• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Objective : This study was designed to investigate anti-diabetic effects of fermented soy bean extract with herbal medicines (Godjang) in diabetic rat models induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Method : Changes in body weight, drinking water, and food intake were observed for 4 weeks before and after induction of diabetes mellitus in rats. The anti-diabetic capacity of Godjang was analyzed by fasting blood glucose (FBG) every week. Also, after 4 weeks of administration, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and then blood levels of insulin were checked. And serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. Histomorphological changes of liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues were also observed in STZ-induced diabetic rats and Godjang administered rats. Result : In Godjang administered group, body weight and water intake were more lower than that of STZ-induced diabetic rats. FBG was decreased in the Godjang administered group than STZ-induced diabetic group. According to OGTT, blood glucose levels at 30 minutes and 60 minutes significantly decreased in Godjang administered group than in STZ-induced diabetic control group. Administration of Godjang extract for 4W significantly decreased levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) in diabetic rats. In histomorphological analysis of kidney, liver, Godjang administrated groups showed the inhibition of pathological damage. Conclusion : These results suggest that Godjang extract has an anti-diabetic action through decrease in serum glucose, TC, TG levels and recovery of the morphological changes in kidney and liver in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2023

Objectives : Neuroinflammation is a common pathological mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases, and the development of therapeutic agents is urgently needed. Red ginseng has been known to be good for the immune stimulation in Eastern Asia. Although the immuno-stimulatory activity of red ginseng are already known, the neuro-protective effects of cultivated red ginseng with fermented complex mushroom-cereal mycelium (RGFM) have not been conducted. Thus, in this study, we tried to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of RGFM water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated BV2 cells. Methods : BV2 cells were pretreated with RGFM 1 h prior to LPS exposure. To determine the neuro-protective effects of RGFM water extract, we measured the expression of inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1𝛽, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-𝛼 in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, to find out the regulatory mechanism of RGFM water extract, we assessed the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibitory 𝜅B𝛼 (I𝜅B𝛼) by western blotting. Results : In our study, treatment of RGFM reduced the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 and suppressed NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Additionally, the secretion of IL-1𝛽 and TNF-𝛼 but not IL-6 was significantly inhibited by RGFM. Furthermore, RGFM water extract inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Conclusions : Taken together, these findings suggest that RGFM water extract has a protective effect on neuroinflammation through inhibition of JNK.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Objectives This paper investigates the origins, changes, and the constructive principles of Hyungbangjihwang-tang(荊防地黃湯). Methods Hyungbangjihwang-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of their pathological indications, based on previous literature including 『Gogeumuigam(古今醫鑑)』, 『Sanghannon(傷寒論)』, 『Uihagjeongjeon(醫學正傳)』, 『Donguisusebowon·Sasangchobongwon(東醫壽世保元·四象草本卷)』, 『Donguisusebowon·Gabobon(東醫壽世保元·甲午本)』, 『Donguisusebowon·Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元·辛丑本)』. Results and Conclusions The origins of Hyungbangjihwang-tang can be seen in three sections depending on the classification of medicinal herbs. Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.(荊芥), Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk.(防風), Notopterygium incisum Ting(羌活), Aralia cordata Thunb.(獨活), and Plantago asiatica L.(車前子) originated from Hyungbangpaedok-san(荊防敗毒散) included in 『Gogeumuigam』. Poria cocos Wolf.(茯苓) and Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉) originated from Ohryoung-san(五苓散) included in 『Sanghannon』. Rehmannia glutinosa for hueichingensis(熟地黃) and Cornus officinalis S. et Z.(⼭茱萸) originated from Yukmijihwang-tang(六味地黃湯) included in 『Uihagjeongjeon』. Hyungbangpaedok-san was transformed into "Paedok-san" in 『Chobongwon(草本卷)』, Hyungbangpaedok-san in the 『Gabobon(甲午本)』 and 『Sinchukbon(辛丑本)』. Yukmijihwang-tang was mentioned as a Soyangin medicine in the 『Chobongwon』 and was later transformed into a Suhwagije-tang(水火旣濟湯) in 『Gabobon』. The meaning of Yukmijihwang-tang inherited in 『Sinchukbon』 as Dokhwaljihwang-tang and Hyungbangjihwang-tang. The medicinal herbs in Hyungbangjihwang-tang can be categorized in three sections by their functions, Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk., Notopterygium incisum Ting, Aralia cordata Thunb., and Plantago asiatica L. scatter the Pyohan(表寒) and make the Pyoeum(表陰) drop. Poria cocos Wolf.(茯苓) and Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉) make the Pyoeum(表陰) drop through Lee-su(利水). Rehmannia glutinosa for hueichingensis(熟地黃) and Cornus officinalis S. et Z.(⼭茱萸) tonify Shin-won(腎元). The each principles of medicinal herbs corresponds to the stage of the "Cold-related Diarrhea in Soyangin Spleen Cold-based Exterior Cold disease(少陽人 脾受寒表寒病 亡陰病 身寒腹痛亡陰證)".

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.80.1-80.13
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• 2020

Background: In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production. Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions. Objectives: This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The impact of APB-13 on virus replication was examined through the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID₅₀). The mRNA and protein levels were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Tissue sections were used to detect intestinal morphological development. Results: The safe and effective concentration range of APB-13 on ST cells ranged from 0 to 62.5 ㎍/mL, and the highest viral inhibitory rate of APB-13 was 74.1%. The log₁₀TCID₅₀ of 62.5 ㎍/mL APB-13 was 3.63 lower than that of the virus control. The mRNA and protein expression at 62.5 ㎍/mL APB-13 was significantly lower than that of the virus control at 24 hpi. Piglets in the APB-13 group showed significantly lower viral shedding than that in the virus control group, and the pathological tissue sections of the jejunum morphology revealed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: APB-13 exhibited good antiviral effects on TGEV in vivo and in vitro.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.712-720
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rat corneal-derived epithelial cells as an in vitro model to evaluate the harmfulness of the cornea caused by particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5). To establish an experimental model for the effect of PM_2.5 on corneal epithelial cells, it was confirmed that primary cultured cells isolated from rat eyes were corneal epithelial cells through pan-cytokeratin staining. Our results showed that PM_2.5 treatment reduced cell viability of primary rat corneal epithelial (RCE) cells, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis. PM_2.5 treatment also increased the generation of reactive oxygen species due to mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines was increased in PM_2.5-treated RCE cells. Furthermore, through heatmap analysis showing various expression profiling between PM_2.5-exposed and unexposed RCE cells, we proposed five genes, including BLNK, IL-1RA, Itga2b, ABCb1a and Ptgs2, as potential targets for clinical treatment of PM-related ocular diseases. These findings indicate that the primary RCE cell line is a useful in vitro model system for the study of PM_2.5-mediated pathological mechanisms and that PM2.5-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses are key factors in PM2.5-induced ocular surface disorders.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2022

Reproductive disorders in cows cause economic loss in livestock farms. This study was carried out to investigate the incidence of endometriosis in the uterine of Korean indigenous cow (Hanwoo). In the present study, the uterine of 25 cows was provided by the slaughterhouse. As a result on a visual examination of the uterus, 18 out of 25 were visually normal, and 7 uteruses (28%) appeared rather pale and showed purulent or mucosal symptoms in Uterine horn. However, the results of hematological analysis showed that both RBC and WBC were normal and showed no signs of systemic inflammation, indicating 7 cows showed asymptomatic endometriosis. The inflammatory uterus (28%) showed a wide range of pathological conditions that elicit an inflammatory response, such as serous exudate and bleeding. Histological and microscopic analysis in the inflammatory group demonstrated that there was swelling of the uterine glands, and neutrophil, basophil, and lymphocyte appeared in the uterine gland. Moreover, plasma cells and hemosiderin-laden macrophages were increased in the endometrial stroma, which lead to inhibit pregnancy by suppression of the synthesis of pregnancy hormones, and the appearance of hemosiderin-laden macrophages is an indicator of intracellular bleeding. In summary, hematologically, it is a normal diagnosis in Korean indigenous cows, however, when the uterus was extracted and investigated microscopically, the asymptomatic endometriosis were evident. In order to achieve the goal of healthy cow management and breeding within 2 weeks after birth, cows' uterus should be washed, disinfected, and through thorough the hygiene management, it aims to prevent asymptomatic endometriosis to produce healthy offspring and reduce the breeding interval.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.371-395
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• 2022

Library and Information Science, traditionally a strong field of book and reading, can be said to play a leading and central role in bibliotherapy that heals human emotions, situations, and pathological symptoms through books and reading processes. Therefore, in this study, the perception and status of bibliotherapy were investigated by applying an academic and practical perspective to the field of library and Information Science, which has a very close relationship with bibliotherapy. First, the perception survey surveyed 200 students taking LIS - related classes at four-year universities in the Seoul metropolitan area on five topics (books, bibliotherapy, curriculum, libraries, and others) using keywords related to bibliotherapy. And then, the current status of bibliotherapy in the field of LIS was investigated by dividing it into a curriculum related to bibliotherapy and bibliotherapy activities in the library to examine it from an educational and practical perspective. Bibliotherapy related curriculum status survey explored and analyzed through bibliotherapy related keywords based on 32 universities with LIS departments among four-year universities in Korea. And bibliotherapy programs and reading lists were analyzed for 1,104 public libraries in Korea. Finally, based on the results of these surveys, the direction for the activation and development of bibliotherapy in the field of LIS was presented from the perspective of bibliotherapy participants and operators.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.604-615
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate cancer-specific survival (CSS) and associated risk factors in elderly gastric cancer (EGC) patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: EGC patients (≥ 70 yrs) who underwent curative gastrectomy between January 2013 and December 2017 at our hospital were included. Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival data were collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to extract the best cutoff point for body mass index (BMI). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the risk factors for CSS. RESULTS: In total, 290 EGC patients were included, with a median age of 74.7 yrs. The median follow-up time was 31 (1-77) mon. The postoperative 1-yr, 3-yr and 5-yr CSS rates were 93.7%, 75.9% and 65.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed risk factors for CSS, including age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.15), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (HR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.08-2.79), nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002) score ≥ 5 (HR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.49-3.75), and preoperative prognostic nutrition index score < 45 (HR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.27-3.33). The ROC curve showed that the best BMI cutoff value was 20.6 kg/m². Multivariate analysis indicated that a BMI ≤ 20.6 kg/m² (HR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.36-3.87), ICU admission (HR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.17-3.30) and TNM stage (stage II: HR = 5.56; 95% CI, 1.59-19.43; stage III: HR = 16.20; 95% CI, 4.99-52.59) were significantly associated with CSS. CONCLUSIONS: Low BMI (≤ 20.6 kg/m²), ICU admission and advanced pathological TNM stages (II and III) are independent risk factors for CSS in EGC patients after curative gastrectomy. Nutrition support, better perioperative management and early diagnosis would be helpful for better survival.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2023

Pathological wear across the entire dentition causes problems such as collapsed occlusal plane, reduced vertical dimension, anterior premature contact, inadequate anterior guidance, and tooth migration, thereby induce symptoms such as temporomandibular joint disorder, reduced masticatory efficiency, and tooth hypersensitivity. For the treatment of patients with excessive wear, evaluation of vertical dimension should be preceded along with analysis of the cause. The patient in this case was a 45-year-old female with a history of orthognathic surgery. Through clinical examination, radiographic examination, and model analysis, overall tooth wear, interdental spacing in the anterior maxillary region, retruded condylar position, and insufficient interocclusal space for prosthetic restoration were confirmed. Full mouth rehabilitation with increased vertical dimension was planned, the patient's adaptation to the new vertical dimension was evaluated with a removable occlusal splint and temporary prosthesis, and cross-mounting was performed based on the temporary restoration to fabricate the definitive zirconia prosthesis, maintaining the adjusted vertical dimension. It showed satisfactory functional and esthetic results through stable restoration of the occlusal relationship.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.419-455
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• 2015

In study I, Domain-Specific Risk Taking Scale(DOSPERT) was translated into Korean and was validated that it had 6 factors structure and showed adequate reliability and validity, using the data had been collected from 438 participants. In study 2, two research problems were examined using the data had been collected from 497 participants who were different from study I. First, the mediation effect of sensation seeking and perceived benefit on the relationship between narcissism and risk-taking were examined. Using path analysis, it found that sensation seeking and perceived benefit mediated the relationship between NPI narcissism and risk-taking fully, and between PNI narcissism and risk-taking partially. Seceond, the moderate effect of contingencies of self-worth(CSW) on the relationship between perceived benefit-risk and risk-taking was examined. Using multi-group analysis, it found that virtue CSW moderated the relationship between perceived benefit-risk and total risk-taking, various CSWs moderated the relationships between perceived benefit-risk and 6 sub domains of risk-taking. These results were compared with previous studies of risk-taking and discussed the relevance of the narcissistic type.