• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pattern identification: Reliability

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Reliability Study of the Pattern Identification Questionnaire Developed by Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (한국한의학연구원 개발 변증설문지의 신뢰도 연구)

  • Kim, Bum-Su;Lim, Jung-Hwa;Lee, Min-Hee;Yun, Young-Ju
    • The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.29-44
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    • 2013
  • Objectives This study is aimed at assessing the reliability of the Pattern identification questionnaire (PIQ) developed by Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine and examining the validity of the PIQ by comparing the pattern identification scores of different groups. Methods We conducted a survey of 258 participants (79 teachers and 179 graduate students at one School of Korean Medicine) using self-reported questionnaire and all the samples were retested. The test-retest reliability was assessed by Kappa coefficient(${\kappa}$) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Also we compared the differences in pattern identification scores according to sex, age and occupation. Results 1. One of 116 questions are impossible to calculate; 22 of them (18.97%) scored under 0.4 in ${\kappa}$; 90(77.59%) ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 in ${\kappa}$; and three questions (3.58%) scored 0.8 or over in ${\kappa}$. 2. Pearson correlation coefficients between test score and retest score of all pattern identification items are 0.4 or over. 3. The mean score for pattern identification in women was generally higher than that in men, particularly in patterns of blood-deficiency, blood-stasis, yang-deficiency and kidney disease. 4. The mean score for pattern identification in the graduate student group was generally higher than that in the teacher group. Conclusion In test-retest reliability, the PIQ showed relatively high reliability. The mean pattern identification score showed differences in regards to retaining knowledge about Korean medicine. Therefore, future research involving modification of questionnaire items and confirming the validity of this questionnaire is required.

Smart pattern recognition of structural systems

  • Hassan, Maguid H.M.
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.39-56
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    • 2010
  • Structural Control relies, with a great deal, on the ability of the control algorithm to identify the current state of the system, at any given point in time. When such algorithms are designed to perform in a smart manner, several smart technologies/devices are called upon to perform tasks that involve pattern recognition and control. Smart pattern recognition is proposed to replace/enhance traditional state identification techniques, which require the extensive manipulation of intricate mathematical equations. Smart pattern recognition techniques attempt to emulate the behavior of the human brain when performing abstract pattern identification. Since these techniques are largely heuristic in nature, it is reasonable to ensure their reliability under real life situations. In this paper, a neural network pattern recognition scheme is explored. The pattern identification of three structural systems is considered. The first is a single bay three-story frame. Both the second and the third models are variations on benchmark problems, previously published for control strategy evaluation purposes. A Neural Network was developed and trained to identify the deformed shape of structural systems under earthquake excitation. The network was trained, for each individual model system, then tested under the effect of a different set of earthquake records. The proposed smart pattern identification scheme is considered an integral component of a Smart Structural System. The Reliability assessment of such component represents an important stage in the evaluation of an overall reliability measure of Smart Structural Systems. Several studies are currently underway aiming at the identification of a reliability measure for such smart pattern recognition technique.

A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Reliability of a Pattern Identification Tool for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and to Analyze Correlations between Pattern Identification Tools and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Uroflowmetry (전립선비대증 변증도구의 신뢰도 평가 및 IPSS, 요속과의 상관관계에 대한 탐색적 연구)

  • Jeon, Cheon-hoo;Gu, Ji-hyang;Kang, Wee-chang;Jang, Eun-su;Lee, Eun-jung;Jung, In-chul;Cho, Chung-sik
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.1052-1065
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of a pattern identification tool for benign prostatic hyperplasia and to examine the relationship between pattern identification tool readings and IPSS and uroflowmetry. Methods: We analyzed 56 patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia from December 27th, 2017 to December 26th, 2018 by two different Korean medical doctors and followed with a pattern identification tool and by IPSS and uroflowmetry. One week later, the patients were retested to analyze the reliability of the pattern identification tool, determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using the test-retest method. The correlation between IPSS and uroflowmetry was analyzed with the Pearson coefficient. Result: The reliability of the pattern identification tool for benign prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated as "poor agreement beyond chance" (ICC=0.349). The reliability of each pattern identification score was evaluated as "good" for Yang Deficiency of Kidney, Yin Deficiency of Kidney, Deficiency of Middle Qi, and Dampness-heat of Lower Energizer. The internal consistency was evaluated as "good" for Yang Deficiency of Kidney, Yin Deficiency of Kidney, and Dampness-heat of Lower Energizer, and as "excellent" for Deficiency of Middle Qi. The correlation between pattern identification and IPSS was evaluated as a "moderate positive correlation" for all pattern identifications. The average flow rate and maximum flow rate using uroflowmetry was evaluated with "moderate negative correlation" for Yang Deficiency of Kidney and Dampness-heat of Lower Energizer. Conclusion: The reliability of a pattern identification tool for benign prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated as "poor agreement beyond chance." Further research is needed.

Reliability and Validity Analysis of an Instrument for Pattern Identification and Evaluation in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (항암제 유발 말초신경병증 변증평가도구의 신뢰도 및 타당도 평가)

  • Park, Ji-hye;Jung, In-chul;Lee, Seo-hyun;Lee, Suk-hoon;Choi, Seok-cheol;Yoo, Hwa-seung
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.631-644
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of an instrument for pattern identification and evaluation in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).Methods: The study consisted of 66 patients with CIPN (visual analog scale ≥30 mm, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≤2). The test-retest reliability of the instrument for pattern identification and evaluation in CIPN was tested twice with the same patients in one week.Results: Pearson’s coefficient test-retest reliability of the instrument was 0.601-0.777. The internal reliability of each part was 0.619-0.811. To confirm the validity of the instrument for pattern identification and evaluation for CIPN, the correlation between the score for each identification pattern and that of other CIPN instruments was analyzed. The results revealed a positive correlation between the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General and CIPN-20.Conclusion: The reliability of the instrument for pattern identification and evaluation in CIPN was moderate, and the validity analysis revealed a positive correlation.

A Study of the Reliability and Validity of Standard Tools for the Pattern Identification of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (위식도역류질환 변증도구의 신뢰도 및 타당도 평가)

  • Cho, Yun-jae;Ha, Na-Yeon;Ko, Seok-Jae;Park, Jae-Woo;Kim, Jinsung
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.1-21
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: The standard tool for the pattern identification is used for identifying patterns in patients using a questionnaire. The purpose of this study is to reorganize the standard tool for the pattern identification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) developed in 2017 and to analyze the reliability and validity of the standard tool for pattern identification by applying it to GERD patients. Methods: To reorganize the standard tool for the pattern identification of GERD developed in the previous study, we searched the literature in the main databases, OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). We added the search results to the data used in the previous study and went through the reorganizing courses, such as evaluating the validity of the translation, the Delphi technique, and a small survey. After reorganization, the patients who visited the Kyunghee University Korean Medicine Center for GERD symptoms were provided the questionnaire, including the reorganized standard tool for pattern identification. We analyzed the survey results to evaluate their reliability and validity. Results: Fifty patients completed the questionnaire. Reliability analysis results showed a pattern identification match rate of 86%, Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.834, and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.907. The Mann - Whitney U test and logistic regression were implemented to check the relations between the survey questions and pattern identification results; the Pearson correlation, compared with other scales, showed a moderate score. Conclusion: We reorganized the standard tool for the pattern identification of GERD to be updated on current issues and so that it is easily used. The analysis results of the questionnaire showed that the reorganized standard tool had high reliability and moderate validity.

A Study to Assess the Reliability and Improvement of the Instrument of Pattern Identification for Jing Ji and Zheng Chong (경계정충 변증도구 신뢰도 평가 및 개선방안 연구)

  • Choi, Woo-Chang;Lee, Hun-Soo;Seo, Bok Nam;Kang, Wee-Chang;Jung, In-Chul
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.371-382
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the test-retest reliability and to suggest methods to enhance reliability. Methods: Participants consisted of 145 patients with generalized anxiety disorder who were diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Participants were tested twice within one week. Results: The test-retest reliability of the Instrument of Pattern Identification for Jing Ji and Zheng Chong was examined in 145 patients and it was calculated as 0.3919. Internal Reliability of each part was calculated as 0.320~0.502. Reliability and concordance rate of symptoms are presented in the table. Frequency of symptoms and correlation between weight and frequency are also presented in the table. Conclusions: Based on these results, we have modified the Instrument of Pattern Identification for Jing Ji and Zheng Chong.

Reliability and Validity Analysis of the Instrument on Pattern Identifications for Depression (우울증 변증도구의 신뢰도, 타당도 평가)

  • Lee, Hun-Soo;Kang, Wee-Chang;Jung, In-Chul
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.407-416
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument on pattern identifications for depression. Methods: Two assessors carried out an evaluation about the instrument on pattern identifications for depression, targeting 201 participants, who after taking the HAM-D score over 12 or under 7 twice. Results: Inter-assessor reliability was higher than intra-assessor reliability in a reliability analysis about classification of pattern identification evaluated by the instrument on pattern identifications for depression. Reliability of intra-assessor and inter-assessor showed a moderate to strong agreement when reliability analysis about classification score of the pattern identification had been performed. Reliability analysis to evaluate the validity of the instrument on pattern identifications for depression showed moderate agreement. Conclusions: The results reveal that reliability analysis of the instrument on pattern identifications for depression showed an over moderate agreement and validity analysis represented a positive correlation.

A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Reliability of Pattern Identification Tool for Knee Osteoarthritis and to Analyze Correlation between Pattern Identification Tool and Knee Range of Motion, Visual Analog Scale and Western Ontario & Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (퇴행성 무릎관절염 변증도구의 신뢰도 평가 및 무릎 ROM, VAS, WOMAC과의 상관관계에 대한 탐색적 연구)

  • Oh, Seung-Joon;Jang, Eunsu;Oh, Young-Seon;Kang, Wee-chang;Lee, Eun-Jung;Jung, In Chul
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.113-128
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    • 2019
  • Objectives To evaluate the pattern identification tool for knee osteoarthritis and to investigate the relationship between pattern identification tool and knee ROM (range of motion), VAS (visual analog scale) and WOMAC (Western Ontario & McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index). Methods We studied 50 patients who are diagnosed as degenerative osteoarthritis. With one patient dropping out, total of 49 patient went through pattern identification tool. Re-test of the pattern identification tool was implemented after about a week. The reliability was analyzed by calculating ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient). Also, reliability of each pattern identification score was calculated along with influence factor and correlation between knee ROM, VAS and WOMAC. Results Reliability of the pattern identification tool was evaluated as 'poor agreement beyond chance' with ICC value of 0.396. Reliablility of each pattern identification score was calculated and four out of five were measured 'good' with one 'moderate' reliability. Two of inter-item consistency were 'good', two were 'acceptable' and one was 'questionable'. Correlation between each pattern identification and knee ROM showed 'clear negative linear relationship' with two patterns. VAS showed 'clear positivie linear relationship' with all five patterns. WOMAC showed 'positivie linear relationship' with all five patterns. Conclusions According to the results, pattern identification tool for knee osteoarthritis seems to have meaningful relationship with other agnedas. Also, further research is needed to develop the tool.

A reliability analysis of syndrome differentiation questionnaire for obesity (비만변증 설문지에 대한 신뢰도 분석)

  • Kang, Byeong-Kab;Moon, Jin-Seok;Choi, Sun-Mi
    • Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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    • v.13 no.1 s.19
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 2007
  • The high position condition 10 escape which the obesity person appeals. Obesity Pattern-Identification question it will yell and 243 subjects which to the obesity in the patient of 517 subjects which draw up correspond. (longitude obesity 153 person, altitude obesity 90 person) against it analyzes. In order to analyze the reliability of the items which diagnose each Pattern-Identification it used Cronbach alpha coefficient and escape it did the alpha of each item. Alpha value of each Pattern-Identification than appears more highly the item which it will be able to consider an elimination in the item which decreases a reliability. In that phlegm-retention syndrome is bigger alpha coefficient 0.784 than 'meal quantity is few'(0.787) a possibility of seeing in the item which decreases a reliability to the place where it diagnoses it puts in phlegm-retention syndrome.

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Preliminary Study to Develop the Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale and Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia (한의학 병리적 노화 척도와 치매 한의학적 변증진단 개발 및 신뢰도 평가)

  • Lee, Go eun;Moon, Kwang Su;Kim, Nam Kwen;Chung, sun yong;Jung, In Chul;Kang, Hyung Won
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.111-123
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: To develop and investigate the reliability of the pathologic aging scale based on korean medical theory and korean medical pattern identification for dementia. Methods: We searched the textbook of korean neurophychiatry and Donguibogam and selected items through professional consensus. We compared between dementia(n=40) and normal elderly(n=38) and tested the reliability of two scales. Results: After professional consensus, we drafted the Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale(12 items, Likert 3 scale) and Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia(4 patterns, 28 items, Likert 5 scale). On Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale, There is no significant difference between two groups. We had good internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha = 0.6) and test-retest reliability(r=0.631) but low inter-rater reliability(r=0.430). On Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia, dementia patients diagnosed with Qi deficiency are significantly more than those in normal group. We had fairly good internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha = 0.574) and excellent test-retest(kappa= .800) and inter-rater reliability(kappa = .733). Conclusions: Korean Medical Pattern Identification for Dementia is appropriate for diagnosing korean medical pattern. But Korean Medical Pathologic Aging Scale isn't appropriate to discriminate dementia from normal elderly because of many subjective items. Therefore objective measurement of sensory dysfunction would be needed to measure pathologic aging based on korean medical theory.