• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2002

Suddenly increasing numbers of automobiles result in making worse air pollution problems. In particular, the emissions from automobiles affect badly on atmosphere. Nowadays, research on catalyst converter and filter trap as a modem technology is very active because PM is designated as a major cancer material and stringent regulations on this are necessary and required. The ceramic filter is very efficient in reducing particular materials up to 80-90% and is evaluated as a very efficient after-treatment technology. However, it comes with decreased engine performance due to increased back-pressure occurred by thermal crack. In order to solve these problems, several methods are proposed such as fuel additive, electric heater and burner types. This experimental study has been conducted with equipped and unequipped a ceramic filter on a displacement 11,000cc diesel engine and compared in terms of engine performance and emission. To measure the emission, D-13 mode is applied and measured quantities of the exhaust gases, particularly in CO, HC, PM, and NOx. Therefore, this research is focused on the basic mechanism and characteristics on harmful materials generated by ceramic filter.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2008

Purpose: Oncostatin M(OSM) has been known as a role in fibrosis and anti-inflammatory effects of various organs and tissues. Although there have been a number of studies which are focused on the roles and mechanisms of OSM, there are few reports on its effects in chronic wound healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of OSM in wound healing activities of dermal fibroblasts of chronic wound in vitro. In particular, this study is focused on cell proliferation and synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycan(GAG), which are the major components of the extracellular matrices, of diabetic fibroblasts. Methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from excess skin that was obtained from diabetic foot ulcer patients who underwent debridement. The isolated fibroblasts were cultivated in presence of OSM(100 ng/mL). Cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and GAG levels were compared. Results: All the components tested in this study increased in OSM treatment group. In particular, collagen and GAG synthesis demonstrated statistically significant increases(p<0.05 in the Mann-Whitney U-test). Conclusion: These results indicate that OSM increases wound healing activities of dermal fibroblasts of chronic wound in vitro.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2007

The orientation and deformation of polymer chains in a confined channel flow has been investigated. The polymer chain was modeled as a Finitely Extensible Nonlinear Elastic (FENE) dumbbell. The Brownian configuration field method was extended to take the interaction between the flow and local chain dynamics into account. Drag and Brownian forces were treated as anisotropic in order to reflect the influence of the wall in the confined flow. Both Poiseuille flow and 4 : 1 contraction flow were considered. Of particular interest was molecular tumbling of polymer chains near the wall. It was strongly influenced by anisotropic drag and high shear close to the wall. We discussed the mechanism of this particular behavior in terms of the governing forces. The dumbbell configuration was determined not only by the wall interaction but also by the flow type of the geometric origin. The effect of extensional flow on dumbbell configuration was also discussed by comparing with the Poiseuille flow.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.878-883
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• 2005

The dream is a well-known experience in the routine life. It is the image and thought being occurred during the sleep, and the complex reaction of our mental world to the event of everyday. In particular, there are so many opinions of the reason why people have a dream and this thesis is telling about the physical and pathological changes in the human as one of that various opinions. The aspects of this thesis are often founded in the diverse texts of oriental Medicine, including the Internal Classics(내경), and there were some cases that regarded the dream as diagnostic object and put to clinical uses. These attempts were not only tried out by particular orient thoght, also the ancient Greeks thought that the dream would represent important informations about the health. But, these ideas have been treated lightly by the impacts of the western medicine since the modern age. Straightforwardly, before the psycho-analytics was not development, most of the doctors and scientists regarded the dream as things like dregs of mind. The central operating bodies of the dream are the Spirit(신) and Hon and Beak(혼백), and the Spirit(신) is more essential part between the two.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.215-227
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• 2018

Along with globalization of traveling and trading, fish-borne nematodiases seems to be increasing in number. However, apart from occasional and sporadic case reports or mini-reviews of particular diseases in particular countries, an overview of fish-borne nematodiasis among travelers have never been performed. In this review, we gathered fish-borne nematodiasis among travelers for recent 25 years by an extensive global literature survey using appropriate keywords, e.g. travelers diseases, human infection, anisakiasis, gnathostomiasis, capillariasis, sushi, sashimi, ceviche, Gnathostoma, Pseudoterranova, Anisakis, Capillaria, etc., as well as various combinations of these key words. The Internet search engines PubMed, Medline, Google and Googler Scholar were used as much as possible, and the references of every paper were checked in order to identify useful and reliable publications. The results showed unexpectedly high incidence of gnathostomiasis and low incidence of anisakidosis. The different incidence values of the infection with several fish-borne zoonotic nematode species are discussed, as well as some epidemiological aspects of the infections. The difficulties of differential diagnosis in non-endemic countries are emphasized. It is concluded that travelers must avoid risky behaviors which can lead to infection and that physicians and health authorities must advice travelers on the risks of eating behaviors during travel.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.399-424
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• 2014

The main objective of this paper is to examine critically White's claim that there is a conflict between Perceptual Dogmatism and Bayesian Theory of Confirmation. For this purpose, this paper is structured as follows: In Section 2, I will introduce White's argument. Section 3 is dedicated to explaining some elements of Bayesian Theory of Confirmation. In particular, I will provide an explanation of confirmation measures and Bayesian Favoring. Using these two conceptual apparatuses, it will be shown that, contrary to what White has thought, there is a way of supporting Perceptual Dogmatism by means of Bayesian Theory of Confirmation - in particular, Bayesian Theory of Favoring.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 1993

Transgenic animals have become an important tool in the basic and applied sectors of genetic and biomedical sciences. In particular transgenes provide clear-cut markers in the spatial and temporal analysis of developing embryos for the understanding of developmental mechanisms. For the long-term use of plasmid vector in a particular purpose it would be necessary to develop one's own vector system which can be properly expressed in eukaryotic system. Plasmids were constructed from ori region of pUC19 and early region of SV40 through various steps. LacZ gene coding for $\beta$-galactosides was fused to early gene of SV40 in translational in-frame. Poly(A) tailing site of SV40 was inserted at the 3' lacZ so that initiation, elongation and terminatin be controlled by SV40 transcription (pSS4). Biological function of the constructed pSS4 was demonstrated via microinjection of the plasmid into fertilized loach eggs and subsequent detection of $\beta$-galactosidase in developing embryos. The result indicate that the newly constructed pSS4 is functional in a eukaryotic system in vivo. Thus pSS4 may be used as an efficient tool for the study of embryogenesis and a basic carrier for various genes for animal transgenesis.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.248-261
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• 2003

Through a qualitative analysis of the Ikuno Korean Festival in Osaka, this article examines and critiques how identities are constructed, and how this process is shaped by the mediation of intra and inter-community concerns. Particular attention is paid to the potential of reorganized culture through a thinking of similarity rather than difference. The dynamic interrelations suggest that festival provides a particular and informal public sphere wherein certain social logics and identities are contested. These discursive arenas are therefore marked by certain exclusions and inclusions. This study shows the complex process of identification at the micro-level through which identification is constituted and continuously negotiated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2291-2297
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• 2012

X-ray fluorescence sprectrum signal include the continuum. XRF analysis the components of material by the amplitude of peaks. XRF remove the noise and background. To remove the noise, we apply the smoothing filter. And background removal methods applied such as SNIP, Morphology, Threshold methods. In this paper, we applied Threshold using DWT. Interval threshold method divide the some blocks in particular levels. We propose the method that is divided the particular level.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.546-551
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of melanoidins formed from glucose and fructose with amino acid enantiomers in the Maillard reaction. Before dialysis, FT-IR spectroscopy of all the samples showed that the characteristic absorption intensities appeared as a broad and intense band of the stretching vibration of the -OH group at 3,400/cm for a high pH. The absorption bands of the melanoidins sharply decreased in intensity after dialysis as compared to those before dialysis. In particular, the absorption bands at 992 and 575/cm disappeared. The XRD confirmed that the crystal structure of the melanoidins disappeared after dialysis and a new crystal structure was formed at 9 and $28^{\circ}$ ($2{\theta}$. In particular, broad diffraction peaks were formed in the $10-21^{\circ}$ ($2{\theta}$) range for a high pH, while other sharp diffraction peaks disappeared.