• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 띠형 강보강재에 '${\sqcap}$' 형태의 수동저항부재를 설치하는 보강재에 대한 인발시험 결과를 바탕으로 수동저항부재의 간격 및 설치위치에 따른 간섭효과를 분석하였다. 수동저항부재에서 발현되는 최대수동저항력은 수동저항부재의 설치 위치에 따라 차이가 발생하였으며, 전면벽체에 근접하여 설치된 수동저항부재에서 더 큰 수동저항력이 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 최대인발력을 사용하여 간섭계수(DI)를 평가한 결과, 지지부재 직경과 간격의 비(S/B)가 동일한 경우에는 수동저항부재의 설치 위치에 따른 인발력 차이를 반영하지 못하는 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 최대수동저항력을 사용하여 간섭계수(F)를 산정할 경우에는 수동저항부재의 설치 간격뿐만 아니라, 수동저항부재의 설치 위치에 따른 최대수동저항력 차이를 반영하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.419-426
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• 2002

In this study, the steel strip reinforcement bolted with braced angles is displayed skin friction resistance as well as passive resistance through existing the steel strip reinforcement. To understand pullout behavior characteristics, friction effects between soil and reinforcement are evaluated with the width of reinforcement, magnitude of surcharge, and existence of passive resistance member through laboratory pullout test. To analyze interference effects for passive resistance member, various tests are carried on case that the number, the location, and the spacing of braced angles are different. Using this test result, pullout resistance factor is calculated to consider location of braced angles and degree of interference for spacing ratio.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.675-688
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• 2017

The anchor block is a specially designed concrete member intended to withstand pullout or thrust forces from backfill material of an internally stabilized anchored earth retaining wall by passive resistance of soil in front of the block. This study presents small-scale laboratory experimental works to investigate the pullout capacity of a concrete anchor block embedded in air dry sand and located at different distances from yielding boundary wall. The experimental setup consists of a large tank made of fiberglass sheets and steel framing system. A series of tests was carried out in the tank to investigate the load-displacement behavior of anchor block. Experimental results are then compared with the theoretical approaches suggested by different researchers and codes. The appropriate placement of an anchor block and the passive resistance coefficient, which is multiplied by the passive resistance in front of the anchor block to obtain the pullout capacity of the anchor, were also studied.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2014

Group communication is becoming increasingly popular in Internet applications such as videoconferences, online chatting programs, games, and gambling. For secure communications, the integrity of messages, member authentication, and confidentiality must be provided among group members. To maintain message integrity, all group members use the Group Key (GK) for encrypting and decrypting messages while providing enough security to protect against passive attacks. Tree-based Group Diffie-Hellman (TGDH) is an efficient group key agreement protocol to generate the GK. TGDH assumes all members have an equal computing power. One of the characteristics of distributed computing and grid environments is heterogeneity; the member can be at a workstation, a laptop or even a mobile computer. Member reordering in the TDGH protocol could potentially lead to an improved protocol; such reordering should capture the heterogeneity of the network as well as latency. This research investigates dynamic reordering mechanisms to consider not only the overhead involved but also the scalability of the proposed protocol.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2003

원격 교육 시스템은 멀티캐스트를 사용함으로써 교육 내용을 전송하는 서버의 부하를 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 네트워크 대역폭을 효율적으로 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문은 원격 교육 시스템을 지원하기 위한 멀티캐스트 미들웨어를 설계, 구현한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 멀티캐스트 미들웨어는 다음과 같은 특성을 갖는다: 1) 피동적 멤버를 위한 중앙 집중적인 멀티캐스트 그룹 관리를 통해 특정 수신자 그룹을 송신자가 지정하여 멀티캐스트 전송 2) 그룹 관리 서버와 멤버의 비정상적인 종료로 발생되는 예외 처리를 위한 멀티캐스트 그룹 정보 유지/복구 3) 대용량 멀티미디어 데이타의 멀티캐스트 전송을 위한 단편화 및 역단편화 지원과 버퍼 공유를 통한 추가적인 데이타 복사의 제거. 개발된 미들웨어는 30대의 PC가 Fast Ethernet으로 연결되어 있는 원격 교육 시스템에 실제로 적용하여 초당 18프레임의 320 $\times$ 120 픽셀의 해상도를 갖는 동영상과 128kbps의 음성 데이타, 기타 텍스트 메시지를 멀티캐스팅을 통해 요구 조건을 만족하는 송수신 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2021

Objectives: Life course exposure to passive smoke may predict health, but there are few validated measures. We tested the reliability and validity of a retrospective life course passive smoking questionnaire. Methods: Participants from the third follow-up of the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study (2014-2019, ages 36-49 years) retrospectively reported mother/father/other household member smoking when living at home during childhood, including duration (years) and smoking location (never/sometimes/always inside house). The severity of exposure index (SEI; sum of mother/father/other years smoked multiplied by smoking location), cumulative years of exposure (CYE; sum of mother/father/other years), and total household smokers (THS) were derived. The reliability of retrospective passive smoking reports was examined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) using household smoking reported 34 years earlier in 1985 by participants when aged 7-15 years. Construct validity was examined by correlating retrospective passive smoking with participants' smoking in adulthood and lung function in childhood and adulthood. Results: Among 2082 participants (mean±standard deviation [SD], 45.0±2.5 years; 55.2% females), THS ranged from 0 to 5 (mean±SD, 0.9±1.0), CYE ranged from 0 to 106 (mean±SD, 10.5±13.9), and SEI ranged from 0 to 318 (mean±SD, 24.4±36.0). Retrospective measures showed moderate agreement with total household smokers reported in childhood (ICC, 0.58 to 0.62). The retrospective measures were weakly but significantly (p<0.05) correlated with participants' smoking (r=0.13 to 0.15) and lung function (r= -0.05 to -0.06). Conclusions: The retrospective passive smoking questionnaire showed reasonable reliability and validity. This measure may be useful for epidemiological studies.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2016

This study proposes a dynamic reliability analysis of control system as a method of quantitative evaluation of its performance in probabilistic terms. In this dynamic reliability analysis, the failure event is defined as an event that the dynamic response of the structural system exceeds a displacement limit, whereas the conventional reliability analysis method has limitations that do not properly assess the actual time history response of the structure subjected to dynamic loads, such as earthquakes and high winds, by taking the static response into account in the failure event. In this first paper, we discuss the control effect of the viscous damper on the seismic performance of the member-level failure where the failure event of the structural member consists of the union set of time-sequential member failures during the earthquake excitations and the failure probability of the earthquake-excited structural member is computed using system reliability approach to consider the statistical dependence of member failures between the subsequent time points. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach can present a reliable assessment of the control performance of the viscous damper system in comparison with MCS method. The most important advantage of the proposed approach can provide us more accurate estimate of failure probability of the structural control system by using the actual time-history responses obtained by dynamic response analysis.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

This study proposes an appropriate level of insulation standards by region through annual heating energy requirements according to regional climate. The reference buildings out of non-residential buildings approved by the energy saving design standard for buildings were derived in the previous study, in which the annual heating energy requirements for each building were as follows when the insulation standard for building members in four regions (Pyeongchang, Seoul, Gwang-ju, and Jeju) suggested by the energy saving design standard for buildings: $29.8kWh/m^2$ in Pyeongchang, $17.5kWh/m^2$ in Seoul, $14.4kWh/m^2$ in Gwangju, and $16.7kWh/m^2$ in Jeju. To satisfy the passive level of insulation standards for these buildings, in case that roof/floor of buildings in Pyeongchang and Seoul was $0.2W/m^2K$, the minimum window thermal transmittance should satisfy $0.9W/m^2K$ and the minimum wall thermal transmittance should satisfy $0.1W/m^2K$ in the case of Pyeongchang. On the other hand, the minimum window thermal transmittance should satisfy $1.5W/m^2K$ and the minimum wall thermal transmittance should satisfy $0.14W/m^2K$ in the case of Seoul. For Jeju regions, the minimum wall thermal transmittance should satisfy $0.34W/m^2K$ to meet the passive level of buildings. Based on the above results, the thermal transmittance of each member by region should take the outdoor climate condition of the region into consideration to satisfy the passive level of buildings.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문초록집
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• pp.309.2-309
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• 2002

This paper is concerned with the development of the vibration isolation system using piezoelectric actuators and sensors. The active vibration absorber system consists of 4 pairs of PZT actuators bonded on aluminum plates making s- shaped device. Hence, the active system is directly connected to the passive system. The rubber attached to the end of the beam is connected to the upper base as a structural member. It allows bending thus maximizing the vertical movement generated by the piezoceramic actuators. (omitted)

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 지지부재가 설치된 띠형 강보강재에 대한 실내인발시험을 수행하였다. 주문진 표준사를 사용하여 상대밀도 80%인 모형지반을 조성하였고, 지지부재의 개수를 0~2개로 구분하여 실내인발시험을 수행하였다. 상재압은 $50kN/m^2{\sim}200kN/m^2$까지 4단계로 구분하여 적용하였고, 1mm/min 속도로 강보강재를 인발하였다. 표면이 매끄러운 띠형 강보강재의 인발저항력은 보강재 표면과 지반 사이에서 마찰저항만 발현되기 때문에 인발 초기에 급격히 증가하다가 지속적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타낸다. 반면, 지지부재를 설치한 강보강재의 인발저항력은 마찰저항뿐만 아니라 수동저항도 함께 발현되므로 계속적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 보강재의 형태에 관계없이 최대인발저항은 상재압이 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 지지부재를 1개 설치한 경우에 비해 지지부재를 2개 설치했을 때의 최대수동저항은 작게 나타났다. 이는 지지부재의 설치 간격 및 위치에 따라 지지부재에서 발현되는 수동저항의 크기가 다르기 때문에 나타나는 현상으로 판단되며, 지지부재 설치 위치 및 간격에 따른 추가 인발시험을 통해 확인할 필요가 있다.