• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집(제2권)
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• pp.13-17
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• 2006

Almost every day close passage or near miss events happens in south part of Istanbul Strait between the vessel runs in the local area and pass strait transit. The vessels run in the local area pass close bow or aft of transit vessel or come close and wait for transit vessel because of inexperienced or incompetent skipper or because of time limitation or failure in technical equipment or lack of technical equipment or old equipment. This close passages create profound dangers for the surroundings. By the this research has been aimed to point out mentioned dangers by the concrete as number. For this purpose has been utilized JMS Ship Handling Simulator which has been settled in ITU Maritime Faculty and Environmental Stress Model which has been built up and improved in Inoue Laboratory. Has been put in the senarios which been played during simulation implementations transferred to the numerical risk occured during passage of South Part of Istanbul Strait by the Environmental Stress Model . Thus so, the riskwhich Istanbul Strait face everyday has been expressed as numerical and concrete.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2020

우리나라 초등학교의 학급당 학생 수는 평균 22.3명(2017년 기준)으로 우선 OECD 평균인 21.3명에 비해 1명 정도가 더 많은 수준이다. 최근에 교사들이 OECD 상위수준인 초등 19.2명(2015년 기준)으로 학급당 학생 수를 감축하라고 요구하고 있는 상황을 반영한다면 초등학교 학급당 인원은 최대 20명 정도로 귀결될 듯하다. 본 연구는 20명 수준에 맞는 학급교실의 모듈을 설정하기 위한 사전 연구로서 모듈결정에 주요 변인이 되는 교실에서의 각 지점의 통로폭을 현장조사를 통하여 살펴보았다. 남양주 지역에 위치한 2010년 이후에 개교한 초등학교 중 학급당 학생 수가 가장 많은 학교 1, 평균에 가까운 학교 3, 가장 적은 학교 1개교 총 5개교를 대상으로 하였다. 각 학교 당 저, 중, 고학년 각 2학급씩 총 30개의 교실을 대상으로 학급교실에 필요한 교사 및 학생들의 개인공간 크기, 교구를 둘러싼 통로 폭을 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교실의 크기를 결정짓는 가장 기초적인 단위공간인 학생들의 책걸상으로 학년에 관계없이 책상은 650(W)×450(D), 걸상은 380(W)×400(D)의 규격을 사용하고 있다. 책상 간 거리는 앞뒤 거리는 45cm의 걸상 깊이(D)에 뒤 책상 경계와 5cm의 여유를 둔 50cm로 보는 것이 타당하다. 따라서 학생 1인당 단위공간의 크기는 650(W)×950(D)이 된다. 둘째, 대부분(87%)의 교실들이 일제식의 책상배치를 하고 있고, 모둠학습 형태로 배치되어 있는 학급은 13%로 조사되어 대부분의 학급이 평상시에는 일제식 수업으로 이루어지고 있다. 셋째, 교실에서 학생들이 이동 가능한 통로 폭은 조사한 학교들의 평균값에 의거하여 ① 칠판과 최전열 책상 간 최소 폭은 2.17m ② 최후열 걸상에서 뒤쪽 사물함과의 최소 통로 폭 1.32m ③ 복도쪽 벽에서 책상(걸상)까지 최소 폭 0.8m ④ 창가에서 책상 간 최소 폭 0.8m ⑤ 책상 간 종통로 2개의 평균 폭은 각각 0.67m, 0.68m로 나타났다. 넷째, 교사 공간의 면적은 가로 2.1~ 2.25m ×세로 2.16m=4.5~4.8㎡로 나타났다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.183-195
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• 1996

A barotropic non-linear numerical model is used to study the response of the Yellow Sea to winter cyclone passage. Cyclones normally come from the outside of the western boundary, China, and pass the region eastward. The cyclone parameters used for the present study are the following: the intensity, i.e., the maximum wind speed of the cyclone; the effective radius corresponding to this maximum; and the translation speed. The equations of motion are integrated over the depth which is supposed to be a constant. The Gaussian function is used to define the stream function of the wind. The following results have been found. A northward current is generated by the frontal part of the cyclone near the western boundary. After the cyclone leaves the sea area, a southward current is generated by the rear part of the cyclone. After that, a northward current is generated once again due to the westward propagating Rossby waves. The response of the sea to the cyclone passage is strongly influenced by a steady current when the steady current and the current due to the cyclone wind are of the same order. The steady current diminishes the sea response and reduces the speed of the southward current, and enhances the northward current speed. The intensity and the translation speed of a cyclone also influence the flow pattern significantly.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.3553-3558
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• 2009

불꽃점화 엔진의 냉각수 유동 특성을 개선하기위하여 본 연구가 수행되었다. 배기밸브와 배기 포트의 냉각수 유로에서의 유동특성이 중점적으로 고려되었다. 베이스 모델의 수치해석적 분석에서 2번 실린더의 배기 밸브사이에 유동 정체가 발견되었다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 관련된 냉각수 통로를 재설계하고 최적화 하였다. 또한 배기가스의 온도를 낮추는 냉각수 코어 모델을 설계하기 위하여 배기매니폴드 하부의 냉각수 통로를 보강 설계하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 실린더 헤드와 블록사이의 냉각수 유동을 제어하는 가스킷의 중요성을 확인하였으며, 질량분포의 개선을 통하여 배기밸브 사이와 실린더헤드에서의 유동 특성을 개선하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.36-41
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• 2001

In order to simulate wake of stator and a gas turbine engine's balde row, acryl cylinder and a linear turbine cascade were used respectively in this study. Experimental of heat transfer distributions was done on the passage endwall and blade suction surface. Temperature distributions on the experimental regions were obtained through image processing system by using the cholesteric type liquid crystal which has chain structure of metyl$(CH_3)$. To represent the degree of heat transfer, dimensionless St number was used. The results show that heat transfer on the blade suction surface was increased due to the wake from the cylinder and was decreased as the distance between cylinder row and blade row increases. Because of groth of passage vortex, heat transfer distributions on the trailing edge area showed triangular shape which was little changed with wake. On the other hand, heat transfer on the passage endwall was decreased due to the wake from cylinder. As the distance between cylinder row and blade row increases, heat transfer was more decreased.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1992년도 학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.53-61
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• 1992

This study aims to find out about the traditional life and consciousness of the Yi dynasty used its residence as the place where rites of passage were heid. This study is tuying to classify the rites of passage according to the procedures by which those rituals are being held and to analyze them based upon the space where rituals take place. The results of research and analysis are as follows : 1. The most frequently used area in the house as a variety of ceremonies were held includes SARANGBANG and DAECHUNG belonging to SARANGCHE and ANBANG and DAECHUNG that belong to ANCHE. So naturally these areas are located in the main space of the house. 2. ANMADANG as well as SARANGMADANG was used as the main walkway in the house and as the main place for the ceremonies such as marriage and funenal. MADANG space in the house played a semi-indoor-space fole andperformed the functions which limited indoor space couldu's carry out when ceremonies took place. 3. It seems that SADANG had net been utilized in the daily routine but located within the residence due to the ritualism.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.122-134
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• 1995

The present study was investigated combustion characteristics of methane-air mixtures at stratified charge in a constant volume combustion chamber. The main results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows. In case of ${\phi}_s=1.0$, total burning times greatly affected rather than initial time of pressure increase and maximum combustion pressure. In case of ${\phi}_t=1.0$, initial time of pressure increase and total burning times were affected considerably in comparison with the case of ${\phi}_s=1.0$. Also, even the very lean mixture which total equivalence ratio is ${\phi}_t=0.69$(${\phi}_s=1.0$, ${\phi}_m=0.65$), by changing configuration of the critical passage-hole and using a stratified mixture, it is possible to decrease substantially the initial time of pressure increase. total burning times and NOx concentration without deteriorating combustion characteristics such as maximum combustion pressure, rate of heat release etc. in comparison with the use of single chamber(in case of ${\phi}=1.0$) only. Specifically, our trends were revealed remarkably in the case of Type D which is reduced a flame contact area of sub-chamber side of the passage-hole.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2005

There are wide variations in the definition and functions of tri-jiao among investigators in the area of Chinese medicine. Given a wide spectrum of views, it is difficult to identify uniform opinions about the definition and functions of tri-jiao. This paper is intended to clarify the meaning of the tri-jiao, which was presented as 'it builds a waterway and serves as the passage for the flow of Shuidao' in ${\ulcorner}\;SuWen\;\cdot\;Linglanbidianlun\;{\lrcorner}$ a classic text of traditional Chinese medicine. Investigators have been divided in their opinions in interpreting this reference; some claim that tri-jiao regulates fluid metabolism in the entire body while others assert that the role of tri-jiao is limited to lower-jiao that controls urination function. However, this does not appear convincing given the description in other texts of ${\ulcorner}\;SuWen\;\cdot\;Linglanbidianlun\;{\lrcorner}$, in which functions of 12 organs were explained in a summarized manner. The assumption that the role of tri-jiao is closely linked with lower-jiao seems to have deviated from the meaning of the original texts. Besides, fluid metabolism involves the entire body, and any pathological changes caused by disorders of fluid metabolism can affect any part of the body, not only the lower area of the body cavity. The phrase, 'passage for the flow of Shuidao,' expressed in the texts of ${\ulcorner}\;SuWen\;\cdot\;Linglanbidianlun\;{\lrcorner}$ is likely to mean that body fluid is also distributed and transported to the whole body along with primordial-Qi via tri-jiao. The phrase, 'passage for the flow of Shuidao' means that tri-jiao is involved in regulating body fluid metabolism and that it plays an important role in fluid distribution.

• 동굴
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• 제85호
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• pp.35-37
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• 2008

It's been confirmed that Ondal Cave has gone through secondary cave formations. The comprehensive geological and regional characteristics of Ondal Cave have been investigated. According to the said investigation, geographical features need to be properly used in considerations for natural characteristics by area, and a passage should be developed.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2014

Entrance floor in hospital has became important space for medical service in holistic perspective and image enhancement. However, basically a discussion of the qualitative properties and the role of public space is paucity in change of public spaces paradigm. In accordance with this problem, this study consider the change of paradigm in public space based on earlier studies and create classification criterion of space. According to the criterion, G/D ratio and the qualitative spatial area ratio of 26 general hospitals which were planned over 500 beds are analyzed by case study method. The conclusion of this study is as follows. 1) The space according to the medical function is variable element. So the public space should be planned from function-subordinate space to self-reliance space in the future. 2) There is no correlation between the high G/D ratio and the high ratio of qualitative spacial area. In other word It's hard to say that the public space which G/D ratio is high is qualitative space. 3) Since 2000, various types in accordance with the circulation system is applied to public space. And ratio of qualitative spacial area is relatively high in the street type and the concourse type. 4) The qualitative spatial area ratio of stay space is higher than passage's one.