Korea are performed at Mt. Mari (摩利山) and Mt. Taebaek (太白山) on Gaecheonjeol (October 3rd). We study 28 flags with constellations appearing in the ceremony of Mt. Taebaek. These flags are lying in the outer of the circular stone wall during the ceremony. They represent an oriental heavenly star chart. We examine the shape, the connecting-pattern, the name, and the number of constellations drawn in the flags, and find several errors, such as, a wrong position, a typo of name, an irregular size, an omission, and so forth. Traditionally, the 28 oriental constellations are usually divided into four groups and each group has its own colour for each direction: Blue (E), Black (N), White (W), and Red (S). For the constellation flags in Mt. Taebaek, the colour of the flags is painted based on geographical directions, but the constellations are arranged followed by the direction of the celestial sphere. Thus, constellations in the northern and southern parts are counterchanged. Finally, we suggest some possible criteria for constellation map of the flags in this paper. CheonSangYeolChaBunYaJiDo (天象列次分野之圖) and CheonMunRyuCho (天文類抄) can be essential references for correcting constellations drawn in the flags of Mt. Taebaek.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

고성능의 칩을 설계함에 있어 연결선 사이의 크로스토크 고장은 무시할 수 없는 요인이 되었다. 본 논문에서는 칩 및 보드레벨에서의 연결선 테스트를 위한 효과적인 테스트 패턴 알고리즘을 제시한다. 크로스토크 고장 점검율이 100%인 기존 6n 알고리즘을 분석하고 실질적으로 크로스토크 영향을 주는 net를 고려하여 보다 적은 패턴으로 동일한 고장 점검율을 얻는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다.