• 대한의사협회지
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.749-755
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• 2018

Particulate matter is an air pollutant emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and its adverse health effects have been well documented in time-series analyses and cohort studies. The effect size of particulate matter exposure-a roughly 0.5% increase in mortality for each $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increment of short-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ${\leq}10{\mu}m$ and approximately a 10% increase for each $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increment of long-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$-is small compared to other risk factors, but the exposure is involuntary and affects the entire population, which makes particulate matter pollution an important public health issue. The World Health Organization and Korean government have both established guidelines for particulate matter concentrations, but the Korean guideline is less stringent than that of the World Health Organization. The annual mean concentration of particulate matter in Korea is decreasing, but the trend seems to be slowing. In addition to policy efforts to reduce particulate matter emission, personal approaches such as the use of face masks and air purifiers have been recommended. Personal approaches may not solve the fundamental problem, but can provide temporary mitigation until efforts to reduce emission make progress.

• 센서학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

A particulate matter sensor fabricated by MEMS process is proposed. It is developed to accommodate Euro6 on-board diagnostics regulation for diesel automobile. In the regulation, emission of diesel particulate matter is restricted to 9 mg/km. Particulate matter sensor is designed to use induced charges by charged particulate matter. To increase sensitivity of the sensor, groove is formed on sensor surface because wider surface area generates more induced charges. Sensitivity of the sensor is measured 10.6 mV/(mg/km) and the sensor shows good linearity up to 15.7 mg/km. Also its minimum detectable range is about 0.25 mg/km. It is suitable to detect failure of a diesel particulate filter which should filter particulate matter more than 9 mg/km. For removing accumulated particulate matter on the sensor which can disturb normal operation, platinum heater is designed on the backside of the sensor. The developed sensor can sense very low amount of particulate matter from exhaust gas in real-time with good linearity.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.220-228
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• 2017

많은 산업 및 도로이동오염원 등으로부터 발생되는 미세먼지는 인간건강과 호흡기에 큰 영향을 미치고 있으며 이에 대한 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 세계보건기구(WHO)에서도 미세먼지($PM_{10}$) 및 초미세먼지$PM_{2.5}$)를 석면 및 비소 등의 물질과 같은 등급인 1급 발암물질로 지정한 이후로 우리나라에서도 지속적인 관심과 연구를 진행해오고 있다. 현재 환경부와 각 지자체별로 미세먼지 및 대기오염정보를 구축하여 제공하고 있지만, 특히 미세먼지 주의보 및 경보발령에 있어서 미세먼지 $PM_{10}$ 및 $PM_{2.5}$ 자료만을 활용하고 있고 미세먼지형성에 영향을 주는NOx, SOx, $NH_3$자료는 활용 및 고려를 하지 않고 있다. 또한 국내 산업별 및 지자체별로 세부적인 미세먼지형성 가능성(particulate matter formation potential) 및 발생되는 미세먼지로 인한 인체호흡기 영향평가(respiratory effects)와 관련된 연구는 많이 진행이 되고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 국내 11개 산업별 및 시도별로 2001년과 2013년 환경부 및 국립환경과학원에서 제시하고 있는 NOx, SOx, $PM_{10}$, $NH_3$ 자료를 활용하여 미세먼지형성(particulate matter formation potential) 평가와 이로 인한 인체 호흡기 영향을 평가 및 산정하여 비교 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과로는 산업별 및 시도별로 미세먼지형성과 인간건강에 영향을 제시하였으며, 향후 미세먼지 관련 연구에 중요하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.719-725
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• 2020

Objectives: With the growth of national interest in fine particulate matter, many complaints about pollutants emitted from air pollution emitting facilities have arisen in recent years. In particular, it is thought that a large volume of particulate pollutants are discharged from workplaces that use Solid Refuse Fuel (SRF). Therefore, particulate contaminants generated from SRF were measured and analyzed in this study in terms of respective particle sizes. Methods: In this study, particulate matter in exhaust gas was measured by applying US EPA method 201a using a cyclone. This method measures Filterable Particulate Matter (FPM), and does not consider the Condensable Particulate Matter (CPM) that forms particles in the atmosphere after being discharged as a gas in the exhaust gas. Results: The mass concentration of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) in the four SRF-using facilities was 1.16 to 11.21 mg/Sm3, indicating a very large concentration deviation of about 10 times. When the fuel input method was the continuous injection type, particulate matter larger than 10 ㎛ diameter showed the highest particle size fraction, followed by particulate matter smaller than 10 ㎛ and larger than 2.5 ㎛, and particulate matter of 2.5 ㎛ or less. Contrary to the continuous injection type, the batch injection type had the smallest particle size fraction of particulate matter larger than 10 ㎛. The overall particulate matter decreased as the operating load factor decreased from 100% to 60% at the batch input type D plant. In addition, as incomplete combustion significantly decreased, the particle size fraction also changed significantly. Both TSP and heavy metals (six items) satisfied the emissions standards. The measured value of the emission factor was 38-99% smaller than the existing emissions factor. Conclusions: In the batch injection facility, the particulate matter decreased as the operating load factor decreased, as did the particle size fraction of the particulate matter. These results will help the selection of effective methods such as reducing the operating load factor instead of adjusting the operating time during emergency reduction measures.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing prevention behaviors for particulate matter exposure in young adults. Methods: A convenience sample of 330 young adults was recruited from the community. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Results: The factors affecting prevention behaviors of particulate matter exposure were self-efficacy (β=.54 p<.001), subjective norm (β=.18, p<.001) and using the air purifier (β=.-17, p<.001). These variables had a 46% variance to explain prevention behaviors for particulate matter exposure. Conclusion: Findings showed that 'self-efficacy' and 'subjective norm' were important factors influencing prevention behaviors of particulate matter exposure in young adults. Thus, we need to consider the positive impact of prevention behaviors of particulate matter exposure and increase the chances of prevention behaviors of particulate matter exposure program for young adults.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1138-1148
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• 2021

In this study, we developed a 'shared-use mobility'-mounted local particulate matter monitoring terminal technology to measure the actual particulate matter concentration around me. As a mobile terminal device in the form of an IoT sensor platform, it is designed to be separated into a control module and a sensor module to minimize interference between sensors and to consider the optimal observation position of each sensor. As a result of the field test, it was confirmed that particulate matter was locally different depending on time and space even within the same area. In addition, it was confirmed that the concentration of particulate matter in the relevant section differed by up to 100 times compared to the surrounding area due to specific sources of particulate matter such as unpaved roads. In addition, we positively reviewed the applicability of the service in the real-time metaverse environment using this result. Through technological advancement and application of multiple shared-use mobilities, we expect to be able to provide new services for practical smart city air environment monitoring, such as localized particulate matter information, air pollution event information, and identification of causes of particulate matter.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2018

Objectives : This paper examines the effects of Particulate Matter on human bodies and the possibility of treating them with Chinese or Korean medicines. Methods : This paper categorizes the diseases caused by Particulate Matter, as well as the causes, pathology, prevention methods, and effectiveness of treatments by Chinese and Korean medicines. Based on these results, it analyzes whether such diseases can be managed by Chinese and Korean medicine. Results : Particulate Matter is known to affect respiratory organs, skin, circulatory system, nervous system, gestational diabetes, and other parts of the human body. While studies show evidence that treatments by Chinese and Korean medicines can reduce symptoms of some diseases and improve bodily functions that are damaged by Particulate Matter, there is no statistically significant evidence that they can provide fundamental treatments nor treat irreversible damages. Conclusion : Currently, there is no definite evidence that Chinese and Korean medicine can treat symptoms and diseases caused by Particulate Matter. Therefore, some Korean medicine doctors' arguments that Korean medicine is effective in treating such diseases are problematic, and thus, there is a need for much research in this field.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2019

The particulate matter that was emitted always come up by atmospheric environmental problem. Running on the road vehicles must have regular inspection at regular period and make sure the emissions of exhaust gases exceed the legal standards. Emission test for the atmospheric environment, but it is not free from the particulate matter. Currently, emission test of vehicle inspection is divided into regular inspection and close inspection. Regular inspection and close inspection differ not only the method of emission test, but also the facility standards that must have for this inspection. According to the "Regulations on the Implementation of Comprehensive vehicle Inspection, etc.", close inspection must have trapping device that is trap particulate matter by emission test to vehicle. However, regular inspection is different. Regular inspection do not specify any criteria for trapping facilities. Therefore, this study is confirm how to prevent the emission of particulate matter to the atmosphere during the year when mandatory trapping facilities are required to trapped particulate matter in the regular inspection.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2020

본 연구는 청소년을 대상으로 미세먼지에 대한 지식, 태도 및 행위의 수준을 파악하고 미세먼지 행위에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검증하여 미세먼지 대응에 효과적으로 대처하기 위한 전략 개발의 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 서술적 조사연구이며, 연구 대상은 D시 일개 고등학교 학생 218명이었으며, 연구 기간은 2019년 5월이며 2주간 실시되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression을 분석하였다. 미세먼지 태도(β=0.52, p<.001)가 미세먼지 행위에 유의한 영향을 나타내었으며, 설명력은 31%이었다(F=15.19, p<.001). 미세먼지 교육 경험(β=0.08, p=.157), 부의 학력(β=0.08, p=.288), 모의 학력(β=0.05, p=.463), 미세먼지 지식(β=-0.05, p=.415), 동거 가족(β=-0.09, p=.126), 학교 성적(β=-0.02, p=.710)은 미세먼지 행위에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 청소년을 위한 미세먼지 행위를 높이기 위한 프로그램 개발 시 미세먼지 태도를 증진시키기 위한 방안 마련이 필요하다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2018

The People have a bad perception about diesel vehicle because of serious air pollution, increase fine dust and global vehicle company's diesel gate. Starting the project in 2005, Ministry of Environment has been supporting that is exhaust gas reduction devices (DPF) on diesel vehicles in the metropolitan area. During the period of 2017.01.01 to 2017.12.31, 10,030 diesel vehicles installed exhaust gas reduction devices (DPF). Among them, 9,921 diesel vehicles that they have sufficient data for analysis were analyzed amount of particulate matter reduction before and after exhaust gas reduction devices (DPF) was installed. Opacity smoke meter measures the concentration of particulate matter. So concentration of particulate matter was converted into a mass unit, and then calculated the total amount of reduced particulate matter. It was estimated that social benefits is costs required to remove it from the total amount of particulate matter.