• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.112-121
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of Gamichunggan-tang(Jiaweiqinggan-tang) on 57 patients who have suffered from chronic liver disease. Methods : Gamichunggan-tang(Jiaweiqinggan-tang) was administered to patients for over 2 months continuously. We checked improvement of clinical symptoms, changes of Hepatitis B markers and lymphocyte count. Results : Gamichunggan-tang(Jiaweiqinggan-tang) has significant effect on the improvement of clinical symptoms. And the ratio of seroconversion from HBeAg positive to HBeAg negative was 42.9%. Lymphocyte increased in 83.3% of patients converted to HBeAg negative. Conclusions : It is suggested that Gamichunggan-tang(Jiaweiqinggan-tang) has significant effects on the recovery of weakened liver function and immune modulation. This treatment could be recommened as a prescription for Chronic liver disease.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.261-273
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is a chronic liver disease that affects the drinking behavior is to identify the factors. The subjects of the study was diagnosed with chronic liver disease outpatient visit were studied in 120 patients. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS WIN 18.0. Drinking behavior of chronic liver disease to determine the factors influencing the results of the multiple regression analysis, the regression model was found to be significant(F=8.58, p<.001), drinking behavior of chronic liver disease a major contributor to the drinking habits(${\beta}$ = -.29, p = .004)was found in, followed by drinking motives(${\beta}$ = .20, p = .044), drinking refusal self-efficacy(${\beta}$ = -.17, p = .037), after which the diagnosis of the disease(${\beta}$ = .15, p = .041), respectively. These variables showed explanatory power of 44.1%. Drinking behavior is a serious health problem in patients with chronic liver disease. The factors that influence drinking behavior by considering the management of chronic liver disease drinking continued to provide information and education is needed abstinence.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.501-509
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the illness intrusiveness, quality of life, and their relationships in patients with chronic liver disease. Method: Data was collected using scales of illness intrusiveness developed by Devins et al and Korean health related quality of life (KoQoLS) developed by Shim et al to measure the illness intrusiveness and quality of life from 141 chronic liver disease patients. Result: The total mean score of illness intrusiveness was $38.85{\pm}18.45$. The domain of illness intrusiveness which showed the highest mean score was health ($4.60{\pm}2.02$), and the lowest mean score domain was relationship with spouse ($20.4{\pm}1.69$). The subcategory of KoQoLS which showed the highest mean score was bodily pain ($6.96{\pm}2.98$), and the lowest mean score subcategory was vitality ($2.75{\pm}1.20$). There were negative relationships between illness intrusiveness and KoQoLS in all subcategories. Abovel all, Illness intrusiveness had the strongest negative relationship with role limitation (r=-0.641) among the KoQoLS subcategories. Conclusion: Because the illness intrusiveness had negative influence on the quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease, further research will need to specify detailed illness intrusiveness and to explore influencing factors on quality of life in them.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.470-478
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• 2019

Purpose: The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children is gradually increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of serum adiponectin and soluble adiponectin receptor 2 (soluble Adipo R2) levels for the diagnosis of fatty liver disease in obese and overweight children. Methods: The study included 51 obese and overweight children between the ages of 6 and 18 years diagnosed with NAFLD using ultrasonography and 20 children without fatty liver disease. Patients whose alanine transaminase level was two times higher than normal (${\geq}80U/L$) were included in the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) group. Results: NASH was observed in 11 (21.6%) of the patients with NAFLD. The incidence of obesity was higher in patients with NASH (80% and 45%, p=0.021). While the adiponectin levels were similar in patients with NAFLD and those without, they were below the normal level in the whole study group. Adiponectin and soluble Adipo R2 levels of patients with NASH were lower than those in patients without NASH; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.064 and p=0.463). Soluble Adipo R2 levels in obese patients with NAFLD were higher than those in obese children without NAFLD (p<0.001). Conclusion: Soluble adiponectin receptor 2 level is a noninvasive marker that can be used for the diagnosis of NAFLD in obese children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1244-1252
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin and minerals in the patients with alcoholic liver disease and to obtain the materials for nutritional education for alcoholics. The subjects consist of 80 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC) and 12 patients with alcoholic fatty liver(AFL). The control group included 57 alcoholics without liver disease(A), 32 patients with viral liver cirrhosis(VLC) and 194 normal men(NL). Biochemical evaluation of nutritional status was investigated by the analysis of blood samples. The frequency of vitamin B1 deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups as indicated by the erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient were 46.0%, 66.7% and 57.9% respectively. The frequency of vitamin B2 deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups as indicated by the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient were 9.8%, 8.3% and 38.6% respectively. Vitamin A deficiency was not detected in the alcoholic subjects. The frequency of vi tamin E deficiency in ALC, AFL and A were 96.3%, 66.7% and 86.0% respectively. The levels of plasma lipid peroxidation products were significantly higher in the alcoholic subjects than in the normal subjects. The frequency of subjects below normal range of hemoglobin were 85.0% in ALC, 50.0% in AFL and 31.6% in A. The frequency of copper deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups were 48.4%, 16.7% and 17.5% respectively. The frequency of zinc deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups were 83.8%, 41.7% and 66.7% respectively. Overall, the vitamin and minerals status of the alcoholic subjects in this study was evaluated to be very poor on the basis of biochemical assessments. The results suggest that alcohol abuse and poor dietary intake could cause malnutrition and may be important risk factors in causing alcoholic liver disease in alcoholics. In addition, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, Cu, Fe and antioxidant supplementation may be effective in nutritional therapy for chronic alcoholics.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.422-431
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• 2022

Purpose: At the beginning of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, physicians paid close attention to children with chronic diseases to prevent transmission or a severe course of infection. We aimed to measure the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels in children with chronic gastrointestinal and liver diseases to analyze the risk factors for infection and its interaction with their primary disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases (n=141) and in healthy children (n=48) between January and February 2021. Results: During the pandemic, 10 patients (7%) and 1 child (2%) had confirmed COVID-19 infection (p=0.2). The SARS-CoV-2 antibody test was positive in 36 patients (25.5%) and 11 children (22.9%) (p=0.7). SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity was found in 20.4%, 26.6%, 33.3%, and 33.3% of patients with chronic liver diseases, chronic gastrointestinal tract diseases, cystic fibrosis, and liver transplantation recipients, respectively (p>0.05, patients vs. healthy children). Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity were COVID-19-related symptoms (47.2% vs. 14.2%, p=0.00004) and close contact with SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction-positive patients (69.4% vs. 9%, p<0.00001). The use, number, and type of immunosuppressants and primary diagnosis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity. The frequency of disease activation/flare was not significant in patients with (8.3%) or without (14.2%) antibody positivity (p=0.35). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children with chronic gastrointestinal and liver diseases are similar to that in healthy children. Close follow-up is important to understand the long-term effects of past COVID-19 infection in these children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2007

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate LDQOL (Liver Disease Quality of Life) and its related factors of patients with Hepatitis B. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study. The LDQOL was formally translated to Korean and reliability was examined. One hundred thirty eight patients following gastroenterology outpatient clinic of S. hospital in Seoul, Korea participated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.43 years and 87.7% were men. The mean score of LDQOL was 77.34, and mean scores of subscale were followed; symptom of liver disease (SxLD) (82.12), effect of liver disease (ELD) (25.50), concentration (Conc) (84.47), memory (Mem) (83.24), health discomfort, (HD) (75.18), sexual function (SFun) (75.71), sexual problem (SProb) (84.70), Loneliness (85.50), Hopeless (67.43), and stigma of liver disease (SLD) (91.64). Women had a lower LDQOL score for Loneliness (p=.034), and over 45 year-old patients had a lower LDQOL overall score (p=.000). Patients who were HBV carriers, or who had Chronic Hepatitis B or Liver Cirrhosis reported lower QOL respectively(p=.032). Conclusion: Although the liver disease itself seemed to be stable, patients with HBV experienced poor QOL in ELD, SProb, SFun, and Hopeless. Therefore nursing interventions in these aspects are needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.540-541
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• 2008

The aim of the present study is to determine clinical efficacy and adverse reaction of yugan-tang. We compared symptoms and liver function test results of 160 patients with damp-heat type liver disease in before and after taking yugan-tang. The patients took 200ml yugan-tang two times daily for three months. Then we analyzed these datas statistically. The overall therapeutic effect was "markedly improved" in 70 of 160 patients (43.75%) and "improved" in 75 of 160 patients (46.88%). yugan-tang markedly improved damp-heat type liver disease, especially jaundice, abdominal distention, hypochondriac pain, nause, vomiting and anorexia. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and total bilirubin (TBIL) level were within normal limits at baseline. But albumin-globulin ratio (A/G) level was not changed markedly. I think that yugan-tang is worth applying widely to clinic.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.257-271
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• 2017

Purpose: The hepatitis B virus is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The clinical guidelines recommend that inactive chronic hepatitis (ICH) patients also check their liver function every 6 to 12 months and manage the potential risks. This study compared the hepatitis B knowledge, self-care practice, and quality of life in patients with HBV according to the disease activity. Methods: This study was conducted in a university hospital and surveyed on 65 ICH patients and 68 progressive chronic liver disease (PCLD) patients from November in 2012 to September in 2013. Results: The knowledge of hepatitis B was lower in the group of a lately perceived HBV infection and ICH. Self-care practice was lower in the male and the patients group with a perceived HBV infection within 5 years. The "taking regular liver function test" score was lower in the ICH. Eight out of 12 Liver Disease Quality of Life instrument (LDQOL) subscales were lower in PCLD. Conclusion: The hepatitis B knowledge and self-care practice are relatively lacking in ICH and the patients group with a perceived HBV infection within 5 years. More effective education programs will be necessary to enhance the hepatitis B knowledge and self-care for patients with HBV and even for ICH.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of fatigue, depression and sleep disorders and to find the correlation between them in patients with chronic liver disease. Methods: The participants consisted of 130 patients with chronic liver disease who visited the C University Hospital in Daegu, Korea from July to August, 2011. Data were collected by a self-reporting questionnaire of the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Depression Inventory (BDI) and Sleep Scale. Collected data were analyzed by using PASW Statistics 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, T-test, one-way ANOVA and Correlation Analysis. Results: There were significant differences in fatigue scores (t=8.415, $p$=.004) and depression scores (t=10.08, $p$=.002) between subjects with symptoms of liver disease and those with no symptoms. There was no significant difference in sleep disorder scores. In addition, there is a significant correlation between fatigue and depression (r=.641), linking fatigue and sleep disorders (r=.578), and between depression and sleep disorders (r=.572). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop multidisciplinary intervention programs to relieve patientsuffering.