• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.41
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• pp.173-200
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the variables that may influence the level of family adaptation to schizophrenic patients using the Family Resiliency Model. The Family Resiliency Model is the most current extension of family stress Model. According to the Family Resiliency Model, The level of family adaptation in the face of a crisis situation is determined by a number of interacting components. The subjects are 151 family members with schizophrenic patient. The result from the research were as follows: 1) The following variables significantly correlated with the family adaptation: income of the family, educational level of the family, intimacy between family and patient, knowledge on schizophrenia, recognition of prognosis on schizophrenia. 2) The factors that compose the Family Resiliency Model significantly correlated with the level of family adaptation. 3) The result of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that factors which predict the level of family adaptation were the family control, the quality of family communication, and the support from the extended family, these findings give us significant practical implications for social work intervention.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

Purpose: The main objective of this paper is, to evaluate the unit design for patient-centered care and to draw lessons-learned for further improvement. Methods: This study conducted a case study of the intensive care unit, designed to fulfill patient-centered care in the US. It evaluated the effectiveness of the unit by incorporating several study methods such as plan analyses, direct observations through nursing tracking and behavior mapping, and focus group interviews. Results: The major design decision made in this patient-centered unit was the use of patient rooms with designated family areas and distributed nursing stations. Both design features appeared to be a success on a variety of research metrics and outcomes. The study identified that the patient rooms ultimately help family members to spent more time with their loved ones, which leads to increased satisfaction of family members and nurses also report that they generally enjoy the distributed nurses' stations, which provide a comfortable environment to complete their regular lines of work such as charting, monitoring patients, and collaborating with their colleagues. Implications: Certain design features in intensive care units such as patient rooms with designated family areas and distributed nursing stations could appropriately support hospitals to fulfill patient-centered care.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.2
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• pp.19-34
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analysis level on family caregiver's burden for the elderly with chronic disease in a rural area and to choose priority care group, thereby facilitating the development of interventions to reduce the caregiver's burden. For this purpose, data were collected by questionaire from June 10 to October 8, 1994. The instruments for data collection were Caregiver Burden Inventory by Novak(1989) and Zarit et al(1982), severity of dementia by Hughes Scales(1982), ADL by Lawton(1971), patients' family caregiving activity by pre-survey and reference review(Lee, 1993 ; Jang, 1990 ; Yoo, 1982). The subjects were 213 family caregiver of elderly with chronic disease in a rural area. The data was analysed by the use of t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression. The results were as follows ; 1. Total burden was evaluated below average, the mean of family burden was 46.98. By the diagnostic classification, Hypertension was 27.37, DM 32.46, CVA 62.96, Dementia 61.24. 2. Significant variables which were correlated to the family caregiver's burden were the patient's disease diagnosis (F=33.82, p<0.001), severity of dementia(F=30.52, p<0.001), the status of disease management(F=11.53, p<0.001), ADL(F=10.54, p<0.001), PADL(F=7.50, p<0.001), income(F=7.17, p<0.001), caregiver's health status(F=24.53, p<0.001), a view of patient's prognosis (F=22.17, p<0.001), relationship with the patient(F=33.82, p<0.001), the number of hours per day spent on caregiving(F=77.52, p<0.001), level of intimacy of caregiver and patients(F=8.75, p<0.001), level of helping(F=4.90, p<0.01), the frequency of caregiving activity(F=3.80, p<0.01), the number of admission(F=5.54, p<0.01), the length of caregiving(F=4.43, p<0.01), other chronic patient in family(t=2.81, p<0.01), caregiver's job(F=3.11, p<0.01), the duration of illness(F=2.98, p<0.05), caregiver's religion(F=2.93, p<0.05), medical security(F=3.89, p<0.05), caregiving's helper(t=2.42, p<0.05). 3. PADL was the most important predictor to family caregiver burden(R2=0.6611). In addition to this, IADL, caregiver's health status, the length of caregiving. level of intimacy of caregiver and patients, patient's age, the patient's disease diagnosis and patient's job accounted for 76% of family caregiver burden. 4. The criteria of priority care group were as follows ; the mean of family caregiver burden was above 58, above of moderate ADL, the number of hours per day spent on caregiving above of 8 hours, above of moderate dementia. By the diagnostic classification, number of priority care group, Hypertension was 4 (8.0%), DM 4(8.0%), CVA 34(64.1%), Dementia 45(75.0%).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1324-1335
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore the educational needs of patients with, kidney transplants and their family members to develop a rehabilitational and educational program. Data were collected from January 29, 1999 to April 20, 1999 with interviews using a structured questionnaire. There were 184 subjects in this study. of them, 107 were patients who had kidney transplants and had visited at the out-patient department of three general hospitals located in Seoul and 77 were family members. The questionnaire used for this study was developed by the investigator through a literature review and from data collected from 11 professional personnel and three kidney transplant patients and their families. The data were analyzed using the SAS program with t-test, ANOVA, Scheff test, Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are as follows; 1) In the patient group, total mean score for educational needs was 154.61 and the item mean score was 3.96. For the family group, total mean score for educational needs was 168.84 and the item mean score was 4.15. So in the family group, educational needs were scored higher than by the patient group. With regard to domains, both patient and family groups had as the highest educational needs, the domain of physical health and the top ten items in the educational needs were also in the domain of physical health. 2) In the patient group, women and the divorce/ bereavement group had higher educational needs in the domain of nutritional management, those who had been admitted longer than four weeks from their kidney transplant had higher educational needs in the domain of physical health and those who were less than 4 years from their transplant had higher educational needs in the domain of follow-up care. In the family group, those who were Catholics and had high school education had higher educational needs in the domain of nutritional management. 3) In the patient group, academic background was positively correlated(r=.208, p=.031) to educational needs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.686-698
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• 2003

Purpose: This is a descriptive correlation study purposed to provide basic data for comprehensive nursing care by analyzing the relationship between the burden and the quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods: As for the subjects of this study, 66 family caregivers who take care of cancer patients hospitalized and treated with chemotherapy participated in the research. The tool of this study was a structured questionnaire including questions concerning burden(19 items) and the quality of life(33 items). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ program through descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: 1) The mean score of burden was 2.6383. The mean score of quality of life was 3.3034. These score show that family caregivers perceive a moderate level of burden and the quality of life. 2) Family caregivers' burden was significantly related to symptoms in the cancer patient (r= 0.3501, P=0.0042) and family caregivers(r= 0.5340, P=0.0001). Family caregivers' quality of life was significantly related to symptoms in the cancer patient(r= -0.3528, P=0.0039) and family caregivers(r= -0.5472, P=0.0001). According to the result of examining' the relationship between burden and the quality of life, there was a statistically negative correlation(r= -0.6326, P=0.0001). 3) 'Family income after the onset of the patient' was the most important predictor of the burden of family caregivers($R^2$=0.158). 'Usual relationship with the patient' was the most important predictor of the quality of life of family caregivers($R^2$=0.138). Conclusions: The results presented above indicate that we must consider burden of family caregivers and symptoms experienced by them in order to improve the quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between perceived family support and quality of life in hospitalized patient with terminal cancer. Method: Study subjects were 104 patients with terminal cancer who were hospitalized and treated at K university hospital, in Busan. Perceived family support and quality of life were measured using the Kang's Revised Family Support Scale and Youn's Quality of Life scale for terminal patients. Results: 1) The mean score of perceived family support was $4.23{\pm}0.61$. The mean score of quality of life was $5.83{\pm}1.37$. 2) The perceived family support was significantly different with primary care giver, food type, medical period after diagnosis. 3) The levels of quality of life was significantly different by number of children, effect of religion on the one' life, perceived state of disease and pain. 4) There was moderate positive correlation between perceived family support and quality of life. Conclusions: Increase in perceived family support was associated with increase in quality of life in hospitalized patients with terminal cancer. It is necessary that the development of nursing education program for family which help to support the patient with terminal cancer for increasing the quality of life of patient with terminal cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.365-379
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• 2019

This review aimed to analyze characteristics and performances of patient and family-centered care interventions and evaluate the convergence effectiveness. Randomized controlled trials were searched, selected, data extracted and quality-assessed using the Risk of Bias in 15 databases. Characteristics suggested from 21 studies were provision of information, education, communication and family and friend participation. There were 89 measurement variables of performances. Patient outcome was measured by mortality, length of hospitalization, etc., indicated as significantly improved in 18 studies. This review has provided evidence that patient and family-centered care improved experience and performance of diverse patients, families and health-care providers. There is need to convergence adopt patient and family-centered care and conduct evidence-based studies for improvement of quality of healthcare and patient safety in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.175-192
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the care needs of family-caregivers to the patients with stroke. Subjects were 115 family-caregivers caring for the patients while they were in-patients or out-patients with stroke in two general hospitals and one oriental medicine hospital located in Seoul and Kwang-Ju. The instrument used for this study was made by the researcher on the basis of results of literature review and interviews with family-caregivers, composed of 35 items. Internal validity by calculation of cronbach's alpha with data of respondents was 0.91, which was regarded as high. The Data were analyzed by SAS program, with percentage, mean, t-test, and ANOVA. Factor structures of care needs of family-caregivers were elicited by factor analysis(PCA, Varimax rotation). Datum collection had been from July 1 to August 14, 1997. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean score of the sum of the care needs of family-caregivers was 3.96 and the highest-mean item was 'need for immediate care(M=4.77)', and the lowest-mean item was 'need for chaplian's visit (M=2.82)'. 2. Care needs of the family-caregivers were : Need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care ; need of education and assistance related to physical functional level ; need of social support and consultation ; need of management of nursing problem related to immobility ; need of appreciation ; need of the way to communicate with patients ; need of immediate care and help. The highest mean factor was the 'need for immediate care and help(M=4.74)', and the lowest mean factor was the 'need of appreciation(M=3.58)'. 3. The variables influencing the degree of care needs perceived by family-caregivers to the patients with stroke were as follows : There were significant differences between need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex (p=.0178), caring period(p=.0223) and patient's suffering period(p=.0244). There were significant differences between need of education and assistance related to physical functional level and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0177), patient's ADL dependency(p=.0032). There were significant differences between need of social support and consultation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex(p=.0055), occupation(p=.0159), religion(p=.0093) and patient's sex(p=.0134). There was significant difference in the degree of need of management of nursing problem related to immobility, according to the patient's ADL dependency(p=.0493). There were significant differences between need of appreciation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's age(p=.0107), sex(p=.0133), and patient's age(p=.0338). There were significant differences between need of the way to communicate with patient and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0002) and aphasia(p=.0001). There were significant differences between need of immediate care and help and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's caring period(p=.0162) and patient's suffering period(p=.0116). 4. The mean score of patient's ADL dependency was 3. 38 and the highest-mean item was 'ascending and descending stairs(M=4.12)', and the lowest-mean item was 'drinking(M=2.60)'. There was no significant difference in the degrees of care needs related to the patient's ADL dependency. 5. The highest information source of family-caregivers was from the doctors about the disease, treatment and care(26.1%). The second highest one was from mass media(20.8%), and the third one was from the nurses. The above findings may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and quality for family-caregivers to the patients with stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data to decrease the stress of the family caregivers. Methods: The questionnaire was administrated to the family caregivers of 156 patients with stroke who consented to be interviewed. Among 156 caregivers, we analyzed 120 caregivers. We evaluated on the stress of the family caregivers. Results: First, the general characteristics of patient with CVA were high at 82.55% in male, 55.83% in infarction, 53.33% in the left hemiplegia, 47.50% in sixties, 80.83% in 1 recurrence rate, 27.50% in 1-2 years of disease period. Second, the general characteristics of family caregivers were high in above sixties, female in gender, existence in religion, married in marital status, high school in educational level, below 1 million-won in monthly income, spouse in relationship with patient, below 1 years in total caring period. Third, it showed that stress of family caregivers above 3.0 score has 8 items. Forth, the patient's characteristic that have the influence on the stress was significant in the period of disease(p<0.05). Finally, the characteristics of family caregivers that have the influence on the stress were the monthly income, caring period(p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicated that the stress of the family caregivers was correlated with the time in hospital, the income and nursing period.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-39
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• 1997

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation education on the reduction of the stress of family members who have patients suffering from stroke and to find a new way to nurse the patients and their family. Subjects & Methods: The subjects were sixty-one family members with the patients who had been hospotalized in K hospital of oriental medicine from september the 9th, 1996 to september the fourteen, 1996. This study was performed by simulated control group pretest-posttest design; pretest was done on the control group through a questionnaire, counselling and observation while posttest was done on the experimental group 1-2 days after systemic rehabilitation education. To teach the patients and their family, the amended version of a book written by Lee Hae-jin was used as a tool for systemic rehabilitation education. As a method to estimate ADL score, modified Kang's method was applied and ADL score was measured by well-trained technician. As for the tool to estimate the degree of family stress, Choi's method adjusted to this study was applied. In the analysis of the data, social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed in $X^2$ examination to confirm the consistency between the experimental group and the control group. The diffrence in the degree of the stress, which is a dependent factor, was examined by t-test. The difference in ADL score between the experimental group and the control group was examined by t-test. The difference in the degree of the stress according to the general feature of the family with stroke patient, social property of the patients and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed by F examination. The difference in family stress according to the degree of ADL was surveyed by F examination. RESULTS: 1. After hypothetically-examined systemic rehabilitation education, the total of the score of family stress surveyed in 34 items of three domains was compared between the experimental group and the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups; mean score of experimental group=2.28, that of control group=2.93(t=.17, df=59, p=. 66). 2. In the survey on family stress in 34 items, the items over mean score 3.0 were firstly the anxiety of possible disability and relapse of the disease and secondly to watch the patient's suffering without doing anything in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. And the items of the lowest stress with less than mean 2.0 score were little chance to meet the relative and friends, inconsistent treatment and attitude of the medical workers and the change of the attitude of the relative due to the patient orderly in the domain of social and personal relation and the responsibility as the family. The items which showed the difference between two groups were aggravation of neighboring patient(t=3.36, df= 59, p=.001) and the possibility of patient's death(t=2.19, df=58.38, p=.033) in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. 3. In the study on the stress difference according to general features of the family with the stroke patient, the score of family stress with the occupation was higher with mean 2.49 than that of the family stress without occupation with mean 2.16, but there was no significant difference. (F=5.21, df=1/59, p=.026). 4. In the study on the stress difference according to social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease, there was significant difference in the age of the patients (F=2.98, df=3/57, p=.039). These results show that even if there is no statistically significant difference between two groups, sixteen of the experimental group are less than 3.0 in ADL score(standard 6 score)while eight of the control group are less than 3.0 and that ten of the experimental group are in the year range of 39-49 while four of the control group are in the year range of 39-49 which showed significant difference in family stress. These imply that there is a possibility that the experimental group have serious and fundamental stress resulting in high pretest stress compared with the control group. It might be due to the characteristic of simulated control group pretest-posttest design that the psychologic-supportive effect by the education was not observed. On the basis of these results, the followings are suggested. 1) A study on the nursing-mediated method to reduce the stress in the items which are not resolved by rehabilitation education, a study on nursing according to the patient's age and a study on the supportive nursing toward the family with occupation are required. 2) More than two times consecutive nursing-mediated rehabilitation education to measure the family stress is required. 3) Comprehensive and multilateral systemic education program including the instruction on western-eastern medicine, physical therapy, exercise and diet through collaboration of the experts in each field is required. 4) Family stress at home as well as in the hospital needs to be estimated and home rehabilitation and home-nursing needs to be continued.