• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

We present domestic efforts for superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) application in the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) grid and pending points at issue. KEPCO's decision to upgrade the 154 kV/22.9 kV main transformer from 60 MVA to 100 MVA cast a problem of high fault current in the 22.9 kV distribution lines. The grid planners supported adopting an SFCL to control the fault current. This environment friendly to SFCL application must be highly dependent upon the successful development of SFCL having specifications that domestic utility required. The required conditions are (1) small size of not greater than twice of 22.9 kV gas insulated switch-gear (GIS), (2) sustainability of current limitation without the line breaking by circuit breakers (CB) for maximum 1.5 seconds. Also, optionally, recommended is (3) the reclosing capability. Conventional resistive SFCLs do not meet (1) $\sim$ (3) all together. A hybrid SFCL is an excellent solution to meet the conditions. The hybrid SFCL consists of HTS SFCL components for fault detection and line commutation, a fast switch (FS) to break the primary path, and a limiter. This characteristic structure not only enables excellent current limiting performances and the reclosing capability, but also allows drastic reduction of HTS volume and small size of the cryostat, resulting in economic feasibility and compactness of the equipment. External current limiter also enables long term limitation since it is far less sensitive to heat generation than HTS. Semi-active operation is another advantage of the hybrid structure. We will discuss more pending points at issues such as maintenance-free long term operation, small size to accommodate the in-house substation, passive and active control, back-up plans, diagnosis, and so on.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 초음파 의료 영상 시스템을 위한 아날로그 front-end 집적회로를 $0.18-{\mu}m$ 표준 CMOS 반도체 공정을 이용하여 설계하였다. 제안 된 front-end 회로는 2.6 MHz에서 15-V 고전압 펄스 신호를 생성하는 송신부와 고전압 차단 스위치 및 저전력 저잡음 증폭기에 해당하는 수신부를 모두 포함하고 있으며, 동작 모드에 따라서 송신부의 출력 드라이버를 수신단의 스위치 회로로 재구성이 가능하도록 설계를 하여 기존 front-end 회로와 비교하였을 때 한 채널 당 70% 이상의 칩 면적을 줄일 수 있다. 설계 된 단일 채널 front-end회로는 $0.045mm^2$ 이하의 작은 칩 면적을 차지함으로써 다중 어레이 방식의 초음파 의료 영상 시스템에 적용 시 작은 면적으로 구현이 가능하다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1625-1636
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• 2017

A power electronic transformer (PET) based on the cascaded H-bridge (CHB) and the isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter (IBDC) is capable of accommodating a large scale battery energy storage system (BESS) in the medium-voltage grid, and is referred to as a power electronic transformer based battery energy storage system (PET-BESS). This paper investigates the PET-BESS and proposes a coordinative control strategy for it. In the proposed method, the CHB controls the power flow and the battery state-of-charge (SOC) balancing, while the IBDC maintains the dc-link voltages with feedforward implementation of the power reference and the switch status of the CHB. State-feedback and linear quadratic Riccati (LQR) methods have been adopted in the CHB to control the grid current, active power and reactive power. A hybrid PWM modulating method is utilized to achieve SOC balancing, where battery SOC sorting is involved. The feedforward path of the power reference and the CHB switch status substantially reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations under dynamic power variations. The effectiveness of the proposed control has been verified both by simulation and experimental results. The performance of the PET-BESS under bidirectional power flow has been improved, and the battery SOC values have been adjusted to converge.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.423-424
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• 2011

본 논문은 IEEE 802.15.4g SUN (Smart utility network)을 지원하는 920 MHz 대역 RF 송수신단 통합회로 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 통합회로는 920 MHz에서 동작하고 구동증폭기, RF 스위치, 그리고 저잡음 증폭기로 구성되어 있다. 송신모드에서는 구동 증폭기가 동작하는데 싱글 구조로 설계되어 트랜스퍼머에 의한 출력 신호 손실을 제거 하였고 또한 RF 스위치의 위치를 수신단에 적용하여 출력 신호 손실을 제거 하였다. 수신모드에서는 RF 스위치와 저잡음 증폭기가 동작되는데 싱글 입력 신호에 대해 차동 출력 신호를 제공할 수 있다. 구동증폭기의 부하와 저잡음 증폭기의 입력 정합회로는 한 개의 LC 공진회로를 공유하여 칩 면적을 최소화 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 통합회로는 $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정을 사용하여 설계하였고, 1.8 V 공급 전압에서 구동증폭기는 3.6 mA, 저잡음 증폭기는 3.1 mA의 전류를 소모한다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

The benefit that a consumer derives from the use of a good often depends on the number of other consumers purchasing the same goods or other compatible items. This property, which is known as network externality, is significant in many IT related industries. Over the past few decades, network externalities have been recognized in the context of physical networks such as the telephone and railroad industries. Today, as many products are provided as a form of system that consists of compatible components, the appreciation of network externality is becoming increasingly important. Network externalities have been extensively studied among economists who have been seeking to explain new phenomena resulting from rapid advancements in ICT (Information and Communication Technology). As a result of these efforts, a new body of theories for 'New Economy' has been proposed. The theoretical bottom-line argument of such theories is that technologies subject to network effects exhibit multiple equilibriums and will finally lock into a monopoly with one standard cornering the entire market. They emphasize that such "tippiness" is a typical characteristic in such networked markets, describing that multiple incompatible technologies rarely coexist and that the switch to a single, leading standard occurs suddenly. Moreover, it is argued that this standardization process is path dependent, and the ultimate outcome is unpredictable. With incomplete information about other actors' preferences, there can be excess inertia, as consumers only moderately favor the change, and hence are themselves insufficiently motivated to start the bandwagon rolling, but would get on it once it did start to roll. This startup problem can prevent the adoption of any standard at all, even if it is preferred by everyone. Conversely, excess momentum is another possible outcome, for example, if a sponsoring firm uses low prices during early periods of diffusion. The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of the adoption process in markets exhibiting network effects by focusing on two factors; switching and agent heterogeneity. Switching is an important factor that should be considered in analyzing the adoption process. An agent's switching invokes switching by other adopters, which brings about a positive feedback process that can significantly complicate the adoption process. Agent heterogeneity also plays a important role in shaping the early development of the adoption process, which has a significant impact on the later development of the process. The effects of these two factors are analyzed by developing an agent-based simulation model. ABM is a computer-based simulation methodology that can offer many advantages over traditional analytical approaches. The model is designed such that agents have diverse preferences regarding technology and are allowed to switch their previous choice. The simulation results showed that the adoption processes in a market exhibiting networks effects are significantly affected by the distribution of agents and the occurrence of switching. In particular, it is found that both weak heterogeneity and strong network effects cause agents to start to switch early and this plays a role of expediting the emergence of 'lock-in.' When network effects are strong, agents are easily affected by changes in early market shares. This causes agents to switch earlier and in turn speeds up the market's tipping. The same effect is found in the case of highly homogeneous agents. When agents are highly homogeneous, the market starts to tip toward one technology rapidly, and its choice is not always consistent with the populations' initial inclination. Increased volatility and faster lock-in increase the possibility that the market will reach an unexpected outcome. The primary contribution of this study is the elucidation of the role of parameters characterizing the market in the development of the lock-in process, and identification of conditions where such unexpected outcomes happen.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2000

현재 온실에서 농작업을 작업기는 사람이 운전하고 있다. 온실 안은 무척이나 무덥고 열악한 작업조건이다. 그렇기 때문에 앞으로 무더운 온실내의 작업기 개발은 사람이 직접 운전하지 않고, 자동화에 의한 무인화 될 것으로 전망된다. 온실에서 자동화 및 무인화의 작업을 돕기 위하여 온실내의 경로(길)에 따라 자동적으로 이동할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하게 되었다. 이 시스템은 작업기의 자동화와 무인화를 위한 것이며, 이를 위하여 온실의 천장에 가이드를 연결한 후 이를 따라 시스템이 자동으로 이동할 수 있는 경로 자동변환 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 연마봉으로 만들어진 경로를 따라 선회 및 직선운동이 가능하며, 이 시스템은 경로 변경을 위한 리미트 스위치와 소프트웨어로 구성되어 있다. 이 시스템의 작동여부를 실험하기 위하여 시테핑모터를 가진 마이크로 마우스를 이용하였다. 견고한 실험실의 평면 위에서의 작동실험은 시스템 작동이 100% 성공률을 나타내었지만 모래위나 다른 조건에서는 성공률이 80% 이하로 낮게 나타났다. 실제 온실에서도 충분한 강도를 가진 연마봉을 이용하여 처짐에 대한 부분을 고려하여 사용한다면 경로를 따라 주행하는 이 시스템은 잘 작동할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 Ku-대역 소형 도플러 레이다용 수신부를 설계 및 제작하였다. 제작된 수신부는 총 5개의 수신 경로를 갖는 초고주파수신기와 중간주파수신기로 구성된다. 초고주파수신기의 초단에는 송신 누설 신호로부터 보호하기 위한 리미터가 적용되었으며, 최대 입력전력은 2 W이상이 되도록 설계 되었다. 중간주파수신기는 모드 선택 스위치를 통해 광대역 경로와 협대역 경로를 선택할 수 있게 설계하였다. 제안된 수신부는 이득 68 dB, 잡음지수 3.7 dB, 리미터 회복시간 93 ns가 측정되었다. 본 논문에서 제시한 수신부를 이용하여 Ku-대역 소형 도플러 레이다에 바로 적용이 가능할 것으로 예상한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2013

Power Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor's (MOSFETs) are well known for superior switching speed, and they require very little gate drive power because of the insulated gate. In these respects, power MOSFETs approach the characteristics of an "ideal switch". The main drawback is on-resistance RDS(on) and its strong positive temperature coefficient. While this process has been driven by market place competition with operating parameters determined by products, manufacturing technology innovations that have not necessarily followed such a consistent path have enabled it. This treatise briefly examines metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) device characteristics and elucidates important future issues which semiconductor technologists face as they attempt to continue the rate of progress to the identified terminus of the technology shrink path in about 2020. We could find at the electrical property as variation p base dose. Ultimately, its ON state voltage drop was enhanced also shrink chip size. To obtain an optimized parameter and design, we have simulated over 500 V Field ring using 8 Field rings. Field ring width was $3{\mu}m$ and P base dose was $1e15cm^2$. Also the numerical multiple $2.52cm^2$ was obtained which indicates the doping limit of the original device. We have simulated diffusion condition was split from $1,150^{\circ}C$ to $1,200^{\circ}C$. And then $1,150^{\circ}C$ diffusion time was best condition for break down voltage.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1217-1226
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• 2015

In a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system, the traditional Z-source inverter uses a low frequency transformer to ensure galvanic isolation between the grid and the PV system. In order to combine the advantages of both Z-source inverters and transformerless PV inverters, this paper presents a modified single-phase transformerless Z-source PV grid-connected inverter and a corresponding PWM strategy to eliminate the ground leakage current. By utilizing two reversed-biased diodes, the path for the leakage current is blocked during the shoot-through state. Meanwhile, by turning off an additional switch, the PV array is decoupled from the grid during the freewheeling state. In this paper, the operation principle, PWM strategy and common-mode (CM) characteristic of the modified transformerless Z-source inverter are illustrated. Furthermore, the influence of the junction capacitances of the power switches is analyzed in detail. The total losses of the main electrical components are evaluated and compared. Finally, a theoretical analysis is presented and corroborated by experimental results from a 1-kW laboratory prototype.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.19-19
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• 2005

This paper reports a novel magnetic force-based microfluidic immunoassay using microbeads and magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic force-based immunoassay was devised first and successfully applied to detect the rabbit IgG as the model analyte of microfluidic sandwich immunoassay. The microchannels were fabricated by poly(dimethysiloxane) (PDMS) molding processes and bonded on a slide glass by plasma treatment. At the part of the inlet, sample solution was hydrodynamically focused. The focused microbeads of sample solution were flowed through the 150 ${\mu}m$ width channel of outlet. However, when the microbeads are conjugated with the superparamagnetic nanoparticles under the applied magnetic fields, they will switch their flow path and flow through the 95 ${\mu}m$ width channel of outlet. The movements of microbeads conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles were demonstrated by magnetic field $gradients.^{1)}$ High magnetic field gradients using micro electromagnets could be applied to this detection method for high sensitivity and lower detection limit. In addition, the multiplexed $immunoassay^{2)}$ using an encoded microbead which is immobilized with a certain antibody could be possible using this detection principle.