• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2008

돈분액비의 DM 농도와 분시 차이가 동계사료작물의 생산성 및 토양특성에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위해 2005년 11월부터 2006년 6월까지 제주특별자치도 축산진흥원 사료작물 포장에서 동계사료작물 호밀을 이용하여 수행되었다. 시험은 주구 2처리(고농도 DM 7.0%, 저농도 DM 1.6% 돈분액비), 세구 2처리(기비 100%, 기비 50%와 추비 50% 시용)를 각 각 4반복 분할구법으로 설계하였다. 고농도 돈분액비 시용이 저농도 액비 보다 호밀의 초장과 건물수량에 통계적으로 유의적 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 호밀의 조단백질 함량은 액비를 기비만 시용하는 것 보다 분시하므로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 돈분액비 시용으로 호밀의 대량무기물(P, K, Ca, Mg 및 Na)이나 미량무기물(Cu, Fe, Mn 및 Zn) 함량에 차이를 주지 않았고 동계사료작물 호밀을 재배했던 토양의 이, 화학적 특성에도 분뇨처리 효과가 없었다. 다만 호밀의 평균 P함량 0.16%는 화본과 작물 적정수준 $0.2{\sim}0.4%$보다 부족했고 호밀재배 토양의 pH(5.5), OM(13.3%), 유효인산(47.6mg/kg) 및 Ca(2.75) 함량은 농경지 토양 수준 보다 부족하였다. 결론적으로 DM 7.0%의 고농도 액비시용은 DM 1.6%의 저농도 액비 보다 호밀의 생산성 향상을 가져 왔으나 재배 토양의 이, 화학적 특성에 변화를 주지 않았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 1993

휴경지에서의 집약적인 단기간(3∼6년) 초지이용체계에 적합한 혼파유형을 제시하고자 orchardgrass (OG) 단파, orchardgrass(OG) + red clover(RC) 단순혼파 및 orchardgrass + tall fescue + Kentucky bluegrass + ladino clover에 의한 다초종 혼파(cormplex mixtures, C. Mix) 등의 처리를 두어 이들 혼파유형이 목초의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 3년간(1989∼'91) 시험하였다. 3년간의 ha당 평균 건물수량은 OG구(10,709kg)나 C. Mix구(11,371kg)에 비하여 OG+RC구(11,849kg)가 높았다(P<0.05). 조단백질함량은 처리간에 차이가 없었으나 3년간 평균 가소화 유기물함량은 OG구보다 OG+RC구가 높았다(P<0.05). ha당 조단백질수량은 OG구(1,816kg)나 C. Mix구(2,053kg)에 비하여 OG+RCf(2.231kg)가 높았고(P<0.01), 가소화 유기물수량도 OG구(6,116kg)나 C. Mix구(6,817kg)에 비하여 OG+RC구(7,147kg)가 높았다(P<0.05). 한편 체중 kg당 건물섭취량은 처리간에 차이가 없었으나 두당 유기물 섭취량은 OG구(377g)보다 OG+RC구(388g)와 C. Mix구(392g)에서 높았다(P<0.01). 이상의 결과를 검토할 때 OG+RC 단순혼파가 단기간의 집약적인 초지이용에 가장 적합하다고 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 1998

곁뿌림 산지초지의 조성, 수량, 식생 및 목초품질 등에 미치는 3요소($N-P_2O_5-K_20$:0-0-0; 0-10-10; 6-15-15; 12-20-20; 24-25-20 kg/l0a/year)와 소석회 (0, 250kg/10a; 조성시만 시용)의 시용효과를 구명하는 10년간 시험후, 별도로 사심별 토괴의 화학성 등을 조사하였으며, 본보에서는 치환성 체기간 다양한 상호비율 및 사괴 보존성의 가시적 변화를 검토하였다. 1. 사괴비옥도 특성 및 grass tetany 임계수준과 연관하여, 치환성 고기관화비 Ca:Mg:K(% of CEC)와 Ca:Mg:K(K=I), $K/\sqrt{Ca+Mg}$, Mg/K, K/Mg 및 Ca/Mg 당량비를 처리별 및 사심별로 검토하였다. 시험전, 후 이들 비율은 대체로 불균형 및 부적합 하였으며, Mg 시용이 없는 석회 및 3요소 시비는 이틀 고기비를 더욱 부적합하게 하였다. 대체로 Mg>Ca>K 순으로 불량한 요인을 보였다. 2. 석회 시용은 Ca 관화비, Ca/Mg 및 Ca:K 당량비를 상승시켰고, $K/\sqrt{Ca+Mg}$ 당량비는 하락시 켰으나 적정비 수준에는 크게 미흡하였다. 3요소 수준에서 무비구 및 다비구(질소다비)는 소비구와 보비구에 비해 K 관화비 및 $K/\sqrt{Ca+Mg}$가 더 낮았다. 3. 사괴 보존성은 시비관리에 따른 수량성/식생율 과 밀접한 연관성을 보였다. 3요소 무시용구는 수량/ 식생의 불량으로 심한 침식(3등급), 심사의 노출, 척 갈색 사색, 석진의 노출(피복율 18.8%)을 보였다. 시복량의 중가에 따라 토양 보존성이 향상되었고, 3요소 보비구 및 다비구에서는 침식이 거의 없고(1등급), 지표면에 유기질/잔해물의 퇴척충이 형성되었으며, 표사는 암갈색을 띄었고, 석력의 지표 피복율은 모두 0.1% 이하로 거의 노출되지 않했다. 석회 시비로 인한 두과목초의 수량/식생의 양호는 토양 보존성을 증대시켰다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.1407-1416
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of genotype (slower-growing vs. fast-growing) and production system (access to outdoors vs. indoor) on the growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality (chemical composition, physicochemical and sensory properties) of chickens. The experiment was performed on 1,040 day-old hybrid male chickens of two genotypes. Slower-growing chickens (Hubbard JA957, certified) and fast-growing chickens (Hubbard F15) were fed identical diets until 65 days of age. Both genotypes (each represented by 520 birds) were divided into two subgroups and were raised in pens on litter with outdoor access or in indoor confinement without outdoor access (four replications per subgroup, each of 65 birds). Until day 21, the birds stayed in the indoor facility, in deep-litter pens. The birds could forage on pasture 12 h daily, commencing at three weeks of age. Stocking density was 0.13 $m^2$ floor space per bird in pens on litter, and 0.8 $m^2$ per bird in grassy yards. Compared with fast-growing, slower-growing chickens were significantly lighter (by 17%), had a lower breast and thigh muscle yield and a higher abdominal fat content, but they were characterized by higher survival rates at 65 days, a higher protein content and a lower fat content of breast meat. Outdoor access had no negative effects on the growth performance, muscle yield, the fatty acid profile and oxidative status of meat lipids. The meat of free-range chickens was darker in color, it had a higher protein content and a better water-holding capacity, but it was less juicy than the meat of birds raised indoors.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pollutant loads and its distribution, and to suggest the management of nonpoint sources in Daechong Reservoir. The loads from point and nonpoint sources such as population, industry, livestock and land use were calculated per stream or river with topography(1:25,000) of the watershed of Daechong Reservoir. The generating pollutant loads were obtained through multiplication of pollutant sources by generating pollutant quantity per unit pollutant source. The effluent point sources loads is defined as loads from wastewater treatment facilities such as domestic, industrial and livestock wastewater treatment facilities, which were calculated through multiplication of effluent flowrates by water quality constituents concentration. Untreated point sources loads were estimated to be 35 % of total point sources loads. The effluent nonpoint sources pollutant loads were obtained through the multiplication of generating nonpoint sources loads by effluent ratios based on previous studies. The effluent nonpoint sources loads have the ratio of 26.2% of total BOD effluent loadings, 20.1% of total T-N effluent loadings, and 10.5% of total T-P effluent loadings. For the reduction of nonpoint sources loads in Daechong Reservoir, silviculture, artificial wet land, and grassed waterways could be applied. And untreated livestock waste scattered can result in nonpoint loadings, so required the livestock wastes treatment facilities and purifying facilities together with the management of shed, pasture, livestock waste storage site and composting site. Finally, remote sensing and GIS should be applied to the identification of distribution of water quality, watershed, the location and scale of nonpoint sources, effluent process during rainfall, for more detailed analysis of nonpoint sources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.296-300
• /
• 2005

Human-induced soil salinity is becoming a major threat to agriculture across the world. This salinisation occurs in both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural zones with the highest proportions in the arid and semi-arid environments. Livestock can play an important role in the management and rehabilitation of this land. There are a range of plants that grow in saline soils and these have been used as animal feed. In many situations, animal production has been poor as a result of low edible biomass production, low nutritive value, depressed appetite, or a reduction in efficiency of energy use. Feeding systems are proposed that maximise the feeding value of plants growing on saline land and integrate their use with other feed resources available within mixed livestock and crop farming systems. Salt-tolerant pastures, particularly the chenopod shrubs, have moderate digestible energy and high crude protein. For this reason they represent a good supplement for poor quality pastures and crop residues. The use of salt-tolerant pasture systems not only provides feed for livestock but also may act as a bio-drain to lower saline water tables and improve the soil for growth of alternative less salt tolerant plants. In the longer term there are opportunities to identify and select more appropriate plants and animals for saline agriculture.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2004

National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW 시스템 (http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/${\sim}napra$)은 각기 다른 영농방법이 지표수질, 유사, 그리고 지하수질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 개발되었다. 이 NAPRA WWW 시스템은 Total Maximum Daily Loads와 같은 수질 요건을 만족시킬 수 있는 최적영농 방법이 무엇인지 찾는데, 그리고 수질측면에서 취약한 지역을 찾아내는데 매우 효율적인 시스템이다. 이 NAPRA WWW 시스템을 이용하여 미국 인디애나주의 수계에 대해서, NAPRA 모의 Nitrogen과 Atrazine 결과를 실측치와 비교하였다. 18개 수계에 대해서 NAPRA 예측 질소값과 실측 질소값을 비교한 결과 $R^2$ 값은 0.51이고, 6개 수계에 대해서 NAPRA 예측 Atrazine값과 실측값을 비교한 결과 $R^2$ 값은 0.87이었다. 이 연구에서 보여지는 바와 같이 NAPRA WWW 시스템은 수계내에서 질소와 Atrazine에 따른 오염지역을 찾아내는데 효율적으로 사용될 수 있는 시스템이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.1162-1172
• /
• 2000

The research was conducted to quantify farm and household characteristics of sheep farmers, evaluate farmer access to and the effectiveness of livestock services in sheep farming areas, and examine regional constraints to improving sheep productivity and profitability in Nepal. A rapid diagnostic socioeconomic survey of 200 sheep farmers was carried out in 1996 and all four ecological regions (Trans-Himalayan, Mountains, Hills and Terai), each with a distinct local sheep breed, were represented in the survey. Six major constraints were identified: (a) poor performance of local sheep breeds, (b) a serious seasonal deficit of pasture and other feed, (c) the lack of an organized market for wool and meat, (d) poor access to agricultural credit, (e) primitive shearing equipment, and (f) an inadequate supply of drinking water for sheep. Strategies to assist farmers develop their sheep management skills, improve access and quality of support services, improved technology adaptable to local conditions and effective linkages with local carpet and meat industry are likely to overcome the constraints and alleviate persistent poverty faced by sheep farmers in Nepal.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.295-306
• /
• 1994

The object of this experiment was to suggest the suitable cutting frequency and cutting height for orchardgrass (0G)-red clover(RC) mixtures under the intensive system of short-term pasture utilization. The fields trials were conducted over 3-year period(1991-1993) to evaluate dry matter yield, botanical composition, chemical composition and CP, DDM yield on the cutting frequency (30, 40 and 50 days) and cutting height(5, 7 and 9cm) With decreasing the cutting frequency, the DM yield of OG in the OG-RC mixtures was significantly increased(P

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 1992

Cheju Island has an optimal environment for herviborous animal production. However, the infrastructure has been degraded under the pressure from the development of tourism and thus the technological development for livestock production has not been great. This is the time to re-evaluate and re-direct the system of livestock production on the island. My suggestions on the development of grassland agriculture on the island are as follows : 1. Grassland area of Cheju, 65,695 ha should be maintained and the local government should try to improve more grasslands which can hold 3 or more cattle per ha on pasture. including enterpriseowned lands. 2. For better management of co-operatives village. the local government should evaluate the conditions of the grasslands yearly after being grazed and suggest a new management method accordingly. 3. In order to strengthen grassland research. it is recommended that Cheju Experiment Station be reorganized as a Grassland Research Institute or Department of Grassland Science be added. 4. [mport of good forage varieties. especially legumes, from foreign countries and distribution to farmers after adaption studies, are required to improve nutritive values of forage produced. 5. Methods for production of good quality forage seeds at rcasonablc prices should be established.